CN107945020A - A kind of block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit method and system - Google Patents
A kind of block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107945020A CN107945020A CN201711213451.3A CN201711213451A CN107945020A CN 107945020 A CN107945020 A CN 107945020A CN 201711213451 A CN201711213451 A CN 201711213451A CN 107945020 A CN107945020 A CN 107945020A
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to financial technology field, more particularly to a kind of sustainable digging ore deposit method and system of block chain, by setting a kind of transaction tax mechanism；Compensate or substitute original systematicness and dig ore deposit return, stablize digging ore deposit process；Expenses of taxation specified account is set using data structure on chain, toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay and all verified by knowing together, and realize transaction tax management；The tax rate is traded using the sliding window average algorithm controlled based on double threshold to calculate, and carries out the stability and Control for Dependability of expenses of taxation remaining sum.The present invention sets up expenses of taxation specified account and realizes toll collection and management by setting a kind of transaction tax mechanism.Using data structure on chain and block chain common recognition process, the publicity and security of transaction tax management are realized；A series of system performance index are verified by Computer Simulation, new departure that the results show is proposed can effectively solve the problems, such as that block chain digs ore deposit sustainability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to financial technology field, more particularly to a kind of sustainable digging ore deposit method and system of block chain.
Background technology
Transaction system (hereinafter referred to as transaction system) based on block chain, one of supportive mechanism are exactly by digging ore deposit
Virtual digit currency is produced, and then forms the economic ecology of transaction system.Ore deposit is dug, area is obtained by competing calculating Hash problem
The book keeping operation power of block chain, block encapsulation is carried out to the Transaction Information in system, while the miner for winning book keeping operation power will obtain necessarily
Ideal money as dig ore deposit return.That is, dig ore deposit has 2 points of contributions for transaction system：First, virtual digit currency is sent out
The sole mode of row (generation)；Second, the generation of control block.Ore deposit return is dug, is the excitation that miner digs ore deposit, in higher level
It is the basis of block chain normal work.However, for the stability of any financial system, monetary aggregates should be in system
Limited.It means that the virtual digit currency in transaction system should also be limited to a certain range.Such as bit coin, its
Final money total amount is probably 21,000,000 pieces of bit coin.Its currency control strategy is 210,000 blocks of every generation, what miner obtained
Dig ore deposit return to halve, until return is kept to zero.It is well known that a large amount of calculation power of miner's digging ore deposit consumption (including hardware device consumes, is electric
Power consumption etc.).It is not enough to offset expenditure if obtaining digging ore deposit return, digging miner's work is just hard to carry on, and block chain is also just difficult to
For after this is catastrophic to transaction system.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, there has been no preferable solution at present.Ore deposit return income is dug in order to improve, some systems are drawn
Enter tip strategy；System trade user can obtain what the miner of book keeping operation power can include current block with voluntary payment tip
All Activity tip is taken in into the account of oneself；But this method does not ensure that the stabilization that miner takes in block chain process
Property, in the case where transaction dynamic changeability and miner obtain randomness the two system performances of book keeping operation power, miner's income can not ensure
Stablize；After systematicness rewards too low or even stopping, greatly being threatened for the sustainability existence of transaction system；
The stochastic problems of book keeping operation power are obtained for miner so that miner pays calculation power and goes usually return, some
System permission miner, which cooperates, digs ore deposit, then shares digging ore deposit income according to paying for calculation power；This method limitedly solves ore deposit
The unbalanced problem of work income, it does not pay tip and constrains, and is only due up cooperation miner and digs ore deposit income to current
Shared, income also suffers from the influence of tip dynamic change；
Therefore, how in the case where systematic digging ore deposit return is reduced or stopped, the sustainability for digging ore deposit reward is realized,
It is the problem of transaction system based on block chain is in the urgent need to address.
In conclusion problem existing in the prior art is：
Based on the transaction system of block chain, the distribution rewarded process by digging ore deposit and carry out digital cash, but for economy
Ecology stability, digital cash total volume of issuing is limited, therefore, block chain dig ore deposit during systematicness reward can gradually reduce to
Zero so that it is hard to carry on to dig ore deposit process；In addition, even if existing transaction system introduces tip mechanism, due to handing over incident dynamic
Property and tip pay randomness, the stable income of miner is still difficult to ensure that, so as to be difficult to ensure that the sustainability of block chain.
Therefore, challenge problem is as follows existing for existing transaction system：
A kind of new sustainable digging ore deposit rewarding mechanism is designed, which possesses the ability for providing stable-return, can supplement
Or replace existing systematicness and dig ore deposit rewarding mechanism, so as to fulfill the sustainability of transaction system；
In block chain decentralization environment, i.e., in the case of no centralized management mechanism, realize sustainable digging ore deposit mechanism
It is safe and reliable.
The solution of problem above, can be to avoid the potential threat interrupted based on block chain because digging ore deposit return deficiency；To base
There is vital effect in the stability and sustainability of block chain transaction system.
