CN107956459A - Foam injection device and using method and mounting method thereof - Google Patents

Foam injection device and using method and mounting method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107956459A
CN107956459A CN201610909452.0A CN201610909452A CN107956459A CN 107956459 A CN107956459 A CN 107956459A CN 201610909452 A CN201610909452 A CN 201610909452A CN 107956459 A CN107956459 A CN 107956459A
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China
Prior art keywords
foam
air inlet
oil pipe
pipe
inlet pipe
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Granted
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CN201610909452.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107956459B (en
Inventor
秦忠海
谢刚
巨登峰
张伟
杜清珍
闫海俊
魏丽丽
苏娜
谢娟
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a foam injection device and a using method and an installation method thereof, and belongs to the field of foam flooding in the petroleum industry. The device comprises: the oil pipe, the air inlet pipe located inside the oil pipe, the annular space formed between the inner wall of the oil pipe and the air inlet pipe, the liquid inlet communicated with the oil pipe, the foam generator connected to the lower portion of the air inlet pipe and the coupling connected to the lower portion of the foam generator. The using method comprises the following steps: air is injected into the inlet manifold and frother liquid is injected into the annular space. The installation method comprises the following steps: and sequentially connecting the foam generator and the coupling to the air inlet pipe, and putting the air inlet pipe and the connecting piece thereof into the oil pipe. According to the invention, air and the foaming agent are injected in two different channels, so that the problems of uneven foam distribution and severe cavitation on an oil pipe column are solved, and the crude oil recovery rate is improved.

Description

A kind of foam injection device and its application method and installation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum industry foam flooding field, more particularly to a kind of foam injection device and its application method and peace Dress method.
Background technology
Petroleum industry foam flooding and foam block up tune, are rheological characteristic and low-density using foam uniqueness, realize effective displacement of reservoir oil It is to improve effect of reservoir development, improve height so as to improve the oil production and recovery ratio of individual well and whole oil reservoir with regulated macroporous road One of technological means of aqueous oil deposil erude petroleum recovery ratio.Therefore, how to be preferably to realize foam flooding by foam injection stratum The important prerequisite of effect.
Foam injection device of the prior art is mainly air-tightness oil pipe, and foam injection technology mainly has two kinds:One Kind it is that after air, each free power-equipment of foaming agent converge in foam maker by independent ball-and-seat, the foam of generation is led to Cross air-tightness oil pipe and be directly injected into stratum.Another kind is that air and foaming agent solution alternately inject stratum by air-tightness oil pipe, Mix and blister on stratum.
In the implementation of the present invention, inventor has found that the prior art has at least the following problems:
The foam of generation is uneven, poor controllability, and the foam produced needs to inject stratum by air-tightness oil pipe, right Oil pipe column has serious cavitation erosion;And injection string will select expensive airtight sealed tube, add construction cost.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as prior art foam skewness, have serious cavitation erosion to oil pipe column, the present invention is implemented Example provides a kind of foam injection device and its usability methods and installation method.The technical solution is as follows:
First aspect, there is provided a kind of foam injection device, described device include:Oil pipe, the air inlet inside oil pipe Pipe, tube inner wall and the annular space formed between air inlet pipe, the inlet connected with oil pipe, the foam for being connected to air inlet pipe lower part Generator and the box cupling for being connected to foam maker lower part;
The foam maker include positioned at both ends inlet and outlet and on the foam maker wall into Fluid apertures;
The box cupling is the ring of inner hollow, its outside diameter is engaged with the pipe aperture, its internal diameter and the bubble Foam generator outside diameter is engaged;
The import of the foam maker is connected with the air inlet pipe, and the outlet of the foam maker connects with the box cupling It is logical;
The inlet opening is axially evenly distributed on foam maker wall, its quantity is two or more.
Preferably, the inlet is the import that the T-shaped three-way connection being connected on oil pipe is formed.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe is coiled tubing.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe is non junction steel pipe.
Preferably, the foam injection device further includes air inlet tube injection head.
Preferably, the air inlet tube injection head is coiled tubing injection head.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe is connected with the foam maker by tool connector.
Preferably, the length of the foam maker is 0.8-1.2m.
Preferably, the inlet opening aperture on the foam maker wall is 1-3cm.
