CN107957592A - A kind of seismic first breaks pick-up method and system - Google Patents
A kind of seismic first breaks pick-up method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of seismic first breaks pick-up method and system, this method to include：The first break picking ripple from the seismic wave of acquisition；Preliminary wave can be used by finding flex point on the preliminary wave of pickup and being obtained from the preliminary wave of pickup by adding auxiliary line.It is stronger relative to conventional seismic attribute road the ratio of energy, the precision higher of first break picking of the invention, anti-noise ability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a seismic wave first arrival pickup method and system.
Background
In the first-arrival wave picking technology of seismic data processing, the traditional method is to adopt a seismic attribute trace (such as an amplitude absolute value and an amplitude envelope) energy ratio method.
However, under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, the first-arrival waves acquired by the method have weak anti-noise capability and low accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and a system for picking up seismic wave first arrival, which are used to improve the accuracy and noise immunity of first arrival picking up.
According to one aspect of the invention, a seismic wave first arrival pickup method is provided, comprising:
picking up first-motion waves from the acquired seismic waves;
finding inflection points on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding auxiliary lines.
According to one embodiment of the invention, picking up first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves further comprises:
averaging the absolute values of the amplitude of the discrete sequences of the seismic traces;
setting a time window, and calculating the energy ratio of a short time window and a long time window of the seismic trace by using the following formula;
wherein W represents a short time window; a is i Represents the ratio of the energy in the short time window W to the energy in the long time window; i. j, k represent sampling sequence numbers; a. The m An average of the absolute values of the discrete sequence amplitudes representing the seismic traces; b is a mixture of i Represents a correspondence to i The product of its sample sequence number; c. C i Represents a correspondence to i The product of the square of its sample sequence number; x is the number of j 、x k Respectively representing sampling values when the sampling serial numbers are j and k;
respectively obtain a i 、b i 、c i The maximum value of (a) and the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears;
according to a i 、b i 、c i And picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling serial number when the maximum value appears.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i When the maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i And the first arrival waves when the corresponding sampling serial numbers are equal when the maximum values are taken.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, finding an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and obtaining available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line further comprises:
calculating a corresponding inflection point by adopting an odd-order derivative method according to the sequence of the picked first-break waves;
and adding auxiliary lines on the picked first-motion waves according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves to connect all inflection points, so as to obtain usable first-motion waves.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a seismic wave first arrival pickup system, comprising:
the first-arrival wave pickup module is used for picking up first-arrival waves from seismic waves according to a sliding time window energy ratio method;
and the available first-arrival wave acquisition module is used for searching an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first-arrival wave picking module picking up the first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves further comprises:
calculating the average of the absolute values of the amplitudes of the discrete sequences of the seismic traces;
setting a time window, and calculating the energy ratio of a short time window and a long time window of the seismic trace by using the following formula;
wherein W represents a short time window; a is a i Representing the energy ratio within the short time window W to within the long time window; i. j, k represent sampling sequence numbers; a. The m An average of the absolute values of the discrete sequence amplitudes representing the seismic traces; b is a mixture of i Represents a correspondence to i The product of its sample sequence number; c. C i Represents a correspondence to i The product of the square of its sample sequence number; x is the number of j 、x k Respectively representing sampling values when the sampling serial numbers are j and k;
respectively obtain a i 、b i 、c i The maximum value of the sampling sequence number and the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears;
according to a i 、b i 、c i And picking up first-arrival waves from seismic waves by using the corresponding sampling serial number when the maximum value appears.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first arrival pickup module is according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first arrival pickup module is according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i When the maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the available first-arrival wave acquisition module finding an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line further includes:
calculating a corresponding inflection point by adopting an odd-order derivation method according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves;
and adding auxiliary lines on the picked first-motion waves according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves to connect all inflection points, so as to obtain the usable first-motion waves.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method adopts all seismic channel data to pick up the first-motion waves with good quality, and then simulates the bridging technology of the artificial auxiliary lines to obtain the available first-motion waves. Under the low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, compared with a conventional seismic attribute trace (such as an amplitude absolute value and an amplitude envelope) energy ratio method, the method has the advantages that the primary wave picking precision is higher, and the anti-noise capability is higher.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an algorithm flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a seismic wave first arrival picking method, as shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of the method according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown, fig. 2 is a flow chart of an algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2.
First, in step S100, first-arrival waves are picked up from the acquired seismic waves.
In step S101, the absolute values of the discrete series of seismic traces are averaged. Let a discrete sequence of seismic traces X (t) be X i The average of the absolute values of their amplitudes is:
where n represents the number of samples and i represents the sample sequence number.
