CN107947325B - Power supply selection circuit and power supply unit of multiple input power supply - Google Patents
Power supply selection circuit and power supply unit of multiple input power supply Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention provides a power supply selection circuit and a power supply device of a multi-input power supply, relating to the technical field of power electronics, when the voltage at the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array is lower than the preset threshold value, the voltage comparison unit arranged in the adjacent switch array controls the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array to be conducted, further providing higher input voltage for the high-potential input end of the power converter until the voltage of the input end of the switch array with lower voltage of the input end in a pair of adjacent switch arrays is higher than a preset threshold value, namely higher than the minimum working voltage of the power converter, and outputting the voltage to the high-potential input end of the power converter through the corresponding switch array, and then ensure the input voltage of power converter slightly higher than its minimum operating voltage can, avoided leading to power converter's conversion efficiency low and problem with high costs because the input voltage is high among the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of power electronics technologies, and in particular, to a power supply selection circuit and a power supply device for a multi-input power supply.
Background
In a conventional photovoltaic power generation system, MPPT (maximum power Point Tracking) control of a photovoltaic module is generally realized by a power optimizer; in order to reduce the system cost, a power optimizer is generally configured to simultaneously access a plurality of photovoltaic modules, and the connection manner of the power optimizer may be a parallel structure shown in fig. 1a or 1b, or a cascade structure shown in fig. 2a or 2 b.
For auxiliary power supply of the power optimizer, generally, power is directly taken from an input side, and then a power converter at a later stage, such as buck, flyback and the like, is matched to output a proper level to supply power to the power optimizer. In order to improve the performance and reliability of the power optimizer, the common auxiliary power supply is designed into a multi-input power supply mode in which a plurality of photovoltaic modules supply power, so that when no voltage or power is input in one path, if the photovoltaic modules are shielded, not connected or undervoltage, other photovoltaic modules can still ensure the normal work of the power optimizer, thereby ensuring the normal power generation of the photovoltaic modules and improving the benefits.
However, the above method is only suitable for the parallel structure, and for the cascade structure, since the input or output of each input power supply is not common to a reference ground, selective power supply cannot be realized. In the prior art, a method for supplying power by using a cascade structure is to supply power by using a full bus voltage, that is, the power optimizer is directly supplied with power by using a total voltage after cascade connection through a power converter, as shown in fig. 3. The method is simple, and when any one of the circuits is dead, the total voltage after the cascade connection can still ensure reliable power supply. However, this method has low power supply efficiency, because the input voltage ratio of the series power supply is high, the gain of the power converter is small, and the corresponding conversion efficiency is low. In addition, the device stress of the power converter is also high at the high input voltage, and a device with high withstand voltage needs to be selected, so that the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply and a power supply device, which are used for solving the problems of low conversion efficiency and high cost of a power supply converter caused by high input voltage in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
a power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply is used for providing input voltage of a power supply converter for a power supply device of a post-stage device of M input power supplies in a cascade structure, and comprises: n controllable switch arrays and N-1 voltage comparison units, wherein M and N are positive integers larger than 1, and N is less than or equal to M; wherein:
the input ends of the N switch arrays are respectively connected with high potential ends of different input power supplies;
the output ends of the N switch arrays are connected with the high-potential input end of the power converter;
a voltage comparison unit is respectively arranged between the adjacent switch arrays and is used for controlling the switch arrays with higher input end voltages in the adjacent switch arrays to be conducted when the input end voltage of the switch array with lower input end voltage in the adjacent switch arrays is lower than a preset threshold value; the preset threshold value is greater than or equal to the minimum working voltage of the power converter;
the initial state of the switch array with the lowest voltage of the input ends in all the switch arrays is conduction; and in the adjacent switch arrays, when the switch array with higher input end voltage is switched on, the switch array with lower input end voltage is reversely switched off or switched off.
Preferably, the voltage comparing unit includes: the first triode is connected with the first resistor and the second resistor; wherein:
the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array;
the anode of the first voltage-regulator tube is connected with the base electrode of the first triode through the first resistor;
the emitting electrode of the first triode is grounded;
the collector of the first triode is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array through the second resistor;
and the collector of the first triode is connected with the control end of the switch array with the higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch array.
