CN116774293B - Method, system, electronic equipment and medium for automatically picking up same phase shaft - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic picking method and system for a same phase shaft, electronic equipment and a medium, and relates to the field of geophysics. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data; calculating instantaneous frequency according to each seismic channel data in the seismic data; calculating an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency; sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel by applying binning according to a set sampling interval; and determining the same phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence. The invention can realize the automatic tracking of any same phase shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geophysics, in particular to an automatic in-phase shaft picking method, an automatic in-phase shaft picking system, electronic equipment and a medium.
Background
Compared with the heavy magnetoelectric method, the seismic method is a geophysical exploration method with high resolution. In the ocean or land, the earthquake method is to manually excite a seismic source (a seismic wave source in a land solid medium and a sound wave source in a sea water body), record time-varying seismic wave vibration signals according to a pre-designed observation system by using a vibration sensor array, and then process the seismic wave signals carrying information of the horizon, lithology and the like of the underground medium by a geophysicist to form a seismic image containing stratum positions and structures so as to help the geologist to determine the distribution of underground mineral resources. The main links of the earthquake method comprise: acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data. In the three links, the seismic data are in different display forms of time dimension and space dimension, wherein the connecting lines of the same points of the vibration phases of the adjacent space channels are called homoaxes. The first arrival of the processing stage of the seismic method, the pick-up during traveling such as refraction and reflection (the pick-up usually implies the tracking of specific wave patterns), and the horizon tracking during the interpretation stage depend on the on-phase pick-up or tracking, so the on-phase pick-up or tracking is an important research content for the analysis modeling and horizon interpretation in the seismic exploration.
The same-phase shaft picking mode mainly comprises manual picking and automatic picking. In the case of marine seismic data, the manual pick-up is highly inefficient and is subject to factors such as expertise, processing experience, and subjective awareness of the pick-up personnel. Therefore, the method for automatically picking up the same phase shaft is widely studied. The use of spatial coherence properties of seismic trace signals is a fundamental method of on-phase axis pickup, such as the primary to wave or the primary to wave on-phase axis pickup method (Peraldi & Clement,1972; gelchinsky & Shtivelman, 1983), widely used for near-surface model modeling of diffracted waves; also, for example, methods of tracing the event or horizon of reflected waves (Yung & Ikelle, 1997; srinivasan & Ikelle, 2001) are commonly used for modeling of mid-deep velocity or interpretation of horizon of formations. How to track the coherence properties between a seismic trace and a seismic trace (or reference trace) over a seismic section is generally divided into: cross-correlation methods (including Gao Jiepu) (Yung & Ikelle, 1997; wang Ji et al, 2006; pan Shulin et al, 2010), local dip characteristic-based methods (Fomel, 2010; liu Xin et al, 2015), dynamic waveform matching methods (Lv Xuesong et al, 2018; peng Renyan et al, 2021), pattern recognition clustering methods (Zhang Yinfeng et al, 1989), edge detection methods (Bondar, 1992; li Xu, 2014), fractal methods (Boschetti et al, 1996), deep learning methods (McCormack, 1993;Leggett et al, 2003;Peters et al, 2019), and the like. Most of the methods for tracking the same-phase axis directly use waveform characteristics (starting point, wave front, wave trough and the like) of the same-phase axis to track the same-phase axis. The origin calculation is advantageous for picking up the first-arrival wave while traveling, and the energy ratio method enables picking up the first-arrival wave based on the feature that the received first-arrival wave front energy is zero (Coppens, 1985; spagnolini,1991; al-Ghamdi, 2007). When the waveform characteristics are directly utilized to track the in-phase shaft with polarity inversion, tracking errors or tracking failure can occur only when the wave crest or the wave trough is used; using both peaks and valleys, the same horizon event may result in redundant tracking computations. However, saragitis et al (2013) calculates the time corresponding to the event by instantaneous travel, the event has unique characteristics, and there is no problem of tracking using waveform characteristics; luo et al (2018) improves the accuracy of the characteristics during transient travel on the basis of Saragitis et al (2013). The instantaneous travel time method only picks up the instantaneous travel time, and the isochrone can be used for constructing connecting lines in the graph, but does not realize substantial in-phase axis tracking; the instantaneous travel time method obtains instantaneous travel time characteristics in a time-frequency domain by using an average travel time in an effective frequency range, and calculates the effective travel time range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a system, electronic equipment and a medium for automatically picking up a same phase shaft, which can realize the automatic tracking of any same phase shaft.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an automatic pick-up method for a phase shaft, the method comprising:
acquiring seismic data;
calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data;
determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency;
sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel according to a set sampling interval by using binning to obtain a regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is an expression of a difference between an actual time position corresponding to each data in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence and a time position of a set sampling interval;
and determining the same phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
Optionally, calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic trace according to each seismic trace data in the seismic data specifically includes:
according to the seismic data, hilbert transformation is applied to construct complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel;
and calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel.