The content of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of sustainable digging ore deposit method and system of block chain.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of block chain is sustainable and digs ore deposit method, and the block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit method
Including：
All Activity system user pays certain tranaction costs in process of exchange according to the tax rate；The tranaction costs are not straight
Connect and pay miner, but be collected into an expenses of taxation specified account of setting；A new block is often successfully generated, it is new to obtain this
The miner of block book keeping operation power gets the expenses of taxation mechanism of fixed digging ore deposit return from expenses of taxation specified account；Compensate or substitute and is original
Systematicness digs ore deposit return, stablizes digging ore deposit process；
Expenses of taxation specified account is set using data structure on chain, toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay and all tested by common recognition
Card, realizes expenses of taxation management；
The tax rate is traded using the sliding window average algorithm controlled based on double threshold to calculate, and carries out the stability of expenses of taxation remaining sum
And Control for Dependability.
Further, the expenses of taxation mechanism specifically includes：
The setting of expenses of taxation specified account：The setting of expenses of taxation specified account is carried out by the way of data structure on chain；In area
Increase by two data fields in build, be denoted as remaining sum and the tax rate respectively；
Tax revenue and the setting for digging ore deposit return agreement, including：
Transaction tax is paid：
When user creates transaction, according to turnover and tax rate payment transaction expense, basis is specifically calculated：Turnover × tax
Rate；Wherein with input represent UTXO that user quotes (exported without the transaction that uses, be directed to it is in the statement of some block, should
The virtual digit currency that transaction creation person is held), small change represents that UXTO is returned higher than turnover and the part of the sum of transaction tax
Return the user；Need to meet during transaction creation：Input-turnover × (the 1+ tax rates)=small change；
Transaction tax the whole network is verified：
After the completion of transaction creation, which needs to propagate by the whole network and the expenses of taxation are verified, verification transaction tax pays step
The relational expression that need to meet during transaction creation in rapid；
Toll collection and digging ore deposit return are paid：
Miner in transaction system, the transaction propagated on collection network, verifies transaction；
Miner collects the expenses of taxation of the transaction of all good authentications；
The miner of book keeping operation power is successfully obtained, the currency to the wallet deposit specified quantity of oneself is as ore deposit return is dug, at the same time
Update the balance amount information in expenses of taxation specified account；Meanwhile the transaction tax rate computational methods that miner gives always according to system, carry out down
The calculating of the one cycle tax rate, and update tax rate information；
Expenses of taxation specified account data the whole network is verified：
After miner generates new block, which is broadcasted to the whole network and is verified；The network node of new block is received, it is right
Balance amount information and tax rate information in expenses of taxation specified account are verified；
Expenses of taxation specified account data write account book：
After new block is by the most of node verifications of network, block is successfully joined main chain, the number of expenses of taxation specified account
It is believed that breath obtains the whole network accreditation.
Further, the transaction tax rate, which is calculated, estimates trading volume using the sliding window method of average, according to estimating for trading volume
Meter and other systems parameter, calculate the transaction tax rate, specific as follows：
The expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum of k-th of block statistics is represented with x (k)；S (k) represents k-th of transaction that block occurs
Total value；μ represents to dig ore deposit return, is constant；λ (k) represents the transaction tax rate in k-th of block generation cycle；L represents sliding window length；
Correlation computations are as follows：
Further, the double threshold method, which is finely adjusted the tax rate, specifically includes：
Tax rate adjustment is carried out according to expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum；
The first step：If current account balance is less than remaining sum lower limit XL, then it is as follows to raise the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into second step；
Second step：If current account balance is higher than remaining sum upper limit XH, then it is as follows to lower the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into the 3rd step；
3rd step：The tax rate being calculated before the first step is maintained, i.e.,：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)；
4th step：Export obtained tax rate λ (k+1).
Further, the sustainable ore deposit method of digging of the block chain further includes：
Appraisement system is established from digging ore deposit return, expenses of taxation remaining sum, tax rate stability analysis；Specifically include：
First, represented to dig the fixed return of ore deposit with μ, returned with μ (k) the digging ore deposits for representing to produce k-th of block acquisition, definition
Δμmax=max1≤k≤K| μ (k)-μ | to dig the peak excursion that ore deposit returns distance objective return；DefinitionTo dig the mean deviation that ore deposit returns distance objective return, wherein K is the duration of statistics；
Secondly, expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, on the one hand characterizes system brisk trade degree, on the one hand also embodies to pay and digs ore deposit
The ability of return；Define respectivelyWithFor the equal of account balance
Value and standard deviation；
Then, tax rate stability analysis is carried out, defines average rate and tax rate fairness two indices, it is as follows respectively
Wherein, in fairness indexAs all λ (k), k=1,2 ..., K } it is all equal when, fairness
Index reaches maximum 1.