Preferably, the voltage comparing unit includes: the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor and the second triode; wherein:
one end of the third resistor is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array;
the other end of the third resistor is connected with one end of the fourth resistor and the base electrode of the second triode;
the other end of the fourth resistor and the emitting electrode of the second triode are grounded;
the collector of the second triode is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array through the fifth resistor;
and the collector of the second triode is connected with the control end of the switch array with the higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch array.
Preferably, the voltage comparing unit includes: the second voltage regulator tube, the optocoupler and the sixth resistor; wherein:
the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array;
the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the optocoupler;
the output end of the optocoupler is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array through the sixth resistor;
and the output end of the optocoupler is connected with the control end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch arrays.
Preferably, the switch array with the lowest input voltage in all switch arrays comprises: a first diode;
the switch array with the highest input end voltage in all the switch arrays comprises: the third triode, the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor, the third voltage regulator tube and the first switch tube; wherein:
the base electrode of the third triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
the emitter of the third triode is grounded;
a collector electrode of the third triode is connected with the anode of the third voltage regulator tube, one end of the eighth resistor and the control end of the first switch tube through the seventh resistor;
the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing tube, the other end of the eighth resistor and the input end of the first switch tube are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the first switch tube is the output end of the corresponding switch array;
the remaining switch arrays include: the fourth triode, the ninth resistor, the tenth resistor, a fourth voltage regulator tube, a second switch tube and a second diode; wherein:
the base electrode of the fourth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitting electrode of the fourth triode is grounded;
a collector of the fourth triode is connected with the anode of the fourth voltage regulator tube, one end of the tenth resistor and the control end of the second switch tube through the ninth resistor;
the negative electrode of the fourth voltage-regulator tube, the other end of the tenth resistor and the input end of the second switch tube are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the second switching tube is connected with the anode of the second diode;
and the cathode of the second diode is the output end of the corresponding switch array.
Preferably, the third triode is replaced by a third switching tube and a fifth voltage-regulator tube; the negative electrode of the fifth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the third switching tube, and the positive electrode of the fifth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the third switching tube;
a fourth triode is replaced by a fourth switching tube and a sixth voltage-regulator tube; and the cathode of the sixth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the fourth switch tube, and the anode of the sixth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the fourth switch tube.
Preferably, the switch array with the lowest input voltage in all switch arrays comprises: a third diode;
the switch array with the highest input end voltage in all the switch arrays comprises: a fifth triode and a first relay; wherein:
the base electrode of the fifth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitter of the fifth triode is grounded;
a collector of the fifth triode is connected with one end of the coil of the first relay;
the other end of the coil of the first relay receives a power supply voltage;
one end of a normally open switch of the first relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the first relay is the output end of the corresponding switch array;
the remaining switch arrays include: the sixth triode, the second relay and the fourth diode; wherein:
the base electrode of the sixth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitting electrode of the sixth triode is grounded;
a collector of the sixth triode is connected with one end of the coil of the second relay;
the other end of the coil of the second relay receives the power supply voltage;
one end of a normally open switch of the second relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the second relay is connected with the anode of the fourth diode;
and the cathode of the fourth diode is the output end of the corresponding switch array.
Preferably, a fifth switching tube and a seventh voltage regulator tube replace the fifth triode; the negative electrode of the seventh voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the fifth switch tube, and the positive electrode of the seventh voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the fifth switch tube;
a sixth switching tube and an eighth voltage regulator tube replace the sixth triode; and the negative electrode of the eighth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the sixth switching tube, and the positive electrode of the eighth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the sixth switching tube.
A power supply device of a multi-input power supply is used for supplying power to a post-stage device of M input power supplies in a cascade structure, and comprises: the power supply selection circuit comprises a power supply converter and a power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1; wherein:
the output end of the power supply selection circuit is connected with the high-potential input end of the power supply converter;
the low potential input end of the power converter is grounded;
and the output end of the power supply converter is connected with the power supply end of the post-stage equipment.
Preferably, the power converter is a boost, buck or flyback topology.