Optionally, determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency specifically includes:
applying Fourier transform to the seismic data to obtain a travel time expression in a time-frequency domain;
obtaining an instantaneous travel time characteristic expression of each seismic channel according to the travel time expression in the time-frequency domain and the instantaneous frequency;
and obtaining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the instantaneous travel time characteristic expression of each seismic channel and the seismic data.
Optionally, according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a dynamic waveform matching method is applied to determine the same phase axis, which specifically comprises:
according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm is applied, and the distance between the seismic data of each two adjacent seismic channels is calculated, so that the accumulated distance of all the seismic channels is obtained;
and performing recursive backtracking search on the accumulated distances of all the seismic traces by using a backtracking search method to obtain the same-phase axis.
Optionally, according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm is applied to calculate the distance between the seismic data of each two adjacent seismic channels to obtain the accumulated distance of all the seismic channels, which specifically comprises:
setting a constraint window position of the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic horizon position in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence;
calculating the distance between the seismic data of two seismic channels in the constraint window position by applying a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm to obtain a single seismic channel distance;
and counting the single seismic channel distance to obtain the accumulated distance of all seismic channels.
An automatic homophase shaft picking system is applied to the automatic homophase shaft picking method, and the system comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic data;
the first calculation module is used for calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data;
the second calculation module is used for determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency;
the rule sequence determining module is used for sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel by applying binning according to a set sampling interval to obtain a rule instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is an expression of a difference between an actual time position corresponding to each data in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence and a time position of a set sampling interval;
and the in-phase axis determining module is used for determining the in-phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
An electronic device includes a memory for storing a computer program and a processor that runs the computer program to cause the electronic device to execute the above-described in-phase axis auto-pick-up method.
A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described in-phase axis automatic pickup method.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the method, instantaneous frequency is calculated according to each seismic channel data in the seismic data; according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency, calculating an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic trace, extracting instantaneous waveform amplitude at the correct time of the same phase axis from the seismic section channel by channel through an improved partial travel calculation method, removing irregular data in the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic trace by applying binning to obtain a regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, and matching the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence channel by using a sliding time window dynamic matching algorithm so as to realize automatic tracking of any same phase axis.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic pick-up method for a phase shaft according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the method for automatically picking up a phase axis according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a time domain seismic profile of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of horizon picking results according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a noisy time domain seismic profile of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the noisy horizon picking results of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a method, a system, electronic equipment and a medium for automatically picking up a same phase shaft, which can realize the automatic tracking of any same phase shaft.
The final purpose of the invention is to realize the automatic tracking of the same phase axis of the seismic section by utilizing a sliding time window dynamic matching algorithm based on the instantaneous waveform amplitude, in particular:
(1) The calculation of instantaneous travel time is realized by using the main frequency in the time-frequency transformation, and the average instantaneous travel time is not needed to be solved by counting the effective frequency range. The purpose is as follows: the method solves the problem of complex calculation when the average instantaneous travel is carried out, and the instantaneous travel is simply obtained directly depending on the main frequency.