Another object of the present invention is to provide, a kind of block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit system.It is special that system includes the expenses of taxation on chain
Account module, trading volume statistical module, the tax rate calculate and adaptively adjust module, and perform expenses of taxation management and report branch with digging ore deposit
The protocol module paid；
Expenses of taxation specified account module, it is arranged on two data fields of increase in block head, for recording account balance harmony
The tax rate of bright next block period；The management of expenses of taxation specified account is responsible for by the miner for obtaining book keeping operation power, expenses of taxation specified account number
According to reliability by whole network common recognition mechanism verification；
Trading volume statistical module, it realizes the average system of the turnover included in current block and before some blocks
Meter, statistics number of blocks adjustment algorithm parameter L are determined；Statistical result is used for the estimation of turnover in next block period；
The tax rate calculates and adaptively adjusts module, it is returned according to the estimation and digging ore deposit of turnover in trading volume statistical module
Setting, calculate the transaction tax rate in next block period；In addition, its state according to expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, using double
Thresholding control method is finely adjusted the tax rate so that expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum stabilization is in expected scope；
Perform expenses of taxation management and report the protocol module paid with digging ore deposit, its engagement system user initiates branch needed for transaction
The expenses of taxation paid, verify whether transaction tax is paid effective by block chain common recognition mechanism；It is arranged to obtain the miner of book keeping operation power and holds
The information of the special expenses of taxation account of row, calculates the payment that ore deposit return is dug with more new management and miner, passes through block chain and knows together mechanism
Verify the validity of special expenses of taxation account information and dig the validity that ore deposit return is paid.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：
The present invention sets up expenses of taxation specified account and realizes toll collection and management by setting a kind of expenses of taxation mechanism.Utilize
Data structure and block chain common recognition process on chain, realize the publicity and security of expenses of taxation management.By Computer Simulation to one
Serial system performance indicator is verified that new departure that the results show is proposed can effectively solve block chain and dig ore deposit sustainability
Problem.
For based on block chain transaction system dig ore deposit return gradually reduce and it is unstable the problem of, it is proposed that one kind support
The sustainable tax revenue for digging ore deposit and return payment scheme.In the case that the present invention can be reduced or interrupted in systematicness return, compensation
Or substitute original systematicness and dig ore deposit return so that ore deposit process is dug, that is, block produces process and stablizes, so that transaction system
It is sustainable.By Computer Simulation, in the case where systematicness digs ore deposit reward interruption, the present invention can provide surely for transaction system
Fixed digging ore deposit return, the probability compared to voluntary tip pattern 50% dig desired value of the ore deposit return less than setting, and the present invention digs ore deposit and returns
The probability of report only 0.01% is less than desired value.
Present invention design is calculated using the sliding window average algorithm based on double threshold control and carries out tax rate calculating, is improved more than the expenses of taxation
The stability and reliability of volume control；Controlled by double threshold so that expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum is controllable, is returned so as to improve and dig ore deposit
The stability of report, so as to promote transaction system stability；Verified by Computer Simulation, be 10000 in average block trading volume,
When it is expected that it is 12.5 to dig ore deposit return, if using simple autonomous tariff pattern, account balance is often insufficient, and remaining sum mark
Quasi- difference is very big, reaches 14.2；And the sliding window average algorithm based on double threshold control that the present invention designs, account balance can be protected
Hold within expected range, while residual standard deviation is smaller, is 5.34.In addition, for using sliding window average algorithm so that system
The tax rate keeps relative stability；Computer artificial result shows that tax rate fairness index is 0.99, public close in the case of autonomous tariff
Levelling is 1 index.Fairness is higher, and the tax rate is more stable.
Present invention design sets expenses of taxation specified account using data structure on chain, and toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay all logical
Cross common recognition verification so that the account possesses same safety and reliability with block chain technology.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, which is that block chain provided in an embodiment of the present invention is sustainable, digs ore deposit method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is tax revenue provided in an embodiment of the present invention and digs ore deposit return agreement and its workflow schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is tax rate computational algorithm flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is four kinds provided in an embodiment of the present invention and digs under ore deposit return pattern, generates time that each block miner is obtained
Report (for the clarity of diagram, time shaft has carried out sampling display in units of 10 block periods) figure.
Fig. 5 is expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum record figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is tax rate dynamic change record figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7, which is that block chain provided in an embodiment of the present invention is sustainable, digs ore deposit system diagram.