The power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply provided by the invention has the advantages that the preset threshold value of each voltage comparison unit for voltage comparison is more than or equal to the minimum working voltage of the power converter, when the voltage of the input end of the switch array with lower voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch arrays is lower than the preset threshold value, the voltage comparison unit arranged in the adjacent switch arrays controls the switch array with higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch arrays to be conducted, so that higher input voltage is provided for the high-potential input end of the power converter, until the voltage of the input end of the switch array with lower voltage of the input end in the pair of adjacent switch arrays is higher than the preset threshold value, namely higher than the minimum working voltage of the power converter, the input voltage can be output to the high-potential input end of the power converter through the corresponding switch array, so that the input voltage, the problems of low conversion efficiency and high cost of the power converter caused by high input voltage in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a prior art multi-photovoltaic module and power optimizer in a parallel configuration;
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a prior art multi-photovoltaic module and power optimizer in another parallel configuration;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a prior art multi-PV module and power optimizer in a cascade configuration;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a prior art multi-photovoltaic module and power optimizer in another cascade configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device of a power optimizer in a cascade structure provided in the prior art;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage comparing unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of another structure of a voltage comparing unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9a is another schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9b is another schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9c is another schematic structural diagram of a power supply apparatus of a multiple-input power supply according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides a power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply, which aims to solve the problems of low conversion efficiency and high cost of a power supply converter caused by high input voltage in the prior art.
Specifically, the power supply selection circuit of the multiple input power supply is configured to provide the input voltage of the power converter for the power supply device of the subsequent stage of the M input power supplies in the cascade structure, referring to fig. 4 to 6, and the power supply selection circuit of the multiple input power supply includes: n controllable switch arrays (such as the switch array 1 and the switch array 2 … switch array N shown in FIGS. 4 to 6) and N-1 voltage comparison units (such as the voltage comparison unit 1 and the voltage comparison unit 2 … voltage comparison unit N-1 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6), wherein M and N are positive integers greater than 1, and N is less than or equal to M; wherein:
the input ends of the N switch arrays are respectively connected with high potential ends of different input power supplies;
the output ends of the N switch arrays are connected with the high potential input end of the power supply converter;
a voltage comparison unit is respectively arranged between the adjacent switch arrays and is used for controlling the switch arrays with higher input end voltages in the adjacent switch arrays to be conducted when the input end voltage of the switch array with lower input end voltage in the adjacent switch arrays is lower than a preset threshold value; the preset threshold value is greater than or equal to the minimum working voltage of the power converter;
the initial state of the switch array with the lowest voltage of the input ends in all the switch arrays is conduction; and in the adjacent switch arrays, when the switch array with higher input end voltage is switched on, the switch array with lower input end voltage is reversely switched off or switched off.
The specific working principle is as follows:
taking M as an example, referring to fig. 4, the high-potential terminal voltage of each input power supply is defined as V1 and V2 … VN in sequence, and the input power supplies are cascaded together in sequence, and the connection point is defined as O, A, B … N in sequence from low to high. Thus, the voltage at each node can be represented as VAO＝V1，VBO＝V1+V2，VNOV1+ V2+ … + VN and so on.
The output of each node is correspondingly connected with a switch array in series, which is a switch array 1 and a switch array 2 … in turn, and the switch array N has controllable conduction capability and is used for selecting whether the voltage of the node is output to a high-potential input end of the power converter.
And a voltage comparison unit is also arranged between each node and the corresponding switch array, and the corresponding relation is that the voltage comparison unit i (i is 1 … N-1) is connected with the high potential end of the input power supply i at the same stage and the control end of the switch array i +1 at the previous stage. The voltage comparison unit i is configured to determine whether the voltage of the node is smaller than a preset threshold Uthi (i is 1 to N-1), and if the voltage of the node is smaller than the preset threshold Uthi, control the upper-stage switch array i +1 to be turned on, otherwise, control the upper-stage switch array i +1 to be not operated, so that the upper-stage switch array i +1 is kept turned off. The preset threshold Uthi is usually formulated according to the minimum working voltage of the power converter, and can be higher than the voltage but cannot be lower than the voltage, otherwise, the power converter cannot work normally, and the risk of power failure occurs to the subsequent equipment; each preset threshold Uth 1-UthN-1 may be the same or different, as long as it is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage of the power converter, and is not specifically limited herein, depending on the application environment, and is within the protection scope of the present application.
