CN107944204A - Mountain tunnel Construction Risk Assessment method based on CAE finite element models - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于CAE有限元模型的山岭隧道施工风险评估方法，通过ABAQUS‑CAE软件建立山岭隧道三维模型，将山岭隧道初始参数隧道断面形式及尺寸x、围岩的等级y、衬砌的类型z输入到有限元模型中，然后通过划分网格进行有限元计算获得隧道拱顶、侧墙、仰拱等部位的位移、应力，通过自动软件自动绘制应力‑时间曲线、位移‑时间曲线，该曲线能够直观的反映隧道洞室内壁各处的应力、位移的变化情况，如果出现异常数据就能准确的找到对应现场中风险源，做出风险预警，采取积极的补救措施。
The present invention provides a risk assessment method for mountain tunnel construction based on the CAE finite element model. The three-dimensional model of the mountain tunnel is established through ABAQUS-CAE software, and the initial parameters of the mountain tunnel are the tunnel section form and size x, the grade y of the surrounding rock, and the type of lining. z is input into the finite element model, and then the displacement and stress of the tunnel vault, side wall, inverted arch and other parts are obtained by dividing the grid for finite element calculation, and the stress-time curve and displacement-time curve are automatically drawn by automatic software. The curve can intuitively reflect the changes of stress and displacement on the inner wall of the tunnel cavity. If there is abnormal data, the risk source in the corresponding site can be accurately found, risk warning can be made, and active remedial measures can be taken.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及隧道工程风险评估方法，具体涉及一种基于CAE有限元模型的山岭隧道施工风险评估方法。The invention relates to a tunnel engineering risk assessment method, in particular to a mountain tunnel construction risk assessment method based on a CAE finite element model.
技术背景technical background
随着社会经济的不断发展，对交通运输的要求也越来越大，山岭隧道的修建也越来越多，如何控制山岭隧道的施工风险是现在急需解决的问题。山岭隧道在施工过程中，会遇到不同等级的围岩、突泥突水，甚至岩爆等各种风险，因此，准确的评估山岭隧道的风险需要对其施工的全过程进行综合分析。经过对现有技术文献检索发现，中国专利申请号2015100547770，发明名称：岩溶隧道突水突泥全过程渐进式风险动态评估方法，公开了一种岩溶隧道突水突泥全过程渐进式风险动态评估方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在隧道勘察阶段，获取隧址及其附近围岩的水文地质信息，即隧道发生突涌水的孕育环境，了解隧道各段所处地质条件的风险状态；(2)根据专家评分向量与因素权向量计算出风险分级值并进行一致性检验；(3)将致险因子引入风险评估的影响因素中，综合考虑孕险环境和致险因子，进行突涌水风险评价，划分隧道突涌水风险的区段分布特征；(4)将各指标的取值结合现场实际施工情况进行实时更正，以实现突水涌泥风险的动态评估。可见，目前山岭隧道风险评估方法主要是对某个局部进行风险预测，而且是通过专家评分这一方法实现，因此很难对整体的隧道施工形成一个精确有效的风险评估。With the continuous development of social economy, the requirements for transportation are also increasing, and more and more mountain tunnels are being built. How to control the construction risks of mountain tunnels is an urgent problem that needs to be solved now. During the construction of mountain tunnels, various risks such as surrounding rock, mud and water inrush, and even rockbursts will be encountered at different levels. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the risks of mountain tunnels requires a comprehensive analysis of the entire construction process. After searching the existing technical literature, it was found that Chinese patent application number 2015100547770, title of invention: progressive risk dynamic assessment method for the whole process of water and mud inrush in karst tunnels, discloses a progressive dynamic risk assessment method for the whole process of water and mud inrush in karst tunnels The method comprises the following steps: (1) In the tunnel investigation stage, the hydrogeological information of the tunnel site and its surrounding rocks, that is, the breeding environment for water inrush in the tunnel, is obtained, and the risk status of the geological conditions in each section of the tunnel is understood; (2) ) Calculate the risk classification value according to the expert score vector and the factor weight vector and conduct a consistency test; (3) Introduce the risk factors into the influencing factors of risk assessment, comprehensively consider the risk environment and risk factors, and carry out the risk assessment of water inrush , to divide the section distribution characteristics of the tunnel water inrush risk; (4) The values of each index are corrected in real time in combination with the actual construction situation on site, so as to realize the dynamic assessment of the water inrush risk. It can be seen that the current mountain tunnel risk assessment method is mainly to predict the risk of a certain part, and it is realized by the method of expert scoring, so it is difficult to form an accurate and effective risk assessment for the overall tunnel construction.