In figure：1st, expenses of taxation specified account module on chain；2nd, trading volume statistical module；3rd, the tax rate calculates and adaptively adjusts mould
Block；4th, perform expenses of taxation management and report the protocol module paid with digging ore deposit.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
In the prior art, the transaction system based on block chain, in the case of its systematicness is dug ore deposit return reduction or interrupted, digs ore deposit
Process is difficult to keep stability and sustainability.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, block chain provided in an embodiment of the present invention is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, by setting a kind of All Activity
System user pays certain tranaction costs in process of exchange according to the tax rate；The tranaction costs not direct payment to miner, and
It is to be collected into an expenses of taxation specified account of setting；A new block is often successfully generated, obtains the ore deposit of new block book keeping operation power
Work gets the expenses of taxation mechanism of fixed digging ore deposit return from expenses of taxation specified account；Compensate or substitute original systematicness and dig ore deposit time
Report, stablizes digging ore deposit process；
Expenses of taxation specified account is set using data structure on chain, toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay and all tested by common recognition
Card, realizes expenses of taxation management；
The tax rate is traded using the sliding window average algorithm controlled based on double threshold to calculate, and carries out the stability of expenses of taxation remaining sum
And Control for Dependability.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
First, sustainable digging ore deposit reward design method
Block chain provided in an embodiment of the present invention is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, devises a kind of tax revenue mechanism：All Activity system
The user that unites pays certain tranaction costs in process of exchange according to the tax rate；But the expense be not direct payment to miner, and
It is to be collected into an expenses of taxation specified account of setting；A new block is often successfully generated, obtains the miner of block book keeping operation power
Fixed digging ore deposit return is got from expenses of taxation specified account.Such as Fig. 1.
1st, expenses of taxation specified account designs
The present invention realizes the setting of expenses of taxation specified account by the way of data structure on chain.Specifically increase in block head
Two data fields, are denoted as remaining sum and the tax rate respectively.Revised block head data format is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 includes remaining sum and the block head data structure of tax rate data field
In expenses of taxation specified account data structure, remaining sum item ends to the remaining sum of current block for recording expenses of taxation specified account
(include current block All Activity expense, and eliminate the digging ore deposit return of current block)；The tax rate then represents that next block is formed
The transaction tax rate in cycle.Explanation is needed exist for, expenses of taxation specified account is different from general user account, it is simply recorded
The information of tax revenue, is not storage currency, it pays the process for digging ore deposit return, it is not required that anyone digital signature.The expenses of taxation
The circulation of specified account data and digital cash under account control, is all to ensure it by the common recognition process of block chain
It is secure and trusted.
2nd, tax revenue and digging ore deposit return Protocol Design
Based on the sustainable demand for digging ore deposit of block chain, ore deposit is dug in the introducing of expenses of taxation specified account, and customer transaction and payment
The design of return, the present invention provide a kind of new agreement, are denoted as tax revenue and dig ore deposit return agreement.
The agreement introduces a series of workflows synchronous with block generating process, specific as shown in Figure 2.For convenience of than
Right, in Fig. 2 in each step word description, what is be below is the step of block generates, and what it is in top is agreement of the present invention
Step.
Tax revenue and digging ore deposit return agreement and its flow are illustrated below according to shown in Fig. 2.
1) transaction tax is paid
This step is synchronous with user's establishment transaction.When user creates transaction, it is necessary to according to turnover and tax rate payment transaction
Expense, specifically calculates basis：Turnover × the tax rate.Here the UTXO of user's reference is represented with " input ", " small change " represents UXTO
Return to the user in part higher than the sum of turnover and transaction tax.So, need to meet during transaction creation：Input-turnover
× (the 1+ tax rates)=small change.
2) transaction tax the whole network is verified
This step is synchronous with transaction the whole network propagation verification.After the completion of transaction creation, which needs to propagate by the whole network
Verified with the expenses of taxation, mainly verify the relational expression for needing to meet in one.
3) toll collection and digging ore deposit return are paid
This step and miner collect transaction, and to have dug ore deposit process synchronous.Miner in transaction system, can collection network upload
The transaction broadcast, verifies transaction.Miner can collect the expenses of taxation of the transaction of all good authentications.Successfully obtain the ore deposit of book keeping operation power
Work, can give the currency of the wallet deposit specified quantity of oneself to be returned as ore deposit is dug, while update the remaining sum in expenses of taxation specified account
Information.In addition, miner can also carry out the calculating of next cycle tax rate, and more new tax according to the tax rate computational methods that system gives
Rate information.
4) expenses of taxation specified account data the whole network is verified
This step is synchronous with the whole network propagation verification of newly-generated block.Miner generate new block after, by the block broadcast to
The whole network is verified.The network node of new block is received, by the balance amount information in expenses of taxation specified account and the progress of tax rate information
Verification.
5) expenses of taxation specified account data write-in account book
This step is synchronous with block addition main chain.After new block is by the most of node verifications of network, block success
Main chain is added, the data message of expenses of taxation specified account obtains the whole network accreditation.
As can be seen that sustainable digging ore deposit method and its agreement rely on the common recognition process of block chain, possesses phase with block chain
Same security performance.
3rd, transaction tax rate computational algorithm, such as Fig. 3.
