CN107945887A - A kind of integrated small molten salt reactor - Google Patents
A kind of integrated small molten salt reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107945887A CN107945887A CN201711137574.3A CN201711137574A CN107945887A CN 107945887 A CN107945887 A CN 107945887A CN 201711137574 A CN201711137574 A CN 201711137574A CN 107945887 A CN107945887 A CN 107945887A
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- Prior art keywords
- core vessel
- heat pipe
- molten salt
- reactor
- core
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/44—Fluid or fluent reactor fuel
- G21C3/54—Fused salt, oxide or hydroxide compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor, its reator body includes fuel salt, heat pipe, core vessel, lateral reflection layer, neutron absorber, control drum, involucrum and lower reflecting layer, wherein heat pipe and core vessel integrated design, heat pipe section is inserted into or is fully inserted into core vessel, fuel salt fills the inside of core vessel, a cavity is enclosed between core vessel and the liquid level of fuel salt, the outer wall of core vessel is enclosed equipped with lateral reflection layer, control drum is equipped with lateral reflection layer, control drum side is equipped with neutron absorber, the bottom of core vessel is equipped with lower reflecting layer, involucrum encloses the outside arranged on lateral reflection layer and lower reflecting layer.Hot pipe technique is applied in molten salt reactor by the present invention, significantly simplifies system structure, by producing Natural Circulation or free convection, realizes the long-term efficient stable transmission of heat, while improve the security reliability of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear energy uses field, and in particular to a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor.
Background technology
With the development and implementation of outer celestial body detecting plan, the mankind will face increasingly complex, severe space environment.Tradition
Space energy system can not meet mission requirements.Not affected by environment, long-life, safe and reliable nuclear energy become outside foundation
Celestial body base and the inevitable choice for developing outer celestial body resource.Consider three kinds of space based reactor types in the world at present：Heat pipe
Cool down heap-type, liquid metal cooled reactor type and gas cooling heap-type.Heat pipe cooling heap-type is reliable, convenient to be opened from freezing state
Heap, but a large amount of heat pipes, which exist, makes space pile structure complication.Liquid metal cooled reactor type since metal can freeze,
Thawing apparatus is needed during reactor start-up.Gas cooling reactor core can very easily start, but gas needs operating pressure,
Cause the quality of system and becoming larger for size.These all limit their applications in space environment.
The beginning of this century, multiple nuclear power technology advanced countries headed by the U.S. propose the forth generation nuclear reaction to face the future
Reactor project.Important heap-type of the molten salt reactor as forth generation reactor, it is big with power density using higher boiling fused salt as nuclear fuel,
The advantages that output temperature is high, and thermoelectrical efficiency is high, simple in structure, and operation is simple, safe and reliable, it is just more and more welcomed by the people.
Molten salt reactor, which is applied to space energy system, has great advantage, is outer celestial body base and the preferable energy of other survey of deep space tasks
Source.But the traditional design of existing molten salt reactor using heat exchanger by heat derives, heat exchanger be located at reactor core outside, it is necessary to by
Circulation of the liquid fused salt between reactor core and heat exchanger is realized in pump driving.This set system relies on the effective operation of pump, and structure is multiple
Miscellaneous, security reliability is poor, is unfavorable for the application in space environment.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as it is above-mentioned it is existing in the prior art it is complicated, security reliability is poor, service life is short, this
Invention provides a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor, structure is significantly simplified, and security reliability is high, can transport efficient stable for a long time
OK.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of integrated small molten salt reactor, the reator body of the integrated small molten salt reactor include fuel salt, heat pipe, reactor core
Container, lateral reflection layer, neutron absorber, control drum, involucrum and lower reflecting layer, the core vessel and described heat pipe integrated set
Meter, the heat pipe section or is entirely insertable in the core vessel, and is mutually fixed with the core vessel, the fuel salt filling
In the inside of the core vessel, a cavity, the heap are enclosed between the core vessel and the liquid level of the fuel salt
The outer wall of core container is enclosed equipped with the lateral reflection layer, and the control is equipped with the lateral reflection layer and is roused, and the control drum side is set
There is the neutron absorber, the bottom of the core vessel is equipped with the lower reflecting layer, and the involucrum is enclosed arranged on the lateral reflection
Layer and the outside in the lower reflecting layer.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the depth of the heat pipe insertion core vessel accounts for the hundred of the core vessel height
Divide than being 10%~100%.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the radical of the heat pipe is 10~1000.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the height of the cavity account for the percentage of the height of the core vessel for 5%~
20%.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the fuel salt is higher boiling fused salt, preferably villiaumite or villaumite.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the core vessel, the heat pipe, the structural material of the involucrum are high temperature corrosion-resisting
Resistance to exposed material, it is independent to be preferably Mo-Re alloys.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the working media of the heat pipe is metal, preferably lithium.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the lateral reflection layer, the lower reflecting layer and it is described control drum material for persistent erection son
Albedo material, it is independent to be preferably beryllium oxide.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the material of the neutron absorber is strong neutron absorption capability material, preferably carbon
Change boron.