Preferably, the foam maker is connected through a screw thread with the box cupling.
Preferably, the oil pipe lower part connection horn mouth.
Preferably, there are sealing ring and the o-ring groove positioned at sealing ring lower potion in the box cupling.
Second aspect, there is provided a kind of application method of foam injection device described above, the described method includes:By sky Gas injects air inlet pipe, and it is empty that foaming agent liquid is injected between oil pipe and air inlet pipe to the annular formed by the inlet on oil pipe Between.The flow of the injection air is more than the flow of injection foaming agent liquid.
Preferably, the pressure of the injection air is less than the pressure of injection foaming agent liquid.
Preferably, the air injects air inlet pipe by air compressor.
Preferably, the foaming agent is surfactant.
The third aspect, there is provided a kind of installation method of foam injection device described above, the described method includes:First will Oil pipe is reduced to predetermined stratum, and then T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector and air inlet tube injection head are connected on well head four-way;Then Air compressor is connected to air inlet pipe joint;Then foam maker and box cupling are consecutively connected in air inlet pipe, and will Air inlet pipe and its connector is lowered into oil pipe.
Preferably, before oil pipe is reduced to predetermined stratum, former well casing column is taken out in lifting, and pressure testing inspection is carried out to oil pipe Test.
Preferably, oil pipe is reduced at its topmost 2-5 meters of horn mouth preset distance stratum.
Preferably, after T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector is connected on well head four-way, to T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector into Liquid mouth carries out pressure testing, is not leaked for qualification with not piercing.
Preferably, air inlet pipe is lowered into oil pipe makes box cupling be reduced on oil pipe horn mouth at 5 meters.
The beneficial effect that technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is:
By using oil pipe and the air inlet pipe inside oil pipe by air and foaming agent liquid be divided into two it is different logical Road injects so that foam improves the performance for injecting foam from the influence of tubing string shear action;Meanwhile foaming agent liquid leads to Equally distributed hole on foam maker to be crossed to enter in foam bubbler so that it is uniform with the foam that air produces, so that Improve oil recovery factor;Also, foam produces in foam maker, reduce cavitation effect of the foam to oil pipe column;This Invention use air inlet pipe be non junction steel pipe, it is ensured that gas in pit shaft in will not reveal, improve construction safety;This Invention reduces construction cost using plain tubing.
Brief description of the drawings
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other can also be obtained according to these attached drawings Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is foam injection device structure diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of foam maker in foam injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, it is as follows to each label declaration in attached drawing:
1st, air inlet pipe;2nd, air inlet tube injection head;3rd, T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector;31st, inlet;4th, well head four-way;5th, cover Pipe;6th, oil pipe;7th, tool connector;8th, foam maker;81st, import;82nd, inlet opening;83rd, export;9th, box cupling;10th, loudspeaker Mouthful;X, annular space.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention Formula is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is foam injection device structure diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.It includes:Oil pipe 6, Air inlet pipe 1,6 inner wall of oil pipe and the annular space X formed between air inlet pipe 1, the inlet connected with oil pipe inside oil pipe 31st, it is connected to the foam maker 8 of 1 lower part of air inlet pipe and is connected to the box cupling 9 of 8 lower part of foam maker;Wherein, the bubble Foam generator 8 includes the import 81 and outlet 83 and the inlet opening 82 on 8 wall of foam maker positioned at both ends;Its In, box cupling 9 is the ring of inner hollow, its outside diameter is engaged with 6 internal diameter of oil pipe, its internal diameter and the foam maker 8 outside diameters are engaged;Wherein, the import 81 of the foam maker 8 is connected with the air inlet pipe 1, and the foam maker 8 goes out Mouth 83 is connected with the box cupling 9.