The output ends of the N switch arrays are connected together to provide input voltage for the power converter. In particular, the switch array 1 may be unidirectional conducting by default, uncontrolled; for other switch arrays, when the switch array with higher voltage at the input end is switched on in the adjacent switch array, the switch array with lower voltage at the input end is reversely cut off or switched off, so that the input power supply with lower voltage can be prevented from being recharged when higher voltage is output.
The power converter is a conventional DCDC converter in the industry, such as buck, boost, Flyback, etc., and is not specifically limited herein, depending on the application environment, and is within the protection scope of the present application.
For convenience of describing the working principle of the power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply, it is assumed that the voltage of each input power supply is V, and each preset threshold Uth 1-UthN-1 is Vth. Switch array 1 is turned on by default in the forward direction and the other switch arrays are turned off. When the system is powered on, firstly, the input power supply 1 is used for supplying power by default, the output functions of other nodes are closed, and then the output voltage of the power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply is VAOV. If the input power supply 1 is under-voltage at this time, condition VAO<If Vth is established, the voltage comparison unit 1 turns on the automatic enabling switch array 2, the input power supply 2 and the input power supply 1 are cascaded and then supply power to the rear stage through the node B, and at this time, the output voltage of the power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply is VBOV1+ V2, and is apparently VBO<V + Vth. By analogy, if the voltage comparison unit 2 detectsIs also undervoltage to node B, satisfies VBO<Vth, the switch array 3 is controlled to be switched on, the input power supplies 3, 2 and 1 are cascaded and then supply power to the rear stage through a node C, and the output voltage of the power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply is VCOV1+ V2+ V3, and is apparently VCO<V + Vth. The following can be analogized in that, in short, the voltage comparison unit and the switch array work cooperatively, so that the input voltage of the power converter is always controlled within V + Vth.
The power supply selection circuit of this many input power that this embodiment provided, through above-mentioned theory of operation, can ensure that the input voltage of power converter is slightly higher than its minimum operating voltage can, can not exceed V + Vth at the utmost, be far less than the input voltage V N among the prior art, the device stress of power converter has been reduced, and then can select the power converter of low pressure, the system cost has been reduced, simultaneously, need not to select wide range power converter again, power converter's conversion efficiency has been improved, also avoided among the prior art because the input voltage is high and lead to the problem that power converter's conversion efficiency is low and with high costs.
In addition, in the power supply selection circuit of the multiple input power supply provided by this embodiment, the multiple input power supplies can supply power redundantly, that is, as long as one input power supply satisfies that the voltage is greater than Vth, or a plurality of input power supplies are connected in series and then satisfy that the cascade voltage is greater than Vth, power can be supplied to the power converter, and the reliability of power supply is improved.
The same applies to the other cascading topology shown in fig. 2b, i.e. multiple input power supplies are independent and cascaded on the output side after power conversion, and the power supply selection circuit of the multiple input power supplies. Referring to fig. 5, in the cascade system, although a plurality of input power supplies are not directly connected in series, since the output sides are connected in series, the power supply loop can still return to the lowest reference terminal O of the input power supplies through the output sides. Therefore, the working principle is the same as that described above, and is not described herein again.
Fig. 4 and 5 both show the case where M is equal to N, that is, each input power supply corresponds to one switch array, and it is needless to say that any number of consecutive input power supplies may be combined and then correspond to one switch array, as shown in fig. 6, taking a three-input-power-supply independent input and output cascade system as an example, it is assumed that the input power supplies 1 and 2 are combined and then the switch array 1 is used in common to supply power, and when switching is performed, the input power supplies 1, 2 and 3 supply power together. The situation of more input power supplies is not described herein any more, and each switch array corresponds to several consecutive input power supplies for combination, and can be freely configured according to the system requirements, and the situation is not specifically limited herein, as long as it is ensured that a voltage comparison unit is arranged between each pair of adjacent switch arrays, and all are within the protection scope of the present application.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific power supply selection circuit for a multiple-input power supply, based on the above-mentioned embodiment and fig. 4 to 6, with reference to fig. 7, taking N-M-3 as an example for illustration, where the cascade nodes are O, A, B, C respectively, and the voltage comparison unit, as shown in the voltage comparison unit 1 in fig. 7, includes: the voltage regulator comprises a first voltage regulator tube ZD1, a first triode Q1, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2; wherein:
the negative electrode of the first voltage-regulator tube ZD1 is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array;
the anode of the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected with the base of a first triode Q1 through a first resistor R1;
the emitter of the first triode Q1 is grounded;
the collector of the first triode Q1 is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array through a second resistor R2;
the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the switch array of the adjacent switch array whose input terminal has the higher voltage.