In the present invention, core vessel and heat pipe integrated design, fuel salt filling core vessel, in core vessel, has
The local temperature of heat pipe cooling is lower than other places, and there are the temperature difference, produces Natural Circulation or free convection, strengthens reactor core heat-energy transducer
Power, realizes the long-term efficient stable transmission of heat, it is not necessary to fuel salt is transported in heat exchanger from reactor core using pump, so that
Structure is set significantly to simplify.The depth of heat pipe insertion core vessel can be adjusted by optimization design, the insertion depth of heat pipe
Account for that the percentage of the height of core vessel is smaller, the useful load of core vessel fused salt is bigger.
Cavity is left between the core vessel and the fuel salt liquid level, for storing the fission gas insoluble in fused salt
With compensation due to the caused fuel salt volume change of expanding with heat and contract with cold, fuel salt spilling or core vessel pressure mistake are prevented
Height, improve security of system, its specific size according to nuclear reaction power, reactor operation time and core vessel design pressure come
Determine.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can be combined, each preferably real up to the present invention
Example.
The reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive effect of the present invention is：
In molten salt reactor provided by the invention, core vessel and heat pipe integrated design, significantly simplify system structure, realize
The long-term efficient stable transmission of heat, improves system security reliability, the depth that heat pipe is inserted into core vessel can be according to reality
Border demand and situation are adjusted, and increase the useful load of core vessel fused salt, the sky between fuel salt liquid level and core vessel
Chamber further increases security of system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor cross-sectional view described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor Longitudinal cross section schematic described in embodiment 1.
In above-mentioned attached drawing, 1, fuel salt, 2, heat pipe, 3, core vessel, 4, lateral reflection layer, 5, neutron absorber, 6, control
Drum, 7, involucrum, 8, lower reflecting layer, 9, cavity.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality
Apply among a scope.The experimental method of actual conditions is not specified in the following example, according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to business
Product specification selects.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is by taking a thermal power is the integrated small molten salt reactor of 1MWt as an example.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of reactor core of integrated small molten salt reactor include fuel salt 1, heat pipe 2, core vessel 3,
Lateral reflection layer 4, neutron absorber 5, control drum 6, involucrum 7 and lower reflecting layer 8.3 integrated design of heat pipe 2 and core vessel, heat
In 2 partial insertion core vessel 3 of pipe, and fixed with 3 phase of core vessel, fuel salt 1 fills the inside of core vessel 3, and reactor core holds
A cavity 9 is enclosed between the liquid level of device 3 and fuel salt 1, the outer wall of core vessel 3 is enclosed equipped with lateral reflection layer 4, lateral reflection layer
Control drum 6 is equipped with 4, control drum 6 is equipped with neutron absorber 5 close to the side of core vessel 3, and the bottom of core vessel 3 is equipped with
Lower reflecting layer 8, involucrum 7 enclose the outside arranged on lateral reflection layer 4 and lower reflecting layer 8.
The present embodiment uses 210 heat pipes altogether, and the depth of the insertion core vessel 3 of heat pipe 2 accounts for the percentage of 3 height of core vessel
Than for 50%.
Fuel salt 1 is LiF-UF4, the material of heat pipe 2 is Mo-Re alloys, and working media is lithium, lateral reflection layer 4 and lower anti-
It is beryllium oxide to penetrate layer 8 and control the material of drum 6, and the material of neutron absorber 5 is the material of boron carbide, core vessel 3 and involucrum 7
Expect that for Mo-Re alloys, 3 interior diameter of core vessel be 39cm, internal height 60cm, the height of cavity 9 is 10cm.
The course of work of above-mentioned integration molten salt reactor is as follows：
Control drum 6 is rotated, makes neutron absorber 5 molten salt reactor is reached critical, and keep certain heat away from fuel salt 1
Power operation；Fuel salt 1 is heated, and makes its fusing；After fuel salt 1 melts, control drum 6 is rotated, slowly liter thermal power to 1MWt,
Fuel salt 1 is set to establish Natural Circulation or free convection there are the temperature difference；Finally, the heat that heat pipe is taken out of matches with reactor core heat production,
Reactor stable operation.Through MCNP and ORIGEN coupled simulations, after which runs 10 years under full power 1MWt, reactor core remains
It is remaining reactivity be 1.003, built-in reactivity be more than 1, show that reactor can also be run, thus the molten salt reactor can run 10 years with
On.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of integrated small molten salt reactor, it is characterised in that the reator body of the integrated small molten salt reactor includes fuel salt
(1), heat pipe (2), core vessel (3), lateral reflection layer (4), neutron absorber (5), control drum (6), involucrum (7) and lower reflecting layer
(8), the heat pipe (2) and the core vessel (3) integrated design, heat pipe (2) partial insertion or are fully inserted into the heap
In core container (3), the fuel salt (1) fills the inside of the core vessel (3), the core vessel (3) and the fuel
A cavity (9) is enclosed between the liquid level of salt (1), the outer wall of the core vessel (3) is enclosed equipped with the lateral reflection layer (4),
The control drum (6) is equipped with the lateral reflection layer (4), described control drum (6) side is equipped with the neutron absorber (5), institute
The bottom for stating core vessel (3) is equipped with the lower reflecting layer (8), and the involucrum (7) is enclosed arranged on the lateral reflection layer (4) and described
The outside of lower reflecting layer (8).
2. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat pipe (2) is inserted into the reactor core and is held
The percentage that the depth of device (3) accounts for the core vessel (3) height is 10%~100%.
3. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the radical of the heat pipe (2) for 10~
1000。
4. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the height of the cavity (9) accounts for the heap
The percentage of the height of core container (3) is 5%~20%.
5. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fuel salt (1) is higher boiling fused salt.
6. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the higher boiling fused salt is villiaumite or chlorine
Salt.
7. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat pipe (2), the core vessel
(3), the structural material of the involucrum (7) is the resistance to exposed material of high temperature corrosion-resisting；
And/or the working media of the heat pipe (2) is metal.
8. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the heat pipe (2), the core vessel
(3), the structural material of the involucrum (7) is Mo-Re alloys；
And/or the working media of the heat pipe (2) is lithium.
9. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the lateral reflection layer (4), the lower reflection
Layer (8) and the material for controlling bulging (6) are the sub- albedo material of persistent erection；
And/or the neutron absorber (5) is strong neutron absorption capability material.
10. integrated small molten salt reactor as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the lateral reflection layer (4), described lower anti-
Penetrate layer (8) and it is described control drum (6) material be beryllium oxide；
And/or the material of the neutron absorber (5) is boron carbide.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108511088A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Deuterium oxide moderated molten salt reactor reactor core and deuterium oxide moderated fused salt shut-down system |
| CN108806805A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | A kind of pool molten salt reactor and its operation method |
| CN109192329A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of heat pipe type double mode nuclear reactor for space reactor core |
| CN109801723A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of liquid fuel heat pipe reactor |
| CN110310747A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of chrome coating molten salt reactor can be realized Redundant Control |
| CN110945600A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-03-31 | 俄罗斯联邦国家科学中心-以A·I·利普斯基命名的物理和动力工程研究所股份公司 | Nuclear reactor core |
| FR3086789A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | MOLTEN SALT NUCLEAR REACTOR |
| CN111081393A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Integrated solid reactor core structure adopting heat pipe and fuel rod |
| CN111627571A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Liquid fuel molten salt reactor using graphite nodules as moderator and graphite nodule replacement method |
| CN112002441A (en) * | 2019-05-11 | 2020-11-27 | 中山大学 | Rotary control drum with inherent safety feature |
| CN112133457A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Autonomous operating mechanism of space nuclear reactor |
| CN112992389A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Molten salt fast reactor |
| CN113241200A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Fuel salt loop system and operation method |
| CN113936820A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Molten salt reactor core and molten salt reactor system |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110945600A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-03-31 | 俄罗斯联邦国家科学中心-以A·I·利普斯基命名的物理和动力工程研究所股份公司 | Nuclear reactor core |
| CN108806805A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | A kind of pool molten salt reactor and its operation method |
| CN108806805B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Pool type molten salt reactor and operation method thereof |
| CN108511088A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Deuterium oxide moderated molten salt reactor reactor core and deuterium oxide moderated fused salt shut-down system |
| CN108511088B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2023-07-28 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Heavy water moderated molten salt reactor core and heavy water moderated molten salt reactor system |
| FR3086789A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | MOLTEN SALT NUCLEAR REACTOR |
| CN109192329A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of heat pipe type double mode nuclear reactor for space reactor core |
| CN109192329B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2024-05-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Heat pipe type dual-mode space nuclear reactor core |
| CN109801723A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of liquid fuel heat pipe reactor |
| CN112002441A (en) * | 2019-05-11 | 2020-11-27 | 中山大学 | Rotary control drum with inherent safety feature |
| CN112002441B (en) * | 2019-05-11 | 2023-02-28 | 中山大学 | Rotary control drum with inherent safety feature |
| CN110310747B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Chromium coating molten salt reactor capable of realizing redundant control |
| CN110310747A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of chrome coating molten salt reactor can be realized Redundant Control |
| CN111081393B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Integrated solid reactor core structure adopting heat pipe and fuel rod |
| CN111081393A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Integrated solid reactor core structure adopting heat pipe and fuel rod |
| CN111627571A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Liquid fuel molten salt reactor using graphite nodules as moderator and graphite nodule replacement method |
| CN112133457A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Autonomous operating mechanism of space nuclear reactor |
| CN112133457B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2023-01-06 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Autonomous operating mechanism of space nuclear reactor |
| CN112992389A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Molten salt fast reactor |
| CN113241200A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Fuel salt loop system and operation method |
| CN113241200B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Fuel salt loop system and operation method |
| CN113936820A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Molten salt reactor core and molten salt reactor system |
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