CN107953764B - 具有电动马达输入的手动变速器 - Google Patents

具有电动马达输入的手动变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107953764B
CN107953764B CN201710955163.9A CN201710955163A CN107953764B CN 107953764 B CN107953764 B CN 107953764B CN 201710955163 A CN201710955163 A CN 201710955163A CN 107953764 B CN107953764 B CN 107953764B
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gear
shaft
drive
vehicle powertrain
planetary gear
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CN107953764A (zh
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D·A·威尔顿
J·M·哈特
D·L·罗宾耐特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

车辆动力系包括具有驱动轴的发动机。手动变速器包括驱动连接至驱动轴并且包括多个输入齿轮的输入轴。主轴包括与输入齿轮接合的多个从动齿轮并且包括与差速器接合的输出齿轮。电动马达通过行星齿轮组连接至主轴上的传动齿轮。

Description

具有电动马达输入的手动变速器
技术领域
本公开涉及具有手动变速器和电动马达输入的车辆动力系。
背景技术
本节提供与本公开相关的背景信息，而未必构成现有技术。
混合动力车辆可以以仅电动驱动配置运行，其中电动马达向变速器提供驱动扭矩以对车辆提供动力，或者可以替代地以混合驱动配置运行，其中电动马达和/或内燃机中的任一者可以被接合以向变速器提供驱动扭矩。当以仅电动驱动配置运行时，内燃机必须与电动马达和变速器断开，使得电动马达不向内燃机传递扭矩。当以混合驱动配置运行时，电动马达和内燃机必须联接在一起和/或联接至变速器以在其之间传递扭矩。
变速器包括提供多个不同齿轮比的变速箱，该多个不同齿轮比用于改变从变速器到车辆的驱动轮的速度和/或扭矩输出。由于自动变速器的变矩器相关联的能量损失，手动变速器比自动变速器更有效。因此，利用手动变速器的混合动力车辆与利用自动变速器的相同混合车辆相比，可以具有更高的燃料效率。然而，当定位在驱动齿轮中时，手动变速器可旋转地固定至扭矩提供源，例如内燃机。如以上所指出的，当以混合驱动配置运行时，内燃机必须与电动马达和变速器断开。
发明内容
本节提供对本公开的大体概述，而并非其整个范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
车辆动力系包括具有驱动轴的发动机。手动变速器包括驱动连接至驱动轴并且包括多个输入齿轮的输入轴。主轴包括多个与输入齿轮接合的从动齿轮并且包括与差速器接合的输出齿轮。电动马达通过行星齿轮组连接至主轴上的传动齿轮。
通过本文所提供的描述，其他领域的应用将变得显而易见。在该概述中的描述和具体实例旨在仅用于说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文所描述的附图仅是为了对选定的实施例而并非所有可能实施方式说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
图1是具有发动机和利用电动马达输入的手动变速器的车辆动力系的示意图；
图2是包括在图1的动力系中的手动变速器的局部截面和部分视图的示意图；
图3是图2中所示的动力系的电动马达和行星齿轮组的示意图；
图4是车辆动力系的电动马达和行星齿轮组的替代例示的示意图；
图5是车辆动力系的替代电动马达和行星齿轮组的示意图；
图6是车辆动力系的替代电动马达和行星齿轮组的示意图；
在附图的所有若干视图中，对应的附图标记指示对应的部件。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图对示例实施例进行更充分地描述。