现有的岩溶隧道突水突泥全过程渐进式风险动态评估方法只能针对突水突泥这种专项内容形成风险评估，而山岭隧道中可能出现的风险复杂多样，该方法并没有对整体的隧道施工形成一个有效的风险评估，无法满足山岭隧道风险评估的整体要求。The existing progressive risk assessment method for the whole process of water and mud inrush in karst tunnels can only form a risk assessment for the special content of water and mud inrush. However, the possible risks in mountain tunnels are complex and diverse. Tunnel construction forms an effective risk assessment, which cannot meet the overall requirements of mountain tunnel risk assessment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于弥补现有山岭隧道施工风险评估的不足，提供一种基于CAE有限元模型的山岭隧道施工风险评估方法，能够直观的反映隧道洞室内壁各处的应力、位移的变化情况，对于出现的异常数据，可以准确的找到对应现场的风险源，作出风险预警，采取积极的补救措施。The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies in the existing mountain tunnel construction risk assessment, and to provide a method for mountain tunnel construction risk assessment based on the CAE finite element model, which can intuitively reflect the changes of stress and displacement on the inner wall of the tunnel cavity , for the abnormal data that appears, you can accurately find the risk source corresponding to the site, make a risk warning, and take active remedial measures.
本发明采取的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
基于CAE有限元模型的山岭隧道施工风险评估方法，包括以下步骤：The risk assessment method for mountain tunnel construction based on CAE finite element model includes the following steps:
步骤一：借助CAE有限元软件，建立山岭隧道有限元模型，具体通过ABAQUS-CAE软件建立山岭隧道三维模型，其中，模型中包括的初始参数为：能够进行直接编辑的隧道断面形式及尺寸，通过改变材料特性进行编辑的围岩等级和衬砌类型；Step 1: Establish the finite element model of the mountain tunnel with the help of CAE finite element software, and specifically establish the 3D model of the mountain tunnel through the ABAQUS-CAE software. The initial parameters included in the model are: the tunnel section form and size that can be directly edited, through Surrounding rock grade and lining type for editing by changing material properties;
步骤二：利用网格划分有限元法对隧道受力变形特性进行计算，获得隧道拱顶、侧墙、仰拱部位的位移、应力；Step 2: Calculate the stress and deformation characteristics of the tunnel by using the mesh division finite element method, and obtain the displacement and stress of the tunnel vault, side wall, and inverted arch;
步骤三：通过有限元模型计算监测点布置处的应力和位移数据，并将这些数据与现场监测数据进行对比分析，得到模型计算的数据和监测数据之间的关系，进而推算出隧道洞室内壁没有设置监测点位置处的应力应变情况；Step 3: Calculate the stress and displacement data at the monitoring point layout through the finite element model, and compare and analyze these data with the on-site monitoring data to obtain the relationship between the data calculated by the model and the monitoring data, and then calculate the inner wall of the tunnel cavity The stress and strain conditions at the locations where monitoring points are not set;
步骤四：将软件模拟所得的应力、应变数据，通过数学关系转换得到新的数据库f(x1)，结合山岭隧道的自然地理概况数据f(x2)、地质情况数据f(x3)、环境条件数据f(x4)，形成一个总数据库，再以风险等级函数F(x)＝span{f(x1),f(x2),f(x3),f(x4)}为基础，采用FineBI软件对总数据库的数据进行关联性分析，得到应力-时间曲线和位移-时间曲线，根据最终获得的风险等级做出监测预警。Step 4: Transform the stress and strain data obtained by the software simulation into a new database f(x1) through mathematical relationship conversion, combined with the natural geographical situation data f(x2) of mountain tunnels, geological situation data f(x3), and environmental condition data f(x4), forming a total database, and then based on the risk level function F(x)=span{f(x1), f(x2), f(x3), f(x4)}, FineBI software is used to analyze the total Correlation analysis is performed on the data in the database to obtain stress-time curves and displacement-time curves, and monitoring and early warnings are made according to the finally obtained risk level.
