CN107941900A - A kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method - Google Patents
A kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107941900A CN107941900A CN201810030763.9A CN201810030763A CN107941900A CN 107941900 A CN107941900 A CN 107941900A CN 201810030763 A CN201810030763 A CN 201810030763A CN 107941900 A CN107941900 A CN 107941900A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method, belong to pressure pipeline field of non destructive testing.The computational methods include six steps：Step 1, collects bend pipe basic data；Step 2, using under bend pipe trouble-free state from leakage magnetic field model calculate under bend pipe trouble-free state from stray field；Step 3, measures actual pipeline natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient；Step 4, data normalization；Step 5, calculates similarity factor；Step 6, divides bend pipe defect rank.It is detection method provided by the present invention, easy to operate, highly practical, the detection of factory's hot-bending bends and construction site clod wash defective tube is applicable not only to, can also realize and be detected the defects of in-service bend pipe, so that the safe operation for rising to bend pipe provides reliable ensure.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention is related to pressure pipeline field of non destructive testing, and particularly one kind is used for hot-bending bends and clod wash defective tube
The lossless detection method of detection.
Background technology
Prevailing traffic mode of the pipeline as oil gas medium, plays more next in terms of the national economic development and social stability
More important effect.Wherein, key components of the bend pipe as pipe-line, often bear more complicated stress and severe
The operating mode at quarter, the failure risk of bend pipe thus increase therewith, and the failure of bend pipe is particularly evident in pipe-line system.Therefore, bend pipe
The defects of detection and Failure Control to ensure pipeline safe and highly efficient operation have great importance.
In petrochemical industry, two kinds of techniques of elbow generally use are made, and one kind is factory's fire bending, and another kind is
Construction site clod wash.But the country there is no on the relevant technical standard of hot-bending bends quality testing, manufacturing process generation at present
The defects of be difficult to be found.Making for cold bending, the country promulgate《Steel pipe cold bending makes and acceptance specification》, rule
Model dictates the size, shape and production environment of bend pipe requirement etc., but not to bend pipe mother metal defect, mechanical damage defect,
Fault in material and residual thermal stress etc. make regulation.In addition, bend pipe (buried) is during service due to burn into erosion and system
The reasons such as defective tube, easily fail, thus the on-line checking of bend pipe defect also it is particularly important that.
Steel bend pipe issues magnetisation in geomagnetic field and stress collective effect, is formed about in bend pipe from stray field, when
Bend pipe there are when mother metal defect, mechanical damage defect, fault in material and residual thermal stress etc., above bend pipe from stray field
It will be distorted, and pass through the collection to this distortion of field feature, it is possible to achieve the non-contact detection of defect.Current patent
Or straight tube can be calculated from stray field well for the computational methods that are proposed of research paper and defect recognition, but do not have
It is a kind of effectively to calculate theoretical method of the bend pipe from stray field.
Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of method of steel bend pipe defects detection at this stage, to realize factory's fire bending pipe and construction site
The defects of cold bending and in-service bend pipe (buried), is detected, so as to ensure the safety of bend pipe.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method.This method passes through theoretical model meter first
Calculate zero defect bend pipe from stray field so that obtain unlike material, caliber, wall thickness, lift-off height, operating pressure, radius of curvature,
Bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component and three-component gradient under the conditions of bend pipe angle etc..Then three-component magnetic force is used
Gradient former obtain above actual bend pipe from stray field three-component gradient.Finally by three-component magnetic gradiometer obtain from leakage field
Field three-component gradient is obtained from stray field three-component gradient data progress Controlling UEP with theoretical calculation method, and passes through
Correlation coefficient determines the defects of bend pipe situation.With this method can effectively characterize zero defect bend pipe from stray field, obtain
From the distribution characteristics and changing rule of stray field, so that by by the Controlling UEP of actually detected data and gross data, it is real
The evaluation of existing defect of pipeline situation.The core of this method is zero defect bend pipe from the foundation of leakage magnetic field model, actual bend pipe
The Controlling UEP of collection and the calculated results and the detection signal progress that is actually collected into of the side from stray field.The party
Method is applicable not only to the detection of factory's fire bending pipe and construction site cold bending, can also realize and be detected the defects of in-service bend pipe.
A kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method mainly includes herein below：
(1) bend pipe basic data is collected, including the material of bend pipe, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, yield strength, trend, outer
Footpath, wall thickness, stress state, radius of curvature, bend pipe angle, manufacture craft, and the parameter of magnetic characteristic of pipe material.