(2) The instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is formed by extracting instantaneous waveform amplitudes at the correct time of the same phase axis from the seismic section channel by the improved local travel calculation method in the step (1). The purpose is as follows: the method solves the problem that the waveform characteristics such as peak values and the like cannot describe the position of the first arrival and the reflection travel accurately due to wavelet phase changes.
(3) And matching the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence by using a constraint time window dynamic matching algorithm, so as to realize the same-phase axis tracking. The purpose is as follows: the constraint time window dynamic matching algorithm ensures the local matching capability of the same phase axis, and the constraint time window is added in the backtracking step to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for automatically picking up a same phase axis, which includes:
step S1: seismic data is acquired.
In practical applications, seismic data (time domain or depth domain data) are acquired, three-dimensional data are represented by u (y, x, t), y and x are horizontal spatial position coordinates, and t represents time.
Step S2: and calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data. S2 specifically comprises:
step S21: and according to the seismic data, applying Hilbert transformation to construct complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel.
In practical application, any one seismic data f (t) is extracted from three-dimensional data u (y, x, t), and a plurality of seismic traces c (t) =f (t) +jh (t) are constructed, wherein,h (t) is the Hilbert transform of f (t).
Step S22: and calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel.
In practical application, the phase can be obtained by a plurality of single seismic traces, and the phase comprises angular frequency and time. The instantaneous frequency of the seismic data is expressed as:
（1）
step S3: and determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency. S3 specifically comprises:
step S31: and applying Fourier transform to the seismic data to obtain a travel time expression in a time-frequency domain.
In practical application, let，/>Thus:
Aω(t)=b （2）
wherein ω (t) is the instantaneous frequency of the single trace seismic data at time t. A is an amplitude square matrix, and b is a complex amplitude difference sequence.
Solving by using an iteration method to obtain:
（3）
wherein ,coarsening matrix (first order difference), wherein lambda is regularized sparse constant, and small quantity such as 0.001 is generally taken, and is mainly acted by balance constraint in the inversion process, so that the estimated value center frequency of the instantaneous frequency omega of the single-channel seismic data is expressed as follows:
（4）
directly solving the formula (4) to obtain the required frequency.Has transient characteristics and can be regarded as the main frequency of the seismic data at a certain time and is within the effective frequency range at the moment. Its function is convenient to directly extract instantaneous time so as to obtain instantaneous waveform amplitude.
Any seismic data f (t) can be obtained by short-time Fourier transformWherein ω is angular frequency, i.e. instantaneous frequency of single trace seismic data, A (t, ω) is amplitude, +.>Is the phase. Then travel time in the time-frequency domain can be defined as:
（5）
where Im represents the imaginary component.
Step S32: and obtaining the instantaneous travel time characteristic expression of each seismic channel according to the travel time expression in the time-frequency domain and the instantaneous frequency.
In practical application, based on formulas (5) and (4), the characteristics at the time of instantaneous travel are expressed as:
（6）
step S33: and obtaining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the instantaneous travel time characteristic expression of each seismic channel and the seismic data.
In practical application, the instantaneous amplitude sequence is obtained according to formula (6):
（7）
processing all seismic traces according to the formulas (5), (6) and (7) to obtain an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence:
（8）
step S4: and sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel by using binning according to a set sampling interval to obtain a regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
In practical application, the instantaneous waveform amplitude is different from the traditional method, so that the instantaneous waveform amplitude of the travel time point is picked up irregularly, and the traditional regular sampling space dynamic programming matching algorithm is not beneficial to use. Thus, the sampling binning method reduces the complexity of the irregular sampling dynamic programming method. The following is described:
（9）
wherein ,，/>the k value is the continuous to discrete sampling sequence number，/>Is a regular sampling interval in the time direction, +.>Is the difference between the actual time position and the regular sampling time position。
The binning is based onFind +.>And time perturbationWherein INT represents rounding and is derived from +.>Obtaining。
Step S5: and determining the same phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence. S5 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S51: and according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm is applied, and the distance between the seismic data of each two adjacent seismic channels is calculated, so that the accumulated distance of all the seismic channels is obtained. S51 specifically includes:
step S511: and setting the constraint window position of the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic horizon position in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
Step S512: and calculating the distance between the seismic data of the two seismic channels in the constraint window position by applying a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm to obtain the single seismic channel distance.