提供了示例实施例，使得本公开更透彻，并且可以向本领域技术人员充分传达其范围。阐述了许多具体细节，使得具体部件、装置以及方法的示例用来提供对本公开的实施例的透彻理解。对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，无需采用具体细节，示例实施例可以以许多不同形式体现并且也不应当被视为限制本公开的范围。在一些示例实施例中，不再对公知的过程、公知的装置结构和公知的技术进行详细描述。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定示例实施例的目的而并不旨在进行限制。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“该”可以旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文明确指出之外。术语“包括”、包含”以及“具有”是总括性的，并且因此指定存在所陈述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组。本文所述的方法步骤、过程以及操作不应被视为它们必须以所讨论或例示的特定顺序存在，除非特别标明了执行顺序。还应当理解，可以采用附加或替代的步骤。
当某元件或层被提及为“在……上”、“接合至”、“连接至”或“联接至”另一元件或层时，其可以是直接在另一元件或层上、直接接合、连接或联接至另一元件或层，或者可以存在中间元件或层。相反，当元件被提及为“直接在……上”、“直接接合至”、“直接连接至”或“直接联接至”另一元件或层时，可能并不存在中间元件或层。用于描述元件之间关系的其他词语应当以类似的方式进行解释(例如，“在……之间”相对于“直接在……之间”，“邻近于”相对于“直接邻近于”等)。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联的列出的项目的任意和全部组合。
尽管术语第一、第二、第三等在本文中可以用于描述各种元件、部件、区域、层和/或区段，这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或区段不应被这些术语限制。这些术语可以仅用于将一个元件、部件、区域、层或区段与另一区域、层或区段区分开。当在本文中使用时，诸如“第一”、“第二”以及其他数字术语的术语并不暗示序列或顺序，除非上下文明确指出之外。因此，以下所讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或区段也可以叫做第二元件、部件、区域、层或区段，而并不偏离示例实施例的教导。
空间相对术语，比如“内”、“外”、“下方”、“下面”、“下”、“上面”、“上”等，为了方便描述，在本文中可以用于描述如图中所示的一个元件或特征和其他元件或特征的关系。除了图中所描绘的方向之外，空间相对术语可以旨在涵盖使用或操作中装置的不同方向。例如，如果将附图中的装置翻转，被描述为在其他元件或特征“下面”或“下方”的元件将接着被定向为在其他元件或特征“上面”。因此，示例术语“下面”可以涵盖上面和下面两个方向。装置可以以其他方式定向(旋转90度或以其他方向)且可以相应地解释本文所用的空间相对描述语。
参考图1，车辆动力系10显示为包括发动机12，其通过启动离合器和双质量飞轮系统16驱动连接至手动变速器14。发动机可以包括起动马达17。手动变速器14包括输入轴18，其包括第一档输入齿轮20、第二档输入齿轮22、第三/第五档输入齿轮24、第四档输入齿轮26，以及第六档输入齿轮28。上主轴30设置有倒挡齿轮32，其通过倒挡空转齿轮34与第一档输入齿轮20接合。倒挡齿轮32通过同步器36选择性地可接合至上主轴30。第三档从动齿轮38设置在上主轴30上并且通过同步器40选择性可接合至其上。第四档从动齿轮42设置在上主轴30上并且通过同步器44选择性可接合至其上。上主轴30包括输出齿轮46，其可以与诸如差速器48的输出构件处于驱动接合。
下主轴50设置有第一档从动齿轮52，其与第一档输入齿轮20接合并且通过同步器54可接合至下主轴。与第二档输入齿轮22接合的第二档从动齿轮56设置在下主轴50上，并且通过同步器58选择性地可接合至其上。与第三/第五档输入齿轮24接合的第五档从动齿轮60设置在下主轴50上，并且通过同步器62选择性地可接合至其上。与第六档输入齿轮28接合的第六档从动齿轮64设置在下主轴50上，并且通过同步器66选择性地可接合至其上。下主轴50包括输出齿轮66，其可以与诸如器差速器48(在图1中显示了两次，以为了说明和输出齿轮46和66接合的目的)的输出构件处于驱动接合。
电动马达70包括驱动轴72，其通过可以包括断开特征76的齿轮连接74与输出构件48驱动接合。参考图2和图3，在电动马达70的驱动轴72和差速输出构件48之间的齿轮连接可以以行星齿轮组80的形式，该行星齿轮组80与上主轴30上的传动齿轮82接合。特别参考图3，行星齿轮组80可以包括形成在轴86上的恒星齿轮84，轴86花键联接至马达驱动轴72。恒星齿轮82与支承在行星齿轮架90上的多个行星齿轮88处于驱动接合。行星齿轮88还与固定至手动变速器14的壳体94的环形齿轮92接合。驱动齿轮96连接至行星齿轮架90并与传动齿轮82接合。传动齿轮82可旋转地连接至上主轴30并由此驱动输出齿轮46以用于驱动差速器48。马达解析器98设置在马达驱动轴72的端部上，以用于检测电动马达70的驱动轴72的旋转位置和速度。马达解析器98可以替代地设置在轴86上。