Preferably, the switch array with the lowest input voltage in all switch arrays comprises: first diode D1, as shown in switch array 1 in fig. 7.
The switch array with the highest input end voltage in all the switch arrays comprises: a third triode Q3, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a third regulator DZ3, and a first switch transistor K1, as shown in the switch array 3 in fig. 7; wherein:
the base electrode of the third triode Q3 is the control end of the corresponding switch array;
the emitter of the third triode Q3 is grounded;
a collector of the third triode Q3 is connected with the anode of the third voltage regulator tube DZ3, one end of the eighth resistor R8 and the control end of the first switch tube K1 through the seventh resistor R7;
the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing DZ3 tube, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 and the input end of the first switch tube K1 are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the first switch tube K1 is the output end of the corresponding switch array.
At this time, the remaining switch arrays include: a fourth triode Q4, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, a fourth regulator ZD4, a second switch K2, and a second diode D2, as shown in the switch array 2 in fig. 7; wherein:
the base electrode of the fourth triode Q4 is the control end of the corresponding switch array;
the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 is grounded;
a collector of the fourth triode Q4 is connected with the anode of the fourth voltage regulator ZD4, one end of a tenth resistor R10 and the control end of the second switch tube K2 through a ninth resistor R9;
the negative electrode of the fourth voltage regulator tube ZD4, the other end of the tenth resistor R10 and the input end of the second switch tube K2 are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the second switching tube K2 is connected with the anode of a second diode D2;
the cathode of the second diode D2 is the output terminal of the corresponding switch array.
Referring to fig. 7, the system comprises 3 PV module power sources PV1, PV2, PV3, 3 switch arrays, 2 voltage comparison units, and a Flyback power converter Flyback. For the voltage comparison unit 1, the voltage comparison is realized by mainly using a voltage regulator tube and a triode, and when the voltage is VAOWhen the breakdown voltage of the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 is higher, the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 is broken down, the current flows into the base electrode of the first triode Q1, the first triode Q1 is conducted, otherwise, the first triode is conductedQ1 is off. The switch array 2 mainly comprises a switch tube and a diode; when the first transistor Q1 is turned on, the fourth transistor Q4 is turned off, the second switch transistor K2 and the second diode D2 are both turned off, and the voltage V at the node BBOThe output cannot be performed; the voltage output to the high-potential input end of the Flyback power converter is still the voltage V of the node AAO(ii) a When the first transistor Q1 is turned off, the fourth transistor Q4 is turned on, the second switch transistor K2 and the second diode D2 are both turned on, and the voltage V at the node B isBOAnd outputting the voltage to a high-potential input end of a Flyback power converter. Similarly, the voltage comparison unit 2 and the voltage comparison unit 1 work on the same principle. For the switch array 1, the default is unidirectional conduction, so that the switch array can be realized by using one diode; the switch array 3, which is identical to the array 2, can omit the diode on the output side because the output side does not have the voltage higher than the total bus, and the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 can prevent the high voltage on the respective output sides from flowing back to the corresponding input sides.
Given that the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV is constantly changing under the influence of illumination and power, assuming that each voltage variation range is between 0-40V, and the minimum operating voltage of the flyback power converter is 7V, the preset threshold of the voltage comparison unit can be set at 8V, and according to the above logic, the output conditions under different states of each PV can be obtained as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 output in different states of each PV
As can be seen from Table 1, when 3 PVs supply power, the total bus is changed between 8V and 120V, and the output can be controlled between 8V and 48V through the power supply selection circuit of the multi-input power supply, so that the working performance of the power supply converter is effectively improved.