By injecting air into the air inlet pipe 1 being located inside oil pipe, air enters along air inlet pipe 1 to be steeped the embodiment of the present invention Foam generator 8, injects between 6 inner wall of oil pipe and air inlet pipe 1 what is formed by foaming agent liquid by the inlet 31 on oil pipe Annular space X, then foaming agent liquid foam maker 8 is entered by inlet opening 82 on 8 wall of foam maker, air passes through Contacted during foam maker 8 with entering the foaming agent liquid of foam maker 8, the flow for injecting air is more than injection foaming agent liquid The flow of body, the mobilization force of air makes it produce foam in foam maker with foaming agent liquid, in the air subsequently entered Impetus under, the foam of generation enters the box cupling 9 being connected with foam maker, then the horn mouth by 6 lower part of oil pipe 10 and inject into well.Injected it is achieved thereby that air and bubbler liquid are divided into two different passages so that foam from The influence of tubing string shear action, improves the performance of injection foam;And foam is produced in foam maker, is reduced Cavitation effect of the foam to oil pipe column.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that need to meet that the internal diameter of oil pipe 6 is more than the outside diameter ability shape of air inlet pipe 1 Into the annular space X in embodiments thereof described above, correspondingly, being also required to meet that the internal diameter of oil pipe 6 is more than the outer of foam maker 8 Footpath.This is the common knowledge of this area, and the embodiment of the present invention is not elaborated herein.
In embodiment described above, the air injects air inlet pipe 1 by air compressor, and the injection is empty The pressure of gas is less than the pressure of injection foaming agent liquid.So that foaming agent liquid is more than air to the pressure of 8 wall of foam maker To the pressure of 8 wall of foam maker, sent out so that foaming agent liquid can enter foam by the inlet opening 82 on foam maker 8 Raw device 8, and air is easily detected by the hole and flows out foam maker 8, so that air is sent out with foaming agent liquid in foam Foam is produced in raw device 8.
The foaming agent is surfactant, is preferably neopelex, foaming agent concentration is preferably its quality Percentage is 0.3-1.0%, and the foam volume under this concentration is 5.0-5.3 times of original solution volume, half foam life period 75- 90min。
In embodiment described above, foam injection device further includes air inlet tube injection head 2, and air inlet tube injection head 2 is logical Flanged joint is crossed to well head four-way 4, so that 1 and its connector of air inlet pipe can be reduced by air inlet tube injection head 2 Enter in well.The inlet 31 is the import that the T-shaped three-way connection being connected on oil pipe 6 is formed, and is connected by flange It is connected on well head four-way 4 so that foaming agent liquid injects oily cylinder by inlet 31.
The air inlet pipe 1 be preferably coiled tubing, more preferably non junction steel pipe, it is ensured that gas in pit shaft in not It can reveal, improve construction safety.
The air inlet pipe 1 can be connected with the foam maker 8 by tool connector 7.The embodiment of the present invention is not to work Tool connector 7 makes specific restriction, for example, air inlet pipe 1 can also pass through silk with foam maker 8 by flanged joint Button connection.
The foam maker 8 can be connected through a screw thread with the box cupling 9, and the box cupling 9 is the ring of inner hollow, Its outside diameter is engaged with 6 internal diameter of oil pipe, its internal diameter is engaged with 8 outside diameter of foam maker, and in the box cupling 9 There are sealing ring and the o-ring groove positioned at sealing ring lower potion, foaming agent liquid can be isolated in annular space X, ensured Infusion liquid will not be flowed into well by box cupling 9, so that foaming agent liquid can only pass through foam maker 8 and air shape It could enter box cupling 9 after into foam to enter back into well.
In embodiment described above, the length of the foam maker 8 is preferably 0.8-1.2m, but the present invention is implemented Example does not make specific restriction to the length of foam maker 8, but if its length is long, foam can be more in moving process It is subject to the resistance from 8 tube wall of foam maker.
In embodiment described above, the inlet opening 82 is axial to be evenly distributed on 8 wall of foam maker, its quantity For two or more so that the generation of foam is evenly.As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is foam injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention The structure diagram of middle foam maker, the embodiment of the present invention are all uniformly covered with feed liquor with axial on 8 wall of foam maker, radial direction Exemplified by hole 82, and 82 aperture of inlet opening on 8 wall of the foam maker is 1-3cm.But not device to hole of the embodiment of the present invention Any specific restriction is made in quantity, shape, arrangement.
The embodiment of the present invention is installed and practical application:
Certain well group shares 6 mouthfuls of oil well, 1 mouthful of water injection well, the well group Produced Liquid moisture content 95.4%, day oil-producing 4.53t, water logging Seriously, payzone oil recovery is 15.6%.Think that the well group also has larger remaining Exploitation Potential, which is carried out Gas bubble blocks up tune construction.
