CN107939901B - A kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber and type selecting installation method - Google Patents
A kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber and type selecting installation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107939901B CN107939901B CN201711133363.2A CN201711133363A CN107939901B CN 107939901 B CN107939901 B CN 107939901B CN 201711133363 A CN201711133363 A CN 201711133363A CN 107939901 B CN107939901 B CN 107939901B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/03—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/002—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion characterised by the control method or circuitry
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
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Abstract
A kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber and type selecting installation method, the vertical magnetic conductive pole suspension that the cruciform member of multilayer configured in parallel up and down passes through four verticals through four ends of " ten " word beam arm are fixed below the chassis pedestal of rail vehicle bottom；The multiple-layer stacked structure being spaced apart from each other is formed between multilayer grooved oscillator and cruciform member, cruciform member center opens up vertical installation through-hole, the magnetic rheology elastic body of annular is equipped between installation through-hole and the connecting shaft of multilayer grooved oscillator, multilayer grooved oscillator can be vibrated up and down along the axially opposing chassis pedestal of installation through-hole；Winding slot is opened up on the beam arm of cruciform member, winds magnet exciting coil in winding slot；The shock attenuation result of the present apparatus is good, and energy consumption is few, and simple structure is compact, it is easily installed, high safety and reliability can carry out the wideband vibration damping on vertical to remaining space under rail vehicle using rationally to the vehicle body of railway vehicle for leading to the problem of abnormal vibrations due to track irregularity.
Description
Technical field
Railway vehicle vibration damping absorbing of the present invention field more particularly to a kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber
And its type selecting installation method.
Background technique
When rail vehicle is run, the Wheel Rail Vibration that track irregularity generates is transferred to vehicle by a system and secondary suspension system
Body also has some impact on passenger's riding comfort while reducing vehicle riding quality.Dynamic vibration absorber is due to having knot
The advantages of structure is simple, good damping result, it has also become reduce one of body oscillating, the effective means for improving passenger's riding comfort.
Dynamic vibration absorber is generally divided into passive type, active and three kinds of semi-active type: passive type bump leveller structure is simple, ginseng
Number is unadjustable, may only play good damping effect for the excited frequency of single fixation, therefore be not suitable for frequency
It changes greatly, i.e. the vibration wider occasion of frequency band；Active bump leveller vibration damping bandwidth, its working principle is that utilizing extra power
Make bump leveller target vibration damping object vibrate it is instantaneous apply control force, with rapid decaying vibration, but it has that structure is complicated, controls
The disadvantages of required precision is high, energy consumption is big, stability is poor；Semi-active type bump leveller changes bump leveller by lower energy consumption dynamic
The parameters such as rigidity, to make effective absorbing frequency and the dynamic excitation frequency of target vibration damping object meet rapport always, not only
Widened the vibration damping frequency band of bump leveller, and shock attenuation result is close to active shock attenuation result, also, with active bump leveller phase
Than having the characteristics that required control energy is small, being easily achieved.The Parameters variation of semi active vibration absorber can pass through mechanical structure
Variation or intellectual material realize, magnetic rheology elastic body is a Ge Xin branch of intellectual material, when magnetic rheology elastic body is by magnetic
When field action, interaction force is generated after the ferromagnetic particle magnetization in elastomer, makes its modulus of shearing can be according to magnetic field strength
Change and change, to achieve the purpose that dynamic regulation bump leveller rigidity.
Current most of dynamic vibration absorbers belong to passive type, and application No. is in 201510078101.5 application for a patent for invention
A kind of mass bumper is disclosed, wherein for mass inertia block as bump leveller oscillator, absorber rubber body plays spring damping connection
Effect, and be equipped with limit hole and yielding rubber and play the buffering stop block to bump leveller, the bump leveller structure is simple, reliable
Property it is high, but absorbing frequency is single, the problem of not can effectively solve vehicle body of railway vehicle vertical vibration, because rail vehicle is transported
When row, suffered exciting frequency range is wide, and wherein city rail vehicle passenger capacity, velocity variations are frequent, has more widened body oscillating frequency range.