It should be noted that, for the comparing unit, the specific implementation form thereof can also be as shown in fig. 8a, and includes: a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5 and a second transistor Q2; the following description will be made by taking the voltage comparison unit 2 in fig. 7 as an example:
one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the input terminal (e.g., node B in fig. 7) of the switch array with the lower input terminal voltage in the adjacent switch array, and receives the voltage VBO；
The other end of the third resistor R3 is connected with one end of the fourth resistor R4 and the base of the second triode Q2;
the other end of the fourth resistor R4 and the emitter of the second triode Q2 are grounded;
the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the input terminal of the switch array with the higher voltage (e.g., node C in fig. 7) of the adjacent switch array via a fifth resistor R5, and receives the voltage VCO；
The collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch array with the higher input voltage in the adjacent switch array.
As shown in fig. 8b, the voltage comparing unit may further include: a second voltage regulator ZD2, an optical coupler and a sixth resistor R6; the following description will also be made by taking as an example a case in place of the voltage comparison unit 2 in fig. 7:
the cathode of the second zener diode ZD2 is connected to the input terminal (e.g., node B in fig. 7) of the switch array with the lower input terminal voltage in the adjacent switch array, and receives the voltage VBO；
The anode of the second voltage-regulator tube ZD2 is connected with the input end of the optocoupler;
the output end of the optical coupler is connected with the input end (such as node C in figure 7) of the switch array with the higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array through a sixth resistor R6 to receive the voltage VCO；
The output end of the optical coupler is connected with the control end of the switch array with the higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch array.
In addition, for the switch arrays 2 and 3, referring to fig. 9a, a third transistor K3 and a fifth voltage regulator ZD5 may also be used instead of the third transistor Q3 in the switch array 3 of fig. 7; the negative electrode of the fifth voltage-regulator tube ZD5 is connected with the control end of the third switch tube K3, and the positive electrode of the fifth voltage-regulator tube ZD5 is connected with the output end of the third switch tube K3; a fourth switching tube K3 and a sixth voltage regulator tube ZD6 are adopted to replace a fourth triode Q4 in the switch array 2 in fig. 7; the cathode of a sixth voltage-regulator tube ZD6 is connected with the control end of a fourth switch tube K4, and the anode of the sixth voltage-regulator tube ZD6 is connected with the output end of the fourth switch tube K4; the rest of the devices in each switch array are the same as those in fig. 7, and are not described in detail here.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 9b, unlike fig. 7, the switch array with the lowest input terminal voltage among all the switch arrays, i.e., the switch array 1 in fig. 9, includes: a third diode D3;
the switch array with the highest input voltage among all switch arrays, i.e., the switch array 3 in fig. 9, includes: a fifth triode Q5 and a first relay; wherein:
the base electrode of the fifth triode Q5 is the control end of the corresponding switch array;
the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 is grounded;
the collector of the fifth triode Q5 is connected with one end of the coil of the first relay;
the other end of the coil of the first relay receives a power supply voltage Vrelay;
one end of a normally open switch of the first relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the first relay is the output end of the corresponding switch array;
the remaining switch arrays, as shown by switch array 2 in fig. 9, include: a sixth triode Q6, a second relay and a fourth diode D4; wherein:
the base electrode of the sixth triode Q6 is the control end of the corresponding switch array;
the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 is grounded;
the collector of the sixth triode Q6 is connected with one end of the coil of the second relay;
the other end of the coil of the second relay receives a power supply voltage Vrelay;
one end of a normally open switch of the second relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the second relay is connected with the anode of a fourth diode D4;
the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is the output terminal of the corresponding switch array.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 9c, the fifth transistor Q5 may be replaced by a fifth switch tube K5 and a seventh regulator tube DZ 7; the negative electrode of the seventh voltage-regulator tube DZ7 is connected with the control end of the fifth switch tube K5, and the positive electrode of the seventh voltage-regulator tube DZ7 is connected with the output end of the fifth switch tube K5;
the sixth triode Q3 is replaced by a sixth switching tube K6 and an eighth voltage regulator DZ 8; the negative electrode of the eighth voltage-regulator tube DZ8 is connected with the control end of the sixth switch tube K6, and the positive electrode of the eighth voltage-regulator tube DZ8 is connected with the output end of the sixth switch tube K6.