Former well casing column is taken out in lifting, the oil pipe 6 of pressure testing qualification is reduced to predetermined stratum from casing 5,6 lower part of oil pipe is Horn mouth 10, horn mouth 10 away from this layer of topmost 5m at.
T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector 3 and air inlet tube injection head 2 are connected on well head four-way 4 by flange;To T-shaped high pressure The inlet 31 of three-way connection 3 carries out pressure testing, is not leaked for qualification with not piercing;Air compressor is connected to 1 joint of air inlet pipe; Foam maker 8 is threaded into box cupling 9, foam maker 8 is connected in air inlet pipe 1 by tool connector 7, And its 1 and its connector of air inlet pipe is lowered into oil pipe with injection car, make box cupling 9 at 5 meters on oil pipe horn mouth 10.
The neopelex solution that the mass percent of situ configuration is 0.5% is injected from inlet 31, it is empty Gas is injected from air inlet pipe 1, is 4 × 10 by the volume of air flow before air compressor4m3/ d, foaming agent injection feed liquor The volume flow of mouth is 40m3/d。
The accumulative injection air 326593m of foam profile construction3, foaming agent 3592m3.After half a year is implemented in measure, which adopts The moisture content for going out liquid is 68.2%, and moisture content declines 27.2%;Day oil-producing 12.52t, improve oil recovery factor.
To sum up, the beneficial effect that technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is:
By using oil pipe and the air inlet pipe inside oil pipe by air and foaming agent liquid be divided into two it is different logical Road injects so that foam improves the performance for injecting foam from the influence of tubing string shear action;Meanwhile foaming agent liquid leads to Equally distributed hole on foam maker to be crossed to enter in foam bubbler so that it is uniform with the foam that air produces, so that Improve oil recovery factor;Also, foam produces in foam maker, reduce cavitation effect of the foam to oil pipe column;This Invention use air inlet pipe be non junction steel pipe, it is ensured that gas in pit shaft in will not reveal, improve construction safety;This Invention reduces construction cost using plain tubing.
Above-mentioned all optional technical solutions, can use any combination to form the alternative embodiment of the disclosure, herein no longer Repeat one by one.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (21)

1. a kind of foam injection device, it is characterised in that described device includes:Oil pipe (6), the air inlet pipe inside oil pipe (1), the annular space (X) that is formed between oil pipe (6) inner wall and air inlet pipe (1), the inlet (31) connected with oil pipe, be connected into The foam maker (8) of tracheae (1) lower part and the box cupling (9) for being connected to foam maker (8) lower part;
The foam maker (8) is included positioned at the import (81) and outlet (83) at both ends and positioned at the foam maker (8) inlet opening on wall (82);
The box cupling (9) is the ring of inner hollow, its outside diameter is engaged with the oil pipe (6) internal diameter, its internal diameter with it is described Foam maker (8) outside diameter is engaged;
The import (81) of the foam maker (8) is connected with the air inlet pipe (1), the outlet of the foam maker (8) (83) connected with the box cupling (9);
The inlet opening (82) is axially evenly distributed on foam maker (8) wall, its quantity is two or more.
2. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inlet (31) is to be connected to oil pipe (6) import that the T-shaped three-way connection on is formed.
3. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the air inlet pipe (1) is coiled tubing.
4. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the air inlet pipe (1) is non junction steel pipe.
5. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it further includes air inlet tube injection head (2).
6. foam injection device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the air inlet tube injection head (2) is continuous oil Tube injection head.
7. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the air inlet pipe (1) occurs with the foam Device (8) is connected by tool connector (7).
8. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of the foam maker (8) is 0.8-1.2m。
9. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feed liquor on foam maker (8) wall Hole (82) aperture is 1-3cm.
10. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the foam maker (8) and the box cupling (9) it is connected through a screw thread.
11. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that oil pipe (6) lower part connects horn mouth (10)。
12. foam injection device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that have sealing ring in the box cupling (9) and be located at The o-ring groove of sealing ring lower potion.