重复步骤二到步骤四，完成山岭隧道施工全过程的隧道风险评估，达到控制隧道风险的目的。Repeat steps 2 to 4 to complete the tunnel risk assessment of the whole process of mountain tunnel construction and achieve the purpose of controlling tunnel risks.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明通过有限元建模，可以反映山岭隧道的三维特征，并与实际监测数据进行对比分析后，可以完整记录并形象显示隧道施工的所有信息，并可以自动生成每日动态风险评估表，便于施工人员或技术人员操作，省却了隧道工程复杂施工信息的记录工作；The present invention can reflect the three-dimensional characteristics of the mountain tunnel through finite element modeling, and after comparative analysis with the actual monitoring data, it can completely record and visually display all the information of the tunnel construction, and can automatically generate a daily dynamic risk assessment table, which is convenient Construction personnel or technical personnel operate, saving the work of recording complex construction information of tunnel engineering;
利用网格划分有限元分析技术、动态风险评估以及多监测项相关性评估的风险评估方法，再结合CAE软件生成布置有监测点处应力-时间曲线、位移-时间曲线，通过曲线能够直观的反映隧道洞室内壁各处的应力、位移的变化情况，克服了传统风险评估方法模糊评判的缺点，将所有大数据进行关联性分析，全面判断工程进展过程中存在的一系列风险源，并提出针对性策略，智能化程度非常高；Using grid division finite element analysis technology, dynamic risk assessment and risk assessment method of multi-monitoring item correlation assessment, combined with CAE software to generate and arrange stress-time curves and displacement-time curves at monitoring points, the curves can be intuitively reflected The changes of stress and displacement on the inner wall of the tunnel overcome the shortcomings of the fuzzy judgment of the traditional risk assessment method, conduct correlation analysis on all big data, comprehensively judge a series of risk sources existing in the process of project progress, and put forward Sexual strategy, the degree of intelligence is very high;
该方法还可以根据实际情况，实时修改计算方法，从而不断完善风险评估的准确性，还更具全面性和及时性。This method can also modify the calculation method in real time according to the actual situation, so as to continuously improve the accuracy of risk assessment, and it is more comprehensive and timely.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为隧道监测点布置断面图；Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the layout of tunnel monitoring points;
图2为隧道监测点布置俯视图；Figure 2 is a top view of the layout of tunnel monitoring points;
图3为三维模型图；Fig. 3 is three-dimensional model drawing;
图4为应力-时间曲线图；Fig. 4 is stress-time graph;
图5为位移-时间曲线图；Fig. 5 is displacement-time graph;
图1和图2中，A(a)：测量仰拱拱底的竖向位移和应力，B(b)：测量仰拱拱脚的水平位移和应力，C(c)：测量侧墙的水平位移和应力，D(d)：测量仰拱拱边的竖向位移和应力，E(e)：测量仰拱拱顶的竖向位移和应力；In Figure 1 and Figure 2, A(a): measure the vertical displacement and stress of the inverted arch base, B(b): measure the horizontal displacement and stress of the inverted arch foot, C(c): measure the horizontal of the side wall Displacement and stress, D(d): measure the vertical displacement and stress of the side of the inverted arch, E(e): measure the vertical displacement and stress of the vault of the inverted arch;
图4中，路径选的是从隧道底面中点到顶面中点，其中S11表示X方向的正应力，S22表示Y方向的正应力，S33表示Z方向的正应力，S12表示XY平面(隧道洞内壁)的切应力；In Fig. 4, the path selection is from the midpoint of the bottom surface of the tunnel to the midpoint of the top surface, wherein S11 represents the normal stress in the X direction, S22 represents the normal stress in the Y direction, S33 represents the normal stress in the Z direction, and S12 represents the XY plane (tunnel hole Inner wall) shear stress;