(2) calculating of the zero defect bend pipe from stray field.According to the bend pipe size being collected into, the geometrical model of bend pipe is drawn,
Then using the centre of radius of bend pipe as the coordinate center of circle, rectangular coordinate system is established, with perpendicular to elbow inlet straight pipe
Direction is x-axis, and elbow inlet straight pipe direction is y-axis, is z-axis perpendicular to bend pipe plane.Based on institute's established model, bend pipe is obtained
Equation of locus and main coordinate value.Finally, the bend pipe data and coordinate data that are collected into are substituted into zero defect bend pipe natural leak
Calculating model for magnetic field, as shown in formula (1)~(4), you can obtain ideally, any point P above zero defect bend pipe
Natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component.Based on zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity result of calculation, according to three-component
The distance between the probe of magnetometer two l (generally desirable 0.5m), it is h to take bending axis heights(generally desirable 0.5m) and
Highly it is hsThe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity value at+l (generally desirable 1.0m) place, according to formula (5)~(7), you can obtain certainly
Gradient of the stray field magnetic induction intensity three-component along short transverse (z-axis direction), is denoted as G respectivelyx1, Gy1, Gz1。
In formula：Mx--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit x-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
My--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit y-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
Mz--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit z-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
Bx--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in x-axis direction, T；
By--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in y-axis direction, T；
Bz--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in z-axis direction, T.
u0--- space permeability, generally takes 4 Π × 10-7；
D --- elbow radius, m；
δ --- bend pipe wall thickness, m
P(xp, yp, zp) --- it is any one above bend pipe to calculate coordinate three-dimensional at point P, m；
R --- in elbow body any point to calculate point P distance, m；
The outside diameter of D --- bend pipe, m；
The wall thickness of δ --- bend pipe, m；
--- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；
θ --- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；
--- bend pipe angle, rad；
The radius of curvature of R --- bend pipe；
Gx1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient along the x-axis direction, T/m；
Gy1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity along the y-axis direction, T/m；
Gz1--- zero defect bend pipe grid cell is in the magnetic induction intensity component along the z-axis direction of P points, T/m；
The vertical height that h --- detecting instrument is popped one's head at the top of from pipeline, m；
L --- the vertical height between detecting instrument probe, m.
(3) the actual strong gradiometry of pipeline natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction.Using three-component magnetic gradiometer along bend pipe track
The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component value of side's measurement pipeline, forms three groups of data Gx2, Gy2, Gz2.Road is measured during measurement
Footpath and the path of theoretical calculation are consistent.
(4) data normalization.In order to eliminate the influence of the non-defective relevant parameter such as caliber, wall thickness, the judgement of unified defect
Standard, the natural leak magnetic field data (6 groups of data) obtained from stray field and actually measuring that theoretical calculation is obtained are normalized
Processing, calculates as shown in formula (8).
In formula：G --- one-dimension array, T/m, can use G herex1, Gy1, Gz1, Gx2, Gy2, Gz2；
G --- one-dimension array G normalization after as a result, respectively gx1, gy1, gz1, gx2, gy2, gz2；
Gmin--- the minimum value of one-dimension array, T/m；
G max--- the maximum of one-dimension array, T/m.
(5) natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component phase similarity analysis.By calculating the bend pipe of measurement acquisition certainly
Between stray field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component and the zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component being calculated
Similarity, obtain similarity factor three-component and maximum, situation is commented the defects of by similarity factor maximum to bend pipe
Valency, as shown in formula (9)~(12).
S=max (Sx,Sy,Sz) (12)
In formula：Sx--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity ladder similarity factor along the x-axis direction；
Sy--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the y-axis direction；
Sz--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the z-axis direction；
S --- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient maximum similarity factor.
(6) bend pipe defect condition is classified.Based on minimum similarity factor, situation is classified the defects of to bend pipe.Defect shape
Condition one is divided into Pyatyi, and the order of severity for characterizing defect respectively is without, slight, moderate, higher and high.As shown in Figure 4.
Brief description of the drawings
The flow chart that 1 detection method of attached drawing is realized；
2 bend pipe plane schematic diagram of attached drawing；
3 bend pipe cross-sectional of attached drawing；
4 defect rank of attached drawing divides table；
5 example bend pipe natural leak magnetic field of attached drawing calculates and normalization result；
The corresponding fire bending of 6 example bend pipe of attached drawing and clod wash bend pipe are from the data after stray field normalization.
Embodiment
Embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing and example, so that advantages and features of the invention
It can be easier to be understood by the person skilled in the art, so as to make a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method mainly includes five steps, as shown in Figure 1, specific steps
Content is as follows：
Step 1, collects bend pipe basic data.Material of the basic data including bend pipe, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, surrender are strong
Degree, trend, outside diameter, wall thickness, stress state, radius of curvature, bend pipe angle, manufacture craft, and the magnetic characteristic ginseng of pipe material
Number.