Step S513: and counting the single seismic channel distance to obtain the accumulated distance of all seismic channels.
Step S52: and performing recursive backtracking search on the accumulated distances of all the seismic traces by using a backtracking search method to obtain the same-phase axis.
In practical application, based onAnd carrying out dynamic programming matching between the seismic channels. The actual seismic trace is spatially discrete sampled, thus +.>Can be expressed as +.>，，/>. Further toCan be simply expressed as +.>。
When the dynamic matching algorithm is used for carrying out seismic trace matching, the method comprises the following two steps: first, the circulation is carried out along the l direction, for a certain l position, forSequentially carrying out dynamic matching on the seismic channels in the direction i; second, the loop is circulated along the i direction, for a certain i position, for +.>And dynamically matching the seismic traces with the seismic traces in sequence in the direction I.
The detailed calculation process of the two steps is described below:
in the first step, the first step is to provide,is a dynamic match of (a). Horizon location locates the constraint window location for the present trace waveform match. After setting a constraint window for waveform matching, i is a serial number of the seismic trace, two traces are sequentially taken for matching each time, and the former trace is i=i prev (prev means previous meaning) and the following one i=i next (next, meaning of next) dynamic matching algorithm to match i=i prev and i=inext Two passes:
(1) Calculating the distance between two paths of seismic data:where m and n each represent k, distinguishing between two index numbers that differ in the k direction.
(2) Calculating an accumulated error matrix, and recursively solving the formula:
（10）
where D (m, n) represents the minimum accumulated error from D (0, 0) to D (m, n).
(3) And (3) carrying out recursive backtracking search on D (m, n) by adopting a backtracking search method according to the sequence from right to left and from bottom to top to obtain a change path of the dynamic matching algorithm. Dynamic matching rule whole path broken line g k The calculation formula is as follows:
（11）
where k is the k-th point in the path, coordinate m k ,n k Coordinates m, n corresponding to D (m, n) are on path g k I=i in (i) next Mth point of track and i=i prev The nth point of the track is the closest match. Thus, starting from the first pass, the pair is formedSequential tracking of the same phase axis in the regular sampling space forms a tracking curve +.>The tracking curve is along +.>A first tracking curve of the direction.
In the second step, the second step is carried out,is a dynamic match of (a). Horizon location locates the constraint window location for the present trace waveform match. After setting the constraint window of waveform matching, matching i=i by a dynamic matching algorithm next and i=iprev Two seismic traces. The calculation process is the same as the first step, i.e. the processes (1), (2) and (3) in the first step are repeated to form a pair starting from the first passSequential tracking of the same phase axis in the regular sampling space forms a tracking curve +.>The tracking curve is a second tracking curve in the i-direction.
Finally, correction needs to be made for the actual points in time tracked by the in-phase axis in the j direction and the in-phase axis in the i direction:, wherein />And (5) time disturbance.
As shown in fig. 2, the key steps include: (1) calculating when traveling instantaneously; (2) An improved local travel calculation method constructs an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; (3) Designing the position and the size of a calculation time window of waveform matching, and carrying out waveform matching channel by using a dynamic matching algorithm; (4) And if the waveform matching result has larger error, changing the window parameters to re-match the bad matching points. The specific steps are as follows:
the first step: input seismic data is acquired.
And a second step of: and extracting a single seismic channel from the seismic data to obtain data of the single seismic channel.
And a third step of: short-time fourier transforms are performed on the data of the single seismic trace.
Fourth step: and determining the time-frequency domain instantaneous travel time according to the data after the short-time Fourier transform.