In step S102, given a time window W, the energy ratio of the short time window to the long time window of the seismic trace is calculated using the following equation:
wherein W represents a short time window; a is i Representing the energy ratio in the short-time window W and the long-time window W, wherein the long-time window represents the estimated value of the first arrival peak from the zero point of sampling to the beginning of the short-time window, and the time with the maximum energy ratio is the estimated value of the first arrival peak; i. j, k represent the sampling sequence number, A m An average of absolute values of discrete sequence amplitudes representing seismic traces; b i Represents a correspondence to i The product of its sample sequence number; c. C i Represents a correspondence to i The product of the square of its sample sequence number; x is the number of j 、x k Respectively representing the sampling values when the sampling serial numbers are j and k. This allows all of the seismic trace data to be used, rather than just the data in the time window.
In step S103, a is obtained i 、b i 、c i And a sampling sequence number corresponding to the maximum value.
Wherein, a i 、b i 、c i The sampling sequence number corresponding to each maximum value is p 1 、p 2 、p 3 。
In step S104, first-arrival waves are picked up from the seismic waves according to the sampling sequence number corresponding to the occurrence of the maximum value. In particular, according to P 1 、P 2 、P 3 The relationship between them picks up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves.
In step S104, P is judged 1 、P 2 、P 3 Whether a predetermined condition is satisfied, e.g. a i 、b i 、c i When each maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling serial numbers are equal, namely, P = P is satisfied 1 ＝p 2 ＝p 3 。
In step S105, if p = p is satisfied 1 ＝p 2 ＝p 3 If the first-motion wave of trace X (t) is a good-quality first-motion wave, the first-motion wave is picked up. Where P is an approximation of the sampling number of the first arrival peak, i.e., P is selected 1 、P 2 、P 3 An approximation of (d). If p = p is not satisfied 1 ＝p 2 ＝p 3 Then, the process returns to step S300 to perform cyclic sampling on the tracks.
As shown in formula (2), a i Sensitive to energy variations of random noise before arrival of first arrival waves, c i But greatly improves the energy ratio of the continuous wave and reduces the energy ratio of random noise before the arrival of the first wave, b i Then is a i And c i The compromise of (1). The identification process of the first-motion waves with good quality is a screening process, a i And c i Always in opposition to each other, b i Between the two, and the point P is the balance point of the opposite unity.
When the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is too low, a i 、b i When each maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i Each takingWhen the sampling sequence numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal, namely, p = p is satisfied 1 ＝p 2 Or p = p 2 ＝p 3 Then, the first-motion wave of track X (t) is taken as the first-motion wave with good quality and picked up. P is the approximate value of the sampling sequence number of the first arrival wave crest.
P is an approximation of the sampling order of the first-arrival peak, i.e., P is the approximate position of the first-arrival peak, and therefore, it is not required that the short time window be equal to or approximately equal to the view period of the first-arrival wave.
Next is step S200 of finding an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line. If the available first arrival wave is obtained, the acquisition process is ended, otherwise, the process proceeds to step S300.
Adding the manual auxiliary line is a conventional method for human-computer interaction first arrival semi-automatic picking. The artificial auxiliary line is a broken line, and the inflection point of the artificial auxiliary line is the position of the first arrival wave with good quality and recognized by naked eyes. The simulation process mainly comprises the steps of determining the position of an inflection point-good-quality first-arrival wave, taking the position of the good-quality first-arrival wave as a pier, and linearly connecting the piers, namely the bridging technology for simulating the artificial auxiliary line.
Specifically, the inflection point of the initial wave with good quality is obtained by using the derivative of order 2m + 1. With the mathematical definition of the inflection point, the inflection point will always occur in the case where the derivative of order 2m +1 (odd) is equal to 0. To balance computational efficiency and error, assume 1< = m < =10. When m =1, calculating the reciprocal of the m =1, and if the m =1 is equal to 0, the current point is an inflection point; if not equal to 0, continue to find m =2,3, \ 8230and so on until m =10. If the point on the current first-arrival wave equal to 10 is not equal to 0, the current first-arrival wave is considered to have no inflection point, and the next first-arrival wave is jumped to, and the inflection point is calculated according to the same method.
And finally, step S300, performing cyclic sampling on the seismic traces for acquiring seismic trace sampling data.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a seismic wave first arrival pickup system, comprising a first arrival pickup module and an available first arrival acquisition module. The seismic wave acquisition module acquires seismic waves; the available first-arrival wave acquisition module finds an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and acquires available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first-arrival wave picking module picking up the first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves further comprises: averaging the absolute values of the amplitude of the discrete sequences of the seismic traces; setting a time window, and calculating the energy ratio of a short time window and a long time window of the seismic record by using the formula (2); respectively obtain a i 、b i 、c i The maximum value of (a) and the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears; according to a i 、b i 、c i And picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling serial number when the maximum value appears.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first arrival wave pickup module is according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up the first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the sampling sequence number corresponding to the occurrence of the maximum value further comprises picking up the time a from the seismic waves i 、b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first arrival wave pickup module is according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises: picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i When the maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the available first-arrival wave acquisition module finding an inflection point on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line further comprises: calculating a corresponding inflection point by adopting an odd-order derivation method according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves; and adding auxiliary lines on the picked first-motion waves according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves to connect all inflection points, so as to obtain the usable first-motion waves.