The present invention estimates trading volume using the sliding window method of average, according to the estimation of trading volume and other systems parameter,
The transaction tax rate is calculated, it is specific as follows：
The expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum of k-th of block statistics is represented with x (k)；S (k) represents k-th of transaction that block occurs
Total value；μ represents to dig ore deposit return, is constant；λ (k) represents the transaction tax rate in k-th of block generation cycle；L represents sliding window length；
Correlation computations are as follows：
Further, the double threshold method, which is finely adjusted the tax rate, specifically includes：
Tax rate adjustment is carried out according to expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum；
The first step：If current account balance is less than remaining sum lower limit XL, then it is as follows to raise the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into second step；
Second step：If current account balance is higher than remaining sum upper limit XH, then it is as follows to lower the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into the 3rd step；
3rd step：The tax rate being calculated before the first step is maintained, i.e.,：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)；
4th step：Export obtained tax rate λ (k+1).
For based on block chain transaction system dig ore deposit return gradually reduce and it is unstable the problem of, it is proposed that one kind support
The sustainable tax revenue for digging ore deposit and return payment scheme.In the case that the present invention can be reduced or interrupted in systematicness return, compensation
Or substitute original systematicness and dig ore deposit return so that ore deposit process is dug, that is, block produces process and stablizes, so that transaction system
It is sustainable.
Present invention design sets expenses of taxation specified account using data structure on chain, and toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay all logical
Cross common recognition verification so that the account possesses same safety and reliability with block chain technology.
Present invention design is calculated using the sliding window average algorithm based on double threshold control and carries out tax rate calculating, is improved more than the expenses of taxation
The stability and reliability of volume control, and then lift transaction system stability.
2nd, with reference to the sustainable digging ore deposit appraisement system of block chain, the invention will be further described.
In order to carry out scientific evaluation to the Sustainable Design of block chain digging ore deposit, the present invention counts, more than the expenses of taxation from ore deposit return is dug
Appraisement system is established in volume statistics, tax rate stability analysis.
First, it is the system performance that this programme is directly concerned about to dig ore deposit return.It is already mentioned before, represented to dig the fixation of ore deposit with μ
Return, is returned, then definition with μ (k) the digging ore deposits for representing to produce k-th of block acquisition here
Δμmax=max1≤k≤K|μ(k)-μ|；
To dig the peak excursion that ore deposit returns distance objective return；Definition
To dig the mean deviation that ore deposit returns distance objective return, wherein K is the duration of statistics.
Secondly, expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, on the one hand characterizes system brisk trade degree, on the one hand also embodies this programme branch
Pay the ability for digging ore deposit return.Here define respectively
With
For the average and standard deviation of account balance.
Then, it is contemplated that the stability of expenses of taxation account balance, present invention employs dynamic tax rate adjustable strategies.But close
The tax rate of reason, which is set, should not excessive floating adjustment, otherwise can influence the unjustness of the expenses of taxation in the short time.Therefore, it is fixed here
Adopted average rate and tax rate fairness two indices, it is as follows respectively
Wherein, in fairness indexAs all λ (k), k=1,2 ..., K } it is all equal when, fairness
Index reaches maximum 1.
3rd, protocol performance simulation is analyzed
This part is by taking bit coin system as an example, it is assumed that systematicness is dug ore deposit return and interrupted, the side provided using this method
Case, which is realized, digs ore deposit return.The impact analysis of the verification and protocol parameter of the present invention to performance is carried out by Computer Simulation.Transaction
System emulation sets as shown in table 1.
1. Computer Simulation test parameter of table is set
Network node networking in a manner of P2P, each node are both trade user, while are also engaged in and dig miner's work.In order to right
Than analysis, emulate and sunykatuib analysis is carried out to following several digging ore deposit return payments mechanisms：
1st, traditional voluntary tip payment mode, is abbreviated as voluntary pattern；
2nd, tip pattern by nontraffic sensitive branch, be abbreviated as solid tax pattern；
3rd, the tax rate is averagely adjusted by sliding window but without double threshold control model, is abbreviated as sliding window pattern；
4th, the tax rate is averagely adjusted by sliding window and with double threshold control model, is abbreviated as the two-door limiting mode of sliding window.
Emulated more than, according to the sustainable digging ore deposit appraisement system of proposition, performance evaluation is carried out to above pattern with commenting
Valency, as a result as described below.
As a result one：Dig ore deposit return analysis
First, analyzed for the digging ore deposit return parameter of first concern of the present invention.Fig. 4 show four kinds and digs ore deposit return mould
Under formula, generating the return that each block miner obtained, (for the clarity of diagram, time shaft is in units of 10 block periods
Sampling display is carried out).From the results, it was seen that the expenses of taxation in transaction system are carried out using expenses of taxation specified account pattern effective
Management, after systematicness reward is interrupted, miner, which digs ore deposit return, can still keep stable.And for traditional voluntary tip
Pattern, digs ore deposit return and changes with the random change of consumption, can not obtain the guarantee of stabilization.