A kind of 13. application method of claim 1-13 any one of them foam injection devices, it is characterised in that the method Including:Inject air into air inlet pipe (1), by foaming agent liquid by inlet (31) on oil pipe inject oil pipe (6) with The annular space (X) formed between air inlet pipe (1).
14. application method according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the pressure of the injection air is less than injection and blisters The pressure of agent liquid.
15. application method according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the air injects air inlet by air compressor Manage (1).
16. application method according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the foaming agent is surfactant.
A kind of 17. installation method of claim 1-13 any one of them foam injection devices, it is characterised in that the method Including:Oil pipe (6) is first reduced to predetermined stratum, then by T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector (3) and air inlet tube injection head (2) even It is connected on well head four-way (4);Then air compressor is connected to air inlet pipe (1) joint;Then by foam maker (8) and Box cupling (9) is consecutively connected in air inlet pipe (1), and air inlet pipe (1) and its connector is lowered into oil pipe (6).
18. installation method according to claim 18, it is characterised in that before oil pipe (6) is reduced to predetermined stratum, Former well casing column is taken out in lifting, and pressure testing inspection is carried out to oil pipe (6).
19. installation method according to claim 18, it is characterised in that by oil pipe (6) be reduced to its horn mouth (10) away from At predetermined 2-5 meters of stratum topmost.
20. installation method according to claim 18, it is characterised in that T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector (3) is being connected to well After on mouth four-way (4), pressure testing is carried out to the inlet (31) of T-shaped Highpressure Tee connector (3), is not leaked for qualification with not piercing.
21. installation method according to claim 18, it is characterised in that air inlet pipe (1), which is lowered into oil pipe (6), to be made Box cupling (9) is reduced at upper 5 meters of oil pipe (6) horn mouth (10).
CN201610909452.0A 2016-10-18 2016-10-18 Foam injection device and using method and mounting method thereof Active CN107956459B (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109252838A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-22 西南石油大学 A kind of U-shaped foam ring generating device and method
CN110259420A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-20 东北石油大学 Dropping in and taking off type underground foam maker
CN112108028A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Bottom hole shearing foaming device for foam combined flooding
CN113484192A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-10-08 广汉市福客科技有限公司 Evaluation device and evaluation method of sinking type delayed foaming agent
CN113738321A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-03 西南石油大学 Foam generating device for high-temperature-resistant high-pressure micro-reaction displacement experiment
US11846154B2 (en) 2020-12-11 2023-12-19 Heartland Revitalization Services Inc. Portable foam injection system
CN118391004A (en) * 2024-05-29 2024-07-26 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 Foam injection device for crude oil recovery

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CN102747996A (en) * 2012-07-30 2012-10-24 大庆航天三沃新技术产业有限责任公司 Carbon dioxide foam injecting device of oil well
US20140360733A1 (en) * 2012-01-25 2014-12-11 The University Of Tulsa Controlled Geyser Well
CN105275445A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-27 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 Concentric pipe type foam generator

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CN202165067U (en) * 2011-08-10 2012-03-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Air foam flooding well bottom foaming process pipe column
US20140360733A1 (en) * 2012-01-25 2014-12-11 The University Of Tulsa Controlled Geyser Well
CN102747996A (en) * 2012-07-30 2012-10-24 大庆航天三沃新技术产业有限责任公司 Carbon dioxide foam injecting device of oil well
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109252838A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-22 西南石油大学 A kind of U-shaped foam ring generating device and method
CN110259420A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-20 东北石油大学 Dropping in and taking off type underground foam maker
CN110259420B (en) * 2019-06-18 2023-12-19 东北石油大学 Can throw and drag for formula foam generator in pit
CN112108028A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Bottom hole shearing foaming device for foam combined flooding
US11846154B2 (en) 2020-12-11 2023-12-19 Heartland Revitalization Services Inc. Portable foam injection system
CN113738321A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-03 西南石油大学 Foam generating device for high-temperature-resistant high-pressure micro-reaction displacement experiment
CN113484192A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-10-08 广汉市福客科技有限公司 Evaluation device and evaluation method of sinking type delayed foaming agent
CN118391004A (en) * 2024-05-29 2024-07-26 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 Foam injection device for crude oil recovery
CN118391004B (en) * 2024-05-29 2024-09-24 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 Foam injection device for crude oil recovery

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