Step 2, calculate under bend pipe trouble-free state from stray field.The bend pipe data and number of coordinates that will be collected into
According to the natural leak calculating model for magnetic field substituted under bend pipe trouble-free state, you can it is any one on the top to obtain bend pipe under trouble-free state
The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component of point P, as shown in formula (1)~(4).Geometric parameter such as attached drawing 2 and attached drawing 3 in model
It is shown.Based on zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity result of calculation, between popping one's head according to three-component magnetometer two away from
From l (generally desirable 0.5m), it is h to take bending axis heights(generally desirable 0.5m) and height are hs+ l is (general desirable
1.0m) the natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity value at place, according to formula (5)~(7), you can obtain natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three and divide
Gradient of the amount along short transverse (z-axis direction), is denoted as G respectivelyx1, Gy1, Gz1。
In formula：Mx--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit x-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
My--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit y-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
Mz--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit z-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；
Bx--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in x-axis direction, T；
By--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in y-axis direction, T；
Bz--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in z-axis direction, T.
u0--- space permeability, generally takes 4 Π × 10-7；
D --- elbow radius, m；
δ --- bend pipe wall thickness, m
P(xp, yp, zp) --- it is any one above bend pipe to calculate coordinate three-dimensional at point P, m；
R --- in elbow body any point to calculate point P distance, m；
The outside diameter of D --- bend pipe, m；
The wall thickness of δ --- bend pipe, m；
--- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；
θ --- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；
--- bend pipe angle, rad；
The radius of curvature of R --- bend pipe.
Gx1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient along the x-axis direction, T/m；
Gy1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity along the y-axis direction, T/m；
Gz1--- zero defect bend pipe grid cell is in the magnetic induction intensity component along the z-axis direction of P points, T/m；
The vertical height that h --- detecting instrument is popped one's head at the top of from pipeline, m；
L --- the vertical height between detecting instrument probe, m.
Step 3, measures actual pipeline natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient.Using three-component magnetic gradiometer along bend pipe
The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component value of measurement pipeline, forms three groups of data G above track2x, G2y, G2z.During measurement
The path of measuring route and theoretical calculation is consistent.
Step 4, data normalization.The natural leak magnetic field magnetic obtained from stray field and actually measuring that theoretical calculation is obtained
Induction three component seismic data (totally 6 groups) is normalized, and calculates as shown in formula (8).
In formula：G --- one-dimension array, T/m, can use G herex1, Gy1, Gz1, Gx2, Gy2, Gz2；
G --- one-dimension array G normalization after as a result, respectively gx1, gy1, gz1, gx2, gy2, gz2；
Gmin--- the minimum value of one-dimension array, T/m；
Gmax--- the maximum of one-dimension array, T/m.
Step 5, calculates similarity factor.Using Euclid's formula, the bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction that measurement obtains is calculated
Similarity between intensity gradient three-component and the zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component being calculated, and
To similarity factor three-component and maximum, as shown in formula (9)~(12).
S=max (Sx,Sy,Sz) (12)
In formula：Sx--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity ladder similarity factor along the x-axis direction；
Sy--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the y-axis direction；
Sz--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the z-axis direction；
S --- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient maximum similarity factor.
Step 6, divides bend pipe defect rank.Based on minimum similarity factor, situation is classified the defects of to bend pipe.Lack
Fall into situation one and be divided into Pyatyi, the order of severity for characterizing defect respectively is without, slight, moderate, higher and high.As shown in Figure 4.
The application principle of the present invention is further elaborated with reference to example：
The first step, according to one the method for above-mentioned steps, collects the basic data of elbow, obtains the main foundation number of bend pipe
According to as shown in table 1.
The main foundation data of 1 example elbow of table
| Material | Yield strength | Caliber | Wall thickness | Radius of curvature | Bend pipe angle | Stress state | Manufacture craft |
| Q345 | 345MPa | 219mm | 9.5mm | 1.5D | 90° | Without internal pressure | Fire bending |
Second step, according to the computational methods of step 2, calculate under bend pipe trouble-free state from stray field.It can obtain reality
Example elbow trouble-free state under the strong three-component value of natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction, take from the ground height for 0.5m and 1.0 meter place oneself
It is worth on the basis of stray field magnetic induction intensity three-component value；Then according to step 3, it is 0.5m to take the distance between two probes, is calculated
Obtain from stray field along the Grad of elbow axis direction (G as shown in Figure 51x, G1y, G1z)。
3rd step, according to the measuring method of step 3, using three-component magnetic gradiometer along measurement pipe above bend pipe track
The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component value in road, forms three groups of data G2x, G2y, G2z.Counted with theoretical in path during measurement
The path of calculation is consistent.
4th step, according to formula (8)~(11), is normalized theoretical calculation and actual measurement the data obtained.