In fig. 9b and 9c, the normally open switch of the relay is turned on or off simultaneously with the triode or the switching tube at the front stage thereof, and the specific working principle is the same as that described above, and is not described herein again. The supply voltage Vrelay may be implemented by a plurality of input power supplies in cooperation with corresponding conversion circuits, and may also be provided by an output-side load power supply, all of which are within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the circuit shown in fig. 7 is only one of the power supply selection circuits for implementing the multi-input power supply, and for the voltage comparison unit, in addition to the form shown in fig. 7 and the forms shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the voltage comparison unit may also be implemented by using a resistor to divide voltage and combine with a comparator, or may also be implemented by using TL431 in cooperation with a triode, or an optocoupler device, etc.; for the switch array, it may be in the form shown in fig. 7, fig. 9a, fig. 9B, or fig. 9C, or, based on fig. 9B and fig. 9C, taking the switch array 2 as an example for explanation, when the voltage comparing unit 2 controls the switch array 3 to be turned on, the voltage comparing unit 2 may further combine with the comparator to implement the disconnection of the supply voltage Vrelay and control the switch array 2 to be turned off, and further replace the reverse blocking function of the fourth diode D4, so as to prevent the node C from flowing back to the node B through the switch array 2 by the higher voltage output by the switch array 3; each of the switching tubes may be a MOSFET or a relay, and may be determined according to a specific application environment, and is not specifically limited herein and is within the protection scope of the present application.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a power supply apparatus for a multiple-input power supply, configured to supply power to a device in a subsequent stage of M input power supplies in a cascade structure, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, where the power supply apparatus for a multiple-input power supply includes: a power converter and a power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply as in any of the above embodiments, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1; wherein:
the output end of the power supply selection circuit is connected with the high-potential input end of the power supply converter;
the low potential input end of the power converter is grounded;
the output end of the power supply converter is connected with the power supply end of the post-stage equipment.
Preferably, the power converter is of a boost, buck or flyback topology.
The specific working principle is the same as that of the above embodiment, and is not described in detail here.
The embodiments of the invention are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. A power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply is characterized in that the power supply selection circuit is used for providing input voltage of a power supply converter for a power supply device of a post-stage device of M input power supplies in a cascade structure, and comprises: n controllable switch arrays and N-1 voltage comparison units, wherein M and N are positive integers larger than 1, and N is less than or equal to M; wherein:
the input ends of the N switch arrays are respectively connected with high potential ends of different input power supplies;
the output ends of the N switch arrays are connected with the high-potential input end of the power converter;
a voltage comparison unit is respectively arranged between the adjacent switch arrays and is used for controlling the switch arrays with higher input end voltages in the adjacent switch arrays to be conducted when the input end voltage of the switch array with lower input end voltage in the adjacent switch arrays is lower than a preset threshold value; the preset threshold value is greater than or equal to the minimum working voltage of the power converter;
the initial state of the switch array with the lowest voltage of the input ends in all the switch arrays is conduction; and in the adjacent switch arrays, when the switch array with higher input end voltage is switched on, the switch array with lower input end voltage is reversely switched off or switched off.
2. The power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply according to claim 1, wherein the voltage comparison unit comprises: the first triode is connected with the first resistor and the second resistor; wherein:
the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array;
the anode of the first voltage-regulator tube is connected with the base electrode of the first triode through the first resistor;
the emitting electrode of the first triode is grounded;
the collector of the first triode is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array through the second resistor;
and the collector of the first triode is connected with the control end of the switch array with the higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch array.
3. The power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply according to claim 1, wherein the voltage comparison unit comprises: the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor and the second triode; wherein:
one end of the third resistor is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array;
the other end of the third resistor is connected with one end of the fourth resistor and the base electrode of the second triode;
the other end of the fourth resistor and the emitting electrode of the second triode are grounded;
the collector of the second triode is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch array through the fifth resistor;
and the collector of the second triode is connected with the control end of the switch array with the higher voltage of the input end in the adjacent switch array.