图5中，U1表示X(水平)方向位移，U2表示Y(竖直)方向位移。In Fig. 5, U1 represents the displacement in the X (horizontal) direction, and U2 represents the displacement in the Y (vertical) direction.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
实施例Example
一种基于有限元模型的山岭隧道施工风险评估方法，主要包括以下步骤：A finite element model-based risk assessment method for mountain tunnel construction mainly includes the following steps:
步骤一：借助CAE有限元软件，建立山岭隧道的有限元模型，可以反映其三维特征，并绘制出三维模型图(如图3所示)，其中，模型中包括的初始参数为：隧道断面形式及尺寸x、围岩等级y、衬砌类型z；能够对x进行直接编辑，而y和z需要通过改变材料特性进行编辑；建模完成后，通过输入上述各初始参数，即可模拟隧道施工过程中的受力变化情况；Step 1: With the help of CAE finite element software, establish a finite element model of the mountain tunnel, which can reflect its three-dimensional characteristics, and draw a three-dimensional model diagram (as shown in Figure 3), where the initial parameters included in the model are: tunnel section form And size x, surrounding rock grade y, lining type z; x can be directly edited, while y and z need to be edited by changing material properties; after the modeling is completed, the tunnel construction process can be simulated by inputting the above-mentioned initial parameters The change of force in the
步骤二：利用网格划分有限元法对隧道受力变形特性进行计算，获得隧道拱顶、侧墙、仰拱等部位的位移、应力；在隧道施工阶段，软件中的步数表示不同的施工工况，当工程进行到某一阶段，对应到相应的步数，即可获得不同施工阶段的隧道受力和位移云图，同时也可获得隧道周围岩体的受力和位移数值，并随工程的进展即时更新；Step 2: Use the mesh division finite element method to calculate the stress and deformation characteristics of the tunnel, and obtain the displacement and stress of the tunnel vault, side wall, inverted arch and other parts; in the tunnel construction stage, the number of steps in the software represents different construction Working conditions, when the project progresses to a certain stage, corresponding to the corresponding number of steps, you can get the tunnel stress and displacement nephogram at different construction stages, and at the same time, you can also get the stress and displacement values of the rock mass around the tunnel, and follow the project Real-time updates on progress;
步骤三：如图1和图2所示，通过有限元模型计算监测点布置处的应力和位移数据，并将这些数据与现场监测数据进行对比分析，得到模型计算的数据和监测数据之间的关系，进而推算出隧道洞室内壁没有设置监测点位置处的应力应变情况，在减少了监测点的布置的同时也能对洞室内壁的受力、变形情况了解的更加全面；以取拱顶处监测点为例，假如通过监测点测得的数据组为a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7，而通过软件计算相应监测点位置处所得数据组为b1、b2、b3、b4、b5、b6、b7，两组数据之间存在倍数关系，依照此关系就能得知现场隧道洞室内壁其他没设置监测点部位的应力和位移值；Step 3: As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, calculate the stress and displacement data at the monitoring point layout through the finite element model, and compare and analyze these data with the on-site monitoring data to obtain the relationship between the data calculated by the model and the monitoring data. relationship, and then deduced the stress-strain situation at the position where no monitoring points are set on the inner wall of the tunnel cavern. While reducing the layout of monitoring points, it is also possible to understand the force and deformation of the inner wall of the cavern more comprehensively; Take the monitoring point as an example, if the data groups measured by the monitoring points are a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, and the data groups obtained by calculating the corresponding monitoring point positions through the software are b1, b2, b3, b4 , b5, b6, b7, there is a multiple relationship between the two sets of data, and according to this relationship, the stress and displacement values of other parts of the inner wall of the tunnel cavity where no monitoring points are set can be known;