After the processing of theoretical calculation data normalization as shown in Figure 5.Attached drawing 6 characterizes the bend pipes of two different defect conditions, and (fire bending is curved
Pipe and clod wash bend pipe) it is actually detected obtain from stray field three component seismic data.
5th step, according to the data after normalization, calculates similitude according to formula (8)~(11), obtains fire bending
The maximum similarity factor of bend pipe is 0.02, and clod wash bend pipe is 0.72.
6th step, on the basis of the 5th step, situation is graded the defects of according to attached drawing 4 to bend pipe.Hot-bending bends
Defect rank is level-one, basic zero defect；The defects of clod wash bend pipe, grade was level Four, higher.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection method, it is characterised in that the steel bend pipe defect non-contact detection Method mainly includes following six step：Step 1, collects bend pipe basic data；Step 2, using under bend pipe trouble-free state From leakage magnetic field model calculate under bend pipe trouble-free state from stray field；Step 3, measures actual pipeline natural leak magnetic field magnetic strength Answer intensity gradient；Step 4, data normalization；Step 5, calculates similarity factor；Step 6, divides bend pipe defect rank.
- 2. step 1 as claimed in claim 1, collects bend pipe basic data, it is characterised in that basic data includes the material of bend pipe Matter, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, yield strength, trend, outside diameter, wall thickness, stress state, radius of curvature, bend pipe angle, making work Skill, and the parameter of magnetic characteristic of pipe material.
- 3. step 2 as claimed in claim 1, calculate under bend pipe trouble-free state from stray field, it is characterised in that will be collected into Bend pipe data and coordinate data substitute into bend pipe trouble-free state under natural leak calculating model for magnetic field, you can obtain zero defect The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component and gradient three-component at bend pipe any point on the top under state, such as formula (1)~(7) It is shown：<mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>In formula：Mx--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit x-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；My--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit y-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；Mz--- the intensity of magnetization in a certain micro unit z-axis direction, A/m on bend pipe；Bx--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in x-axis direction, T；By--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in y-axis direction, T；Bz--- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity is in the component in z-axis direction, T；u0--- space permeability, generally takes 4 Π × 10-7；D --- elbow radius, m；δ --- bend pipe wall thickness, m；P(xp, yp, zp) --- it is any one above bend pipe to calculate coordinate three-dimensional at point P, m；R --- in elbow body any point to calculate point P distance, m；The outside diameter of D --- bend pipe, m；The wall thickness of δ --- bend pipe, m；--- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；θ --- line and the angle of z-axis, rad between infinitesimal point and bend pipe kernel of section on bend pipe；--- bend pipe angle, rad；The radius of curvature of R --- bend pipe；Gx1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient along the x-axis direction, T/m；Gy1--- the component of zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity along the y-axis direction, T/m；Gz1--- zero defect bend pipe grid cell is in the magnetic induction intensity component along the z-axis direction of P points, T/m；The vertical height that h --- detecting instrument is popped one's head at the top of from pipeline, m；L --- the vertical height between detecting instrument probe, m.
- 4. step 3 as claimed in claim 1, measures actual pipeline natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient, it is characterised in that uses Natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component value of the three-component magnetic gradiometer along measurement pipeline above bend pipe track, forms three Group data G2x, G2y, G2z, the path of measuring route and theoretical calculation is consistent during measurement.
- 5. step 4 as claimed in claim 1, data normalization, it is characterised in that by theoretical calculation obtain from stray field and reality The natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three component seismic data (totally 6 groups) that border measurement obtains is normalized, and calculates such as formula (8) institute Show：<mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>In formula：G --- one-dimension array, T/m, can use G herex1, Gy1, Gz1, Gx2, Gy2, Gz2；G --- one-dimension array G normalization after as a result, respectively gx1, gy1, gz1, gx2, gy2, gz2；Gmin--- the minimum value of one-dimension array, T/m；Gmax--- the maximum of one-dimension array, T/m.
- 6. step 5 as claimed in claim 1, similarity factor is calculated, it is characterised in that calculate bend pipe that measurement obtains from stray field It is similar between magnetic induction intensity gradient three-component and the zero defect bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity three-component being calculated Degree, and similarity factor three-component and maximum are obtained, as shown in formula (9)~(12)：<mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow><mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>S=max (Sx,Sy,Sz) (12)In formula：Sx--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity ladder similarity factor along the x-axis direction；Sy--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the y-axis direction；Sz--- the component of bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient similarity factor along the z-axis direction；S --- bend pipe natural leak magnetic field magnetic induction intensity gradient maximum similarity factor.
- 7. step 6 as claimed in claim 1, divides bend pipe defect rank, it is characterised in that based on minimum similarity factor, to curved The defects of pipe, situation was classified；Defect condition one is divided into Pyatyi, the order of severity for characterizing defect respectively be without, it is slight, in Spend, is higher and high.
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