4. The power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply according to claim 1, wherein the voltage comparison unit comprises: the second voltage regulator tube, the optocoupler and the sixth resistor; wherein:
the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the switch array with lower voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array;
the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the input end of the optocoupler;
the output end of the optocoupler is connected with the input end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end of the adjacent switch array through the sixth resistor;
and the output end of the optocoupler is connected with the control end of the switch array with higher voltage at the input end in the adjacent switch arrays.
5. The power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the switch array with the lowest input voltage among all the switch arrays comprises: a first diode;
the switch array with the highest input end voltage in all the switch arrays comprises: the third triode, the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor, the third voltage regulator tube and the first switch tube; wherein:
the base electrode of the third triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
the emitter of the third triode is grounded;
a collector electrode of the third triode is connected with the anode of the third voltage regulator tube, one end of the eighth resistor and the control end of the first switch tube through the seventh resistor;
the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing tube, the other end of the eighth resistor and the input end of the first switch tube are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the first switch tube is the output end of the corresponding switch array;
the remaining switch arrays include: the fourth triode, the ninth resistor, the tenth resistor, a fourth voltage regulator tube, a second switch tube and a second diode; wherein:
the base electrode of the fourth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitting electrode of the fourth triode is grounded;
a collector of the fourth triode is connected with the anode of the fourth voltage regulator tube, one end of the tenth resistor and the control end of the second switch tube through the ninth resistor;
the negative electrode of the fourth voltage-regulator tube, the other end of the tenth resistor and the input end of the second switch tube are connected, and the connection point is the input end of the corresponding switch array;
the output end of the second switching tube is connected with the anode of the second diode;
and the cathode of the second diode is the output end of the corresponding switch array.
6. The power supply selection circuit of claim 5, wherein the third transistor is replaced by a third switching tube and a fifth regulator tube; the negative electrode of the fifth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the third switching tube, and the positive electrode of the fifth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the third switching tube;
a fourth triode is replaced by a fourth switching tube and a sixth voltage-regulator tube; and the cathode of the sixth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the fourth switch tube, and the anode of the sixth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the fourth switch tube.
7. The power supply selection circuit of a multi-input power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the switch array with the lowest input voltage among all the switch arrays comprises: a third diode;
the switch array with the highest input end voltage in all the switch arrays comprises: a fifth triode and a first relay; wherein:
the base electrode of the fifth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitter of the fifth triode is grounded;
a collector of the fifth triode is connected with one end of the coil of the first relay;
the other end of the coil of the first relay receives a power supply voltage;
one end of a normally open switch of the first relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the first relay is the output end of the corresponding switch array;
the remaining switch arrays include: the sixth triode, the second relay and the fourth diode; wherein:
the base electrode of the sixth triode corresponds to the control end of the switch array;
an emitting electrode of the sixth triode is grounded;
a collector of the sixth triode is connected with one end of the coil of the second relay;
the other end of the coil of the second relay receives the power supply voltage;
one end of a normally open switch of the second relay is an input end of the corresponding switch array;
the other end of the normally open switch of the second relay is connected with the anode of the fourth diode;
and the cathode of the fourth diode is the output end of the corresponding switch array.
8. The power supply selection circuit of claim 7, wherein a fifth switching tube and a seventh regulator tube replace the fifth triode; the negative electrode of the seventh voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the fifth switch tube, and the positive electrode of the seventh voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the fifth switch tube;
a sixth switching tube and an eighth voltage regulator tube replace the sixth triode; and the negative electrode of the eighth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the control end of the sixth switching tube, and the positive electrode of the eighth voltage-stabilizing tube is connected with the output end of the sixth switching tube.
9. The power supply device of the multiple input power supply is used for supplying power to the subsequent equipment of M input power supplies under the cascade structure, and the power supply device of the multiple input power supply comprises: a power converter and a power supply selection circuit for a multiple input power supply as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, M being a positive integer greater than 1; wherein:
the output end of the power supply selection circuit is connected with the high-potential input end of the power supply converter;
the low potential input end of the power converter is grounded;
and the output end of the power supply converter is connected with the power supply end of the post-stage equipment.
10. The multiple-input power supply of claim 9, wherein the power converter is of a boost, buck or flyback topology.
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| CN112260335A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Intelligent power manager with multi-channel input and output self-adaption |
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