The method improves the existing Coppens sliding time window energy ratio method, adopts all seismic channel data to pick up the first-motion waves with good quality, and then simulates the bridging technology of an artificial auxiliary line to obtain the available first-motion waves. Under the low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, compared with a conventional seismic attribute trace (such as an amplitude absolute value and an amplitude envelope) energy ratio method, the method has the advantages that the primary wave picking precision is higher, and the anti-noise capability is higher.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A seismic wave first arrival pickup method, comprising:
picking up first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves;
an inflection point is found on the picked first-arrival waves and available first-arrival waves are obtained from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein picking up first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves further comprises:
averaging the absolute values of the amplitude of the discrete sequences of the seismic traces;
setting a time window, and calculating the energy ratio of a short time window and a long time window of the seismic trace by using the following formula;
wherein W represents a short time window; a is i Representing the energy ratio within the short time window W to within the long time window; i. j and k represent sampling serial numbers; a. The m Representing absolute values of amplitude of discrete sequences of seismic tracesAveraging; b i Represents a correspondence to i The product of its sample sequence number; c. C i Represents a correspondence to i The product of the square of its sample sequence number; x is a radical of a fluorine atom j 、x k Respectively representing sampling values when the sampling serial numbers are j and k;
respectively obtain a i 、b i 、c i The maximum value of the sampling sequence number and the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears;
according to a i 、b i 、c i And picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling serial number when the maximum value appears.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i When the maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein finding inflection points on the picked first-arrival waves and obtaining available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding auxiliary lines further comprises:
calculating a corresponding inflection point by adopting an odd-order derivative method according to the sequence of the picked first-break waves;
and adding auxiliary lines on the picked first-motion waves according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves to connect all inflection points, so as to obtain the usable first-motion waves.
6. A seismic wave first arrival pickup system comprising:
the first-arrival wave pickup module is used for picking up first-arrival waves from seismic waves according to a sliding time window energy ratio method;
and the available first-break wave acquisition module is used for searching an inflection point on the picked first-break waves and acquiring the available first-break waves from the picked first-break waves by adding an auxiliary line.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first-arrival wave pickup module picking up first-arrival waves from the acquired seismic waves further comprises:
averaging the absolute values of the amplitude of the discrete sequences of the seismic traces;
setting a time window, and calculating the energy ratio of a short time window and a long time window of the seismic trace by using the following formula;
wherein W represents a short time window; a is i Representing the energy ratio within the short time window W to within the long time window; i. j and k represent sampling serial numbers; a. The m An average of absolute values of discrete sequence amplitudes representing seismic traces; b is a mixture of i Represents a correspondence to i The product of its sample sequence number; c. C i Represents a correspondence to i The product of the square of its sample sequence number; x is a radical of a fluorine atom j 、x k Respectively representing sampling values when the sampling serial numbers are j and k;
respectively obtain a i 、b i 、c i The maximum value of the sampling sequence number and the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears;
according to a i 、b i 、c i And picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling serial number when the maximum value appears.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first arrival wave pickup moduleAccording to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from the seismic waves by the corresponding sampling sequence number when the maximum value appears further comprises:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the first arrival pickup module is according to a i 、b i 、c i Picking up first-arrival waves from seismic waves by using the sampling serial number corresponding to the maximum value further comprises the following steps:
picking up a from seismic waves i 、b i When the maximum value is taken, the corresponding sampling sequence numbers are equal or b i 、c i And the sampling serial numbers corresponding to the maximum values are equal to each other.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the available first-arrival wave acquisition module finding inflection points on the picked first-arrival waves and acquiring available first-arrival waves from the picked first-arrival waves by adding an auxiliary line further comprises:
calculating a corresponding inflection point by adopting an odd-order derivation method according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves;
and adding auxiliary lines on the picked first-motion waves according to the sequence of the picked first-motion waves to connect all inflection points, so as to obtain the usable first-motion waves.
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| CN112200037A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Weak signal detection method, terminal and computer readable storage medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111538086A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林大学 | Method for improving first-motion wave quality of seismic data |
| CN111538086B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-08-10 | 吉林大学 | First arrival automatic pickup method for improving seismic data first arrival wave quality |
| CN112200037A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Weak signal detection method, terminal and computer readable storage medium |
| CN112200037B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Weak signal detection method, terminal and computer readable storage medium |
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