Further under the solid tax pattern of analysis, sliding window pattern and the two-door limiting mode of sliding window, the contrast difference that ore deposit is returned is dug.From knot
Fruit finds out that stability support of the two-door limiting mode of sliding window for digging ore deposit return is best, is hardly dynamically influenced by transaction, digs ore deposit
Return is always held at 12.5 bit coin.Relatively, Gu tax pattern is dug ore deposit and returned then because being influenced be subject to system transaction dynamic
Report market can decline；It can similarly be influenced without the sliding window pattern of thresholding be subject to system transaction dynamic.
Table 3 provides the statistic analysis result of performance parameter.As can be seen that the two-door limiting mode of sliding window is digging ore deposit return maximum partially
Shifting amount Δ umax, mean deviation amountAnd probability of the ore deposit return less than 12.5 bit coin is dug, have very in the performance of these three parameters
Big advantage.In addition, it is desirable to, it is noted that peak excursion occurred in the emulation starting stage, expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum is not also at that time
Foot, process afterwards, block dig ore deposit return and are held in 12.5 bit coin, meet sets target.In contrast, other several moulds
Though it is variant between formula, all it is not reaching to the stability of the two-door limiting mode of sliding window.
Table 3 digs ore deposit return analysis
As a result two：Expenses of taxation remaining sum is analyzed
This change procedure of partial analysis expenses of taxation account balance under Different Strategies pattern.Since traditional voluntarily pattern does not have
There is setting account, therefore the pattern is not in statistical result.Fig. 5 gives the change procedure that remaining sum is produced with block.As a result
It has been shown that, is first controlled, the two-door limiting mode of sliding window can be by account balance stabilization in desired level, so as to improve digging ore deposit due to two-door
Return the stability paid.Sliding window pattern, the reference set due to taking periodic trading volume statistical average as the tax rate,
Therefore, it is horizontal also to obtain more stable account balance, but remaining sum is kept low, and is unfavorable for the digging ore deposit return of stabilization
Expenditure.And the account balance under solid tax pattern is influenced by the dynamic change of trading volume.
Table 4 gives the statistic analysis result of expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum.Under the two-door limiting mode of the results show sliding window, account
The average value of remaining sum is 485.19 bit coin, and standard deviation has reached 84.42.Why this is obtained as a result, being because more than account
The volume starting stage is arranged to 0, and remaining sum has one section of increased process.Data in table bracket are that account balance reaches first
Statistics again after 500 bit coin, it can be seen that remaining sum is averagely 506.42 bit coin, and standard deviation then falls to 5.34, says
Bright account balance possesses good stability, and important support is provided to the sustainability for digging ore deposit.Compare, Gu under tax pattern,
Residual standard deviation is bigger, often bottoms out to 0, stability is insufficient；It is same to keep very low remaining sum without the sliding window pattern of thresholding
It is horizontal.
4 expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum of table is analyzed
As a result three：Tax rate stability analysis
Finally, from the situation of change of transaction system user's payment of duty expense fairness angle resolved systems tax rate.From shown in Fig. 6
As a result as can be seen that sliding window pattern and the two-door limiting mode of sliding window, it is using the average statistical of system trading volume as reference that the tax rate, which is set,
, therefore, the tax rate is a dynamic changing process with the time；Further, since the two-door limiting mode of sliding window can also be special according to the expenses of taxation
The remaining sum situation of account, all tax rate are adjusted, as can be seen from Figure in-between adjustment process.Adjusted just because of dynamic,
So that the pattern has good stability in account balance, digging ore deposit return payment.Gu under tax pattern, the tax rate is fixed, and
And this is that known system is averaged the tax rate set in the case of trading volume in simulation process；In systems in practice, if the tax rate
It is improper to set, and can also cause block chain to dig ore deposit process and receive influence.Table 5 furthermore present average rate and tax rate fairness refers to
Target statistical result.On the results show average, the tax rate is all held in 0.125% level.In addition, although Fig. 6 is shown
Under sliding window pattern and the two-door limiting mode of sliding window, the tax rate is the process of dynamic change, but its adjusting range is very little, is existed substantially
10-4Magnitude；From fairness parameter λfairSee, its fair sex index is all close to the level of autonomous tariff.
5 expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum of table is analyzed
3rd, with reference to simulation result, the invention will be further described.
The present invention has carried out comparative analysis and verification to the sustainable ore deposit mechanism of digging of block chain of proposition.Can from result
Go out, toll collection and management are carried out after setting pressure transaction tax and after expenses of taxation specified account is set, can be that block chain digs ore deposit
Process provides reliable and stable return, so that the transaction system based on block chain realizes sustainability, even in system
Property dig ore deposit return stop after.It is in addition, rationally pre- to the progress of current turnover using historical trading volume by sliding window averaging method
Survey, improve the stability of expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum；Further, controlled by double threshold, can be by expenses of taxation remaining sum stabilization
Unite desired level, greatly improve account and the stability and sustainability for digging ore deposit return are provided.