步骤四：将软件模拟所得的应力、应变数据，通过数学关系转换得到新的数据库f(x1)，结合山岭隧道的自然地理概况数据f(x2)、地质情况数据f(x3)、环境条件数据f(x4)，形成一个总数据库，再以风险等级函数F(x)＝span{f(x1),f(x2),f(x3),f(x4)}为基础，采用FineBI软件对总数据库的数据进行关联性分析，根据最终获得的风险等级做出相应的监测预警。Step 4: Transform the stress and strain data obtained by the software simulation into a new database f(x1) through mathematical relationship conversion, combined with the natural geographical situation data f(x2) of mountain tunnels, geological situation data f(x3), and environmental condition data f(x4), forming a total database, and then based on the risk level function F(x)=span{f(x1), f(x2), f(x3), f(x4)}, FineBI software is used to analyze the total Correlation analysis is performed on the data in the database, and corresponding monitoring and early warnings are made according to the finally obtained risk level.
通过选取隧道洞室内壁的某条路径进行应力-时间、位移-时间曲线的绘制(如图4和图5所示)，分析曲线的基本走势以及曲线的特征数据可以预测内壁哪些部位比较薄弱，如果应力突然急剧增加，说明该部位极可能出现岩爆或者突泥突水等灾害，根据应力的变化幅度大小做出相应的风险预警和处置措施。By selecting a certain path on the inner wall of the tunnel cavity to draw the stress-time and displacement-time curves (as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5), analyzing the basic trend of the curve and the characteristic data of the curve can predict which parts of the inner wall are relatively weak, If the stress suddenly increases sharply, it means that disasters such as rockburst or mud and water inrush are likely to occur in this part, and corresponding risk warning and disposal measures should be taken according to the magnitude of the stress change.
所述风险等级分为蓝、黄、橙、红四个等级，根据不同的等级发出相应的监测预警，其中蓝色预警表示当日施工监测数据达到监测预警要求，但需提醒各方关注该监测数据的持续变化状况；黄色预警表示当日施工监测数据达到监测预警要求，综合判断为可接受风险，现场需采取防范措施；橙色预警表示当日施工监测数据达到监测预警要求，且周边环境复杂，综合判断为不愿接受风险，工程处于不安全状态，现场需立即采取措施；红色预警表示当日施工监测数据达到监测预警要求，且无有效措施，综合判断为不可接受风险，工程处于抢险状态。The risk levels are divided into four levels: blue, yellow, orange, and red. Corresponding monitoring and early warnings are issued according to different levels. The blue early warning indicates that the construction monitoring data of the day meets the monitoring and early warning requirements, but all parties need to be reminded to pay attention to the monitoring data The yellow warning indicates that the construction monitoring data of the day meets the monitoring and early warning requirements, and the comprehensive judgment is an acceptable risk, and preventive measures need to be taken on site; the orange warning indicates that the construction monitoring data of the day meets the monitoring and early warning requirements, and the surrounding environment is complex, and the comprehensive judgment is Unwilling to accept the risk, the project is in an unsafe state, and measures need to be taken immediately on the site; the red warning indicates that the construction monitoring data of the day meets the monitoring and early warning requirements, and there are no effective measures, the comprehensive judgment is unacceptable risk, and the project is in a state of emergency.
重复步骤二至步骤四，进行山岭隧道施工全过程的隧道风险评估，达到控制隧道风险的目的。Repeat steps 2 to 4 to conduct tunnel risk assessment in the whole process of mountain tunnel construction, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling tunnel risks.
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