根据图4中所示的替代实施例，其中相同或相似的附图标记被用来表示相同或相似的部件，传动齿轮82可以通过同步器可拆卸地连接至上主轴30，比如双面同步器36'，其还将倒挡驱动齿轮32与上主轴30接合。当变速器正在由发动机12驱动时，可拆卸的传动齿轮82允许行星齿轮80和电动马达70与手动变速器14分离。
作为另一个实施例，如图5中所示，行星齿轮组80'的恒星齿轮84'可以整体形成在马达驱动轴72'上。
替代地，如图6中所示，行星齿轮组80'可以是多状态行星齿轮组，包括直接、空挡和低运行状态。具体地，可移动轴100可以设置有爪式离合器轮齿102a、102b，用于直接将马达驱动轴72连接至行星齿轮组80'的驱动齿轮92，以便提供直接驱动状态。可移动轴100还可以在马达驱动轴72和恒星齿轮84'之间提供驱动连接，以便通过行星齿轮组80'提供具有齿轮减速的低运行状态。可移动轴100还可以移动到将马达驱动轴72从行星齿轮组80'断开以提供空挡状态。可移动轴100的位置可以通过一对液压室104、106进行调节，液压室各自具有油输入通道108、110。液压室104、106设置在连接至可移动轴100的致动器活塞112的相对侧上。
在低档运行状态下，通过向液压室104供应液压流体，在可移动轴100上的爪式离合器齿102a、102b与马达驱动轴72和恒星齿轮82接合。在直接驱动运行状态下，通过向液压室106供应液压流体并释放到液压室104的流体压力，在可移动轴100上的爪式离合器齿102a、102b与马达驱动轴72和驱动齿轮92接合。在空挡状态下，在可移动轴100上的爪式离合器齿102b被移动到驱动之轮92和恒星齿轮82'的内部爪式离合器齿之间的中间位置。
已经为了说明和描述的目的提供了对实施例的以上描述。其意图并非是穷尽性的或者意图限制本公开。特定实施例的个别元件或特征通常并不限于该特定实施例，而是只要适用，是可交换的并且可以在选定的实施例中使用，即使并没有具体示出或描述。同样的还可以按照许多方式进行改变。此类变型不应被认为偏离了本公开的内容，而是所有此类修改旨在被包括在本公开的范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆动力系，包括：
具有驱动轴的发动机；
手动变速器，所述手动变速器具有输入轴和至少一个主轴，所述输入轴驱动连接至所述驱动轴并且包括多个输入齿轮，所述至少一个主轴包括与所述多个输入齿轮接合的多个从动齿轮且包括输出齿轮；
差速器，所述差速器与所述输出齿轮驱动接合；以及
电动马达，所述电动马达通过行星齿轮组连接至所述至少一个主轴上的传动齿轮，所述传动齿轮可拆卸地连接至所述至少一个主轴上，其中所述行星齿轮组包括可移动轴，所述可移动轴能够与所使用电动马达的马达驱动轴接合和脱离，以及能够与所述行星齿轮组的部件接合和脱离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力系，其中所述至少一个主轴包括同步器，所述同步器用于将所述传动齿轮可旋转地接合至所述至少一个主轴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆动力系，其中所述同步器是双面同步器，用于选择性地将所述传动齿轮和所述从动齿轮中的一个接合至所述至少一个主轴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力系，其中所述行星齿轮组包括直接驱动状态、低档状态和空档状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力系，其中能够与所述可移动轴接合和脱离的所述行星齿轮组的所述部件是恒星齿轮，并且所述行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架驱动连接至所述传动齿轮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力系，其中所述可移动轴被液压致动为轴向移动，以用于接合直接驱动状态、低档状态和空档状态。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力系，其中所述至少一个主轴包括第一主轴和第二主轴，所述第一主轴具有第一多个从动齿轮和与所述差速器接合的第一输出齿轮，所述第二主轴具有第二多个从动齿轮和与所述差速器接合的第二输出齿轮。
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