The present invention is directed to the transaction system based on block chain, in the case of its systematicness is dug ore deposit return reduction or interrupted, digs ore deposit
The problem of process is difficult to keep stablizing, it is proposed that a kind of method of sustainable digging ore deposit, and give complete conceptual design.Specifically
Ground, by setting a kind of expenses of taxation mechanism, and sets up expenses of taxation specified account and realizes toll collection and management.Utilize data structure on chain
Know together process with block chain, realize the publicity and security of expenses of taxation management.By Computer Simulation to a series of system performances
Index is verified that new departure that the results show is proposed can effectively solve the problems, such as that block chain digs ore deposit sustainability.
With reference to the sustainable digging ore deposit system of block chain, the invention will be further described.
As shown in fig. 7, block chain provided in an embodiment of the present invention is sustainable to dig ore deposit system.Including expenses of taxation specified account on chain
Module 1, trading volume statistical module 2, the tax rate calculates and adaptive adjustment module 3, and performs expenses of taxation management and report branch with digging ore deposit
The protocol module 4 paid；
Expenses of taxation specified account module 1, it is arranged on two data fields of increase in block head, for recording account balance harmony
The tax rate of bright next block period；The management of expenses of taxation specified account is responsible for by the miner for obtaining book keeping operation power, expenses of taxation specified account number
According to reliability by whole network common recognition mechanism verification；
Trading volume statistical module 2, it realizes the average system of the turnover included in current block and before some blocks
Meter, statistics number of blocks adjustment algorithm parameter L are determined；Statistical result is used for the estimation of turnover in next block period；
The tax rate calculates and adaptive adjustment module 3, it is returned according to the estimation and digging ore deposit of turnover in trading volume statistical module
The setting of report, calculates the transaction tax rate in next block period；In addition, its state according to expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, uses
Double threshold control method is finely adjusted the tax rate so that expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum stabilization is in expected scope；
Perform expenses of taxation management and report the protocol module 4 paid with digging ore deposit, its engagement system user is initiated needed for transaction
The expenses of taxation of payment, verify whether transaction tax is paid effective by block chain common recognition mechanism；It arranges the miner for obtaining book keeping operation power
The information for performing special expenses of taxation account calculates the payment that ore deposit return is dug with more new management and miner, passes through block chain common recognition mechanism
Verify the validity of special expenses of taxation account information and dig the validity that ore deposit return is paid.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, it is characterised in that the sustainable ore deposit method of digging of the block chain includes：All friendships
Easy system user pays certain tranaction costs in process of exchange according to the tax rate；The tranaction costs not direct payment to ore deposit
Work, but be collected into and set in expenses of taxation specified account；Often be successfully generated a new block, obtain the new block book keeping operation power miner from
The expenses of taxation mechanism of fixed digging ore deposit return is got in expenses of taxation specified account, compensates or substitutes original systematicness and dig ore deposit return；
Using data structure on chain, expenses of taxation specified account is set, toll collection and digging ore deposit return pay and are all verified by knowing together, into
Row transaction tax management；
The tax rate is traded using the sliding window average algorithm controlled based on double threshold to calculate, to the stability of expenses of taxation remaining sum and reliable
Property is controlled.
2. block chain as claimed in claim 1 is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, it is characterised in that the expenses of taxation mechanism specifically includes：
The setting of expenses of taxation specified account：The setting of expenses of taxation specified account is carried out by the way of data structure on chain；In block head
Two data fields of middle increase, are denoted as remaining sum and the tax rate respectively；
Tax revenue and the setting for digging ore deposit return agreement, including：
Transaction tax is paid：
When user creates transaction, according to turnover and tax rate payment transaction expense, basis is specifically calculated：Turnover × the tax rate；Its
The middle UTXO that user's reference is represented with input, small change represent that UXTO returns to this higher than the part of the sum of turnover and transaction tax
User；Meet during transaction creation：Input-turnover × (the 1+ tax rates)=small change；
Transaction tax the whole network is verified：
After the completion of transaction creation, the transaction carries out the whole network propagation and expenses of taxation verification, verifies and is handed in transaction tax payment step
The relational expression that need to meet when easily creating；
Toll collection and digging ore deposit return are paid：
Miner in transaction system, the transaction propagated on collection network, verifies transaction；
Miner collects the expenses of taxation of the transaction of all good authentications；
The miner of book keeping operation power is successfully obtained, the currency to the wallet deposit specified quantity of oneself updates at the same time as ore deposit return is dug
Balance amount information in expenses of taxation specified account；Meanwhile the transaction tax rate computational methods that miner gives always according to system, carry out next week
The calculating of the phase tax rate, and update tax rate information；
Expenses of taxation specified account data the whole network is verified：
After miner generates new block, which is broadcasted to the whole network and is verified；The network node of new block is received, to the expenses of taxation
Balance amount information and tax rate information in specified account are verified；
Expenses of taxation specified account data write account book：
After new block is by the most of node verifications of network, block is successfully joined main chain, the data letter of expenses of taxation specified account
Breath obtains the whole network accreditation.