Fifth step: and extracting the main frequency of the data of the single seismic channel to obtain the main frequency of the single seismic channel.
Sixth step: and obtaining the time domain instantaneous travel time according to the time domain instantaneous travel time and the single seismic channel main frequency.
Seventh step: and obtaining a single-channel instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the single-channel seismic channel according to the time domain instantaneous travel time and the data of the single-channel seismic channel.
Eighth step: and judging whether a single-channel instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of all the seismic channels is obtained. And returning to the second step when the single-channel instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the single-channel seismic channel is not obtained. When a single trace instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of all seismic traces has been obtained, the ninth step is continued.
Ninth step: and applying the binning to obtain expressions of the single-channel instantaneous waveform amplitude sequences of all the seismic channels on the regular sampling points and the disturbance.
Tenth step: and (3) applying weighted dynamic matching tracking to the data sampled by the binning method, and outputting the tracked profile.
To verify the effectiveness of the instantaneous waveform amplitude-based method for tracking the same phase axis of the seismic profile, the method is tested on a time domain profile, and the seismic profile is shown in fig. 3. The time domain section has 600 time sampling points, the sampling rate is 2ms, the number of tracks is 200 tracks, and the model comprises a horizontal layer, an inclined layer and a complex undulating layer. The automatic picking algorithm of the invention is adopted to pick the layer, and the picking result is shown as black dots in fig. 4. It can be seen from the figure that the data signal-to-noise ratio is higher and the pick-up is simpler, although there are different horizons in the profile.
To further verify the performance of the automatic pick-up method, gaussian noise and random noise were added on the basis of the seismic profile shown in fig. 3, and as a result, the horizon pick-up test was performed again as shown in fig. 5. The formula for gaussian noise satisfaction is:
(12)
wherein ,for the original effective signal, < >>And T is the number of longitudinal sampling points of the seismic section.
The formula satisfied by random noise is:
(13)
wherein ,is normally distributed random noise, delta is relative error level, +.>A normal distribution random number with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1.
The seismic profile to which white gaussian noise and random noise are added is shown in fig. 5, and the seismic profile becomes very blurred due to the influence of noise. The event of the seismic profile is picked up using an automatic pick-up method, resulting in the results shown in fig. 6, with the black dots representing the picked up event.
From the picking result, the method provided by the invention can overcome the influence of noise to realize automatic tracking of the horizon, and the picked-up phase axis is generally the same as the stratum shape trend, but the local jitter can also occur. This is because the seismic profile is affected by noise, the shape of the event is randomly dithered in the longitudinal direction, and the position of the peak changes.
Example two
In order to perform a corresponding method of the above embodiment to achieve the corresponding functions and technical effects, an automatic pick-up system for a phase shaft is provided below, the system includes:
and the acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic data.
The first calculation module is used for calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data.
And the second calculation module is used for determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency.
And the rule sequence determining module is used for sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel by applying binning according to a set sampling interval to obtain a rule instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence. The regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is an expression regarding a difference between an actual time position corresponding to each data in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence and a time position of a set sampling interval.
And the in-phase axis determining module is used for determining the in-phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
Example III
The embodiment of the invention provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the method for automatically picking up the same phase axis in the first embodiment.