3. block chain as claimed in claim 1 is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, it is characterised in that the transaction tax rate is calculated using cunning
The window method of average estimates trading volume, according to the estimation of trading volume and other systems parameter, calculates the transaction tax rate, specifically such as
Under：
The expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum of k-th of block statistics is represented with x (k)；S (k) represents that the transaction that k-th of block occurs is total
Volume；μ represents to dig ore deposit return, is constant；λ (k) represents the transaction tax rate in k-th of block generation cycle；L represents sliding window length；Phase
It is as follows to close calculating：
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4. block chain as claimed in claim 1 is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, it is characterised in that the double threshold method to the tax rate into
Row fine setting；When remaining sum is less than XL, tax rate up-regulation δ；When remaining sum is higher than XH, tax rate downward δ；
Specifically include：
Tax rate adjustment is carried out according to expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum；
The first step：If current account balance is less than remaining sum lower limit XL, then it is as follows to raise the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into second step；
Second step：If current account balance is higher than remaining sum upper limit XH, then it is as follows to lower the tax rate：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)(1+δ)；
No person, into the 3rd step；
3rd step：The tax rate being calculated before the first step is maintained, i.e.,：
λ(k+1)←λ(k+1)；
4th step：Export obtained tax rate λ (k+1).
5. block chain as claimed in claim 1 is sustainable to dig ore deposit method, it is characterised in that the block chain is sustainable to dig ore deposit side
Method further includes：
Appraisement system is established from digging ore deposit return, expenses of taxation remaining sum, tax rate stability analysis；Specifically include：
First, represented to dig the fixed return of ore deposit with μ, returned with μ (k) the digging ore deposits for representing to produce k-th of block acquisition, define Δ
μmax=max1≤k≤K| μ (k)-μ | to dig the peak excursion that ore deposit returns distance objective return；
DefinitionTo dig the mean deviation that ore deposit returns distance objective return, wherein K is statistics
Duration；
Secondly, expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, on the one hand characterizes system brisk trade degree, on the one hand also embodies to pay and digs ore deposit return
Ability；Define respectivelyWithFor account balance average and
Standard deviation；
Then, tax rate stability analysis is carried out, defines average rate and tax rate fairness two indices, it is as follows respectively
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Wherein, in fairness indexWhen all { λ (k), k=1,2 ..., K } is all equal, fairness refers to
Number reaches maximum 1.
6. a kind of sustainable sustainable digging ore deposit system of block chain for digging ore deposit method of block chain as claimed in claim 1, its feature exist
In the sustainable ore deposit system of digging of the block chain includes：
Expenses of taxation specified account module on chain, trading volume statistical module, the tax rate calculates and adaptively adjusts module, and performs the expenses of taxation
Management reports the protocol module paid with digging ore deposit；
The expenses of taxation specified account module, is arranged on two data fields of increase in block head, for recording account balance and statement
The tax rate of next block period；The management of expenses of taxation specified account is responsible for by the miner for obtaining book keeping operation power, expenses of taxation specified account data
Reliability is by whole network common recognition mechanism verification；
Trading volume statistical module, is used for realization the average statistics of the turnover included in current block and before some blocks,
Statistical result is used for the estimation of turnover in next block period；
The tax rate calculates and adaptively adjusts module, according to the estimation of turnover in trading volume statistical module and digs setting for ore deposit return
Put, calculate the transaction tax rate in next block period；Always according to the state of expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum, double threshold controlling party is used
Method is finely adjusted the tax rate, makes expenses of taxation specified account remaining sum stabilization in expected scope；
Perform expenses of taxation management and report the protocol module paid with digging ore deposit, agreement user initiates the transaction tax paid needed for transaction
Take, verify whether transaction tax is paid effective by block chain common recognition mechanism；Miner's execution that the agreement obtains book keeping operation power is special
With the information of expenses of taxation account, the payment that ore deposit return is dug with more new management and miner is calculated, is verified by block chain common recognition mechanism
The validity of special expenses of taxation account information and the validity for digging ore deposit return payment.
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| CN108960828B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-12-17 | 京北方信息技术股份有限公司 | Bill management method, device, server and storage medium based on block chain |
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| CN109194482B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-02-12 | 中山大学 | Reputation certification based block chain consensus method |
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| US11488099B2 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2022-11-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Supply-chain simulation |
| CN111784519A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-16 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Mining reward method and system based on block chain, computer equipment and medium |
| CN112235425A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-01-15 | 长沙理工大学 | Block chain mine pool forming method, device and system and readable storage medium |
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