Alternatively, the electronic device may be a server.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program realizes the method for automatically picking up the same phase axis in the first embodiment when being executed by a processor.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic picking method for a same phase shaft, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring seismic data;
calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data;
determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency;
specifically, the estimated value center frequency of the instantaneous frequency is as follows:
；
；
applying a short-time fourier transform to the seismic data to obtain:
；
the travel time in the time-frequency domain is:
；
and obtaining the instantaneous travel time characteristic according to the estimated value center frequency of the instantaneous frequency and travel time in a time-frequency domain, wherein the instantaneous travel time characteristic is expressed as:
；
according to the instantaneous travel time characteristics, an instantaneous amplitude sequence is obtained as follows:
；
according to the travel time, the instantaneous travel time characteristics and the instantaneous amplitude sequence in the time-frequency domain, the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is obtained as follows:
；
wherein ,ω(t) Is thattInstant frequency of time single-channel seismic data;Afor the square matrix of the amplitude values,bis a sequence of complex amplitude differences,is the dominant frequency;λis regularized sparse constant; />Is a coarsening matrix;A(t，ω) For amplitude +.>Is the phase; im represents the imaginary part; />Is frequency domain seismic data; />Derivative of frequency domain seismic data; />Is a transient travel time characteristic;is a sequence of instantaneous amplitudes; />Is an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; y and x are horizontal spatial position coordinates, t represents time;u(y,x,t) Is seismic data; />；
Sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequences of all seismic channels by applying binning according to a set sampling interval to obtain a regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence;
and determining the same phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
2. The method for automatically picking up an event according to claim 1, wherein calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic trace from each seismic trace data in the seismic data comprises:
according to the seismic data, hilbert transformation is applied to construct complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel;
and calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the complex seismic channel data of each seismic channel.
3. The method for automatically picking up an in-phase axis according to claim 1, wherein the determining an in-phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence specifically comprises:
according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm is applied, and the distance between the seismic data of each two adjacent seismic channels is calculated, so that the accumulated distance of all the seismic channels is obtained;
and performing recursive backtracking search on the accumulated distances of all the seismic traces by using a backtracking search method to obtain the same-phase axis.
4. The method for automatically picking up the same phase axis according to claim 3, wherein according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence, a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm is applied to calculate the distance between the seismic data of each two adjacent seismic traces, and the cumulative distance of all the seismic traces is obtained, which comprises:
setting a constraint window position of the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic trace according to the seismic horizon position in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence;
calculating the distance between the seismic data of two adjacent seismic channels in the constraint window position by applying a sliding window dynamic matching algorithm to obtain a single seismic channel distance;
and counting the single seismic channel distance to obtain the accumulated distance of all seismic channels.
5. An on-axis automatic pick-up system, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic data;
the first calculation module is used for calculating the instantaneous frequency of each seismic channel according to the data of each seismic channel in the seismic data;
the second calculation module is used for determining an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of each seismic channel according to the seismic data and the instantaneous frequency;
specifically, the estimated value center frequency of the instantaneous frequency is as follows:
；
；
applying a short-time fourier transform to the seismic data to obtain:
；
the travel time in the time-frequency domain is:
；
and obtaining the instantaneous travel time characteristic according to the estimated value center frequency of the instantaneous frequency and travel time in a time-frequency domain, wherein the instantaneous travel time characteristic is expressed as:
；
according to the instantaneous travel time characteristics, an instantaneous amplitude sequence is obtained as follows:
；
according to the travel time, the instantaneous travel time characteristics and the instantaneous amplitude sequence in the time-frequency domain, the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is obtained as follows:
；
wherein ,ω(t) Is thattInstant frequency of time single-channel seismic data;Afor the square matrix of the amplitude values,bis a sequence of complex amplitude differences,is the dominant frequency;λis regularized sparse constant; />Is a coarsening matrix;A(t，ω) For amplitude +.>Is the phase; im represents the imaginary part; />Is frequency domain seismic data; />Derivative of frequency domain seismic data; />Is a transient travel time characteristic; />Is a sequence of instantaneous amplitudes; />Is an instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; y and x are horizontal spatial position coordinates, t represents time;u(y,x,t) Is seismic data; />；
The rule sequence determining module is used for sampling the instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence of the seismic channel by applying binning according to a set sampling interval to obtain a rule instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence; the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence is an expression of a difference between an actual time position corresponding to each data in the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence and a time position of a set sampling interval;
and the in-phase axis determining module is used for determining the in-phase axis by applying a dynamic waveform matching method according to the regular instantaneous waveform amplitude sequence.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory for storing a computer program and a processor that runs the computer program to cause the electronic device to perform the in-phase axis automatic pickup method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the in-phase axis automatic pickup method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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