The dynamic vibration absorber patent for belonging to semi-active type is also more, and application No. is 201510155428.8 patent of invention Shens
Please in disclose a kind of multiple degrees of freedom dynamic vibration absorber, the distance between mass block and mass block can be adjusted by the thread, from
And change the intrinsic frequency of bump leveller, it is to carry out multi-degree of freedom vibration reduction, but the method that screw thread is adjusted belongs to half actively to main vibration
Mechanical frequency modulation in oscillation damping method, frequency variation are slow, it is difficult to meet passenger capacity, speed, track irregularity driving frequency variation frequency
Numerous city rail vehicle；Application No. is a kind of magnetic rheology elastic body shift frequency is disclosed in 200510094882.3 application for a patent for invention
Formula bump leveller and installation method can change the rigidity of magnetic rheology elastic body, to make bump leveller by regulating winding voltage
Vibration frequency changes, and plays the role of wideband vibration damping, due to oscillator in the device and additional component (iron core, sleeve, coil
Deng) between use up-down structure, it is contemplated that rail vehicle weight is big, for guarantee effectiveness in vibration suppression, the matter of the oscillator of bump leveller
Amount is also big, but when oscillator quality becomes larger, because rail vehicle down space is limited, and by bump leveller up-down structure
Constraint, cause bump leveller height become larger, lack to be laid out under vehicle it is rational simultaneously, have an effect on city rail vehicle operational safety
Property.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in the magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type for providing a kind of rail vehicle is dynamic
Power bump leveller and type selecting installation method, shock attenuation result is good, and energy consumption is few, and it is narrow to overcome passive type dynamic vibration absorber vibration damping frequency band,
The wideband vibration damping on vertical can be carried out to the vehicle body of railway vehicle for leading to the problem of abnormal vibrations due to track irregularity；It overcomes
The disadvantage that structure is complicated for active power bump leveller, manufacturing cost is high, energy consumption is big, simple structure is compact, is easily installed, and safely may be used
, conducive to rail vehicle bottom is arranged in, it will not influence city rail vehicle to remaining space under rail vehicle using rationally by property height
The safety of operation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber, it is characterised in that: the cross of configured in parallel above and below multilayer
The vertical magnetic conductive pole suspension that shape crossbeam passes through four verticals through four ends of " ten " word beam arm is fixed on positioned at track
Below the chassis pedestal of vehicle bottom；
Multilayer grooved oscillator includes the oscillator and connect positioned at oscillator center, by multilayer oscillator that multilayer is parallel to each other up and down
The connecting shaft being fixed as one is connect, every layer of oscillator is respectively positioned between adjacent two layers cruciform member, multilayer grooved oscillator and cross
The multiple-layer stacked structure being spaced apart from each other is formed between shape crossbeam, multilayer grooved oscillator is hung or supported and is mounted on by load bearing spring
On cruciform member, it is detached from independently of each other between multilayer grooved oscillator and vertical magnetic conductive pole；
Cruciform member center opens up vertical installation through-hole, and the peace of the cruciform member of top layer is protruded into connecting shaft upper end
It fills in through-hole, lower end is protruded into the installation through-hole of undermost cruciform member, peace of the middle section from the cruciform member of middle layer
It is passed through in dress through-hole, the magnetic rheology elastic body of annular is equipped between installation through-hole and connecting shaft, magnetic rheology elastic body outer ring is close to
It is fixed on installation through-hole, inner ring coats connecting shaft outer rim, and multilayer grooved oscillator can be along the axially opposing chassis base of installation through-hole
Seat vibrates up and down；
On four beam arms of every layer of cruciform member, winding slot is opened up respectively from installation through-hole towards beam arm end, around
Magnet exciting coil is wound in wire casing；On single layer cruciform member, power supply of the two opposite magnet exciting coils close to installation through-hole one end
For positive and negative anodes on the contrary, on adjacent two layers cruciform member, the power positive cathode of upper and lower two magnet exciting coils of corresponding position is opposite；
The connecting shaft of multilayer grooved oscillator is every magnet or its external covering magnetic separator layer；It is cruciform member, vertical
Magnetic conductive pole is magnetizer；The interval magnetic of the bump leveller and rail vehicle bottom；
Two circles are formed between adjacent two layers cruciform member from magnet exciting coil, cruciform member, vertical magnetic conductive pole, cross
Crossbeam, magnet exciting coil, magnetic rheology elastic body, magnet exciting coil, cruciform member, vertical magnetic conductive pole, cruciform member, excitation wire
Circle, magnetic rheology elastic body return the right-angled intersection closed magnetic circuit of magnet exciting coil；
When rail vehicle generates vertical vibration in the process of running, the vibration of car body by chassis pedestal, vertical magnetic conductive pole,
Cruciform member and magnetic rheology elastic body are transferred to multilayer grooved oscillator；
Installation on the rail vehicle vibrating sensor real-time monitoring body oscillating frequency (i.e. track irregularity when to vehicle
Vibrational excitation frequency) and feed back to control unit, control unit changes strong by the electric current of magnet exciting coil based on the feedback signal
Degree, so as to adjust the rigidity of magnetic rheology elastic body, makes the intrinsic frequency of bump leveller and vehicle body of railway vehicle vibration frequency moment phase
Tuning, it is ensured that the body oscillating energy under each frequency can be absorbed by the multilayer grooved oscillator of bump leveller, and car body is inhibited to hang down
To vibration, the wideband vibration damping to car body is realized.
Further, the vertical magnetic conductive pole coats magnetic separator layer outside cruciform member and magnet exciting coil, described
Magnet exciting coil is enameled wire loop, to realize the magnetic circuit isolation function between bump leveller and rail vehicle bottom, limits the magnetic line of force
Flow direction.
Further, four excitations of nested copper band between the magnetic rheology elastic body and installation through-hole, copper band and surrounding
Coil is electrically connected close to installation through-hole one end；Magnetic rheology elastic body and the inside and outside suit of copper band are pasted and are fixed as one, copper band outer ring
Abutting is fixed on installation through-hole, and magnetic rheology elastic body inner ring pastes connecting shaft outer rim；When multilayer grooved oscillator vibration, even
The dragging of spindle makes magnetic rheology elastic body elastic deformation, and oscillator is made to have the leeway vibrated up and down.Copper band directly and magnet exciting coil
And magnetic rheology elastic body electrical contact, three is electric conductor, electric field magnetisation field, and copper band has uniform electric field here and strengthens magnetic
The effect of field, although copper band is not magnetizer, since copper band itself charges, electric field generates magnetic field, therefore can't separate
Magnetic circuit between magnet exciting coil and magnetic rheology elastic body, in addition, it is contemplated that magnet exciting coil is not more than by electric current maximum
2A, similar mobile phone charging wire electric current, therefore bump leveller does not have the hidden danger of secure context with micro-current.
Further, the magnetic rheology elastic body height is less than the height of copper band, magnetic rheology elastic body can be made to wrap completely
It is rolled in the magnetic field of magnet exciting coil generation, improves the functional reliability of magnetic rheology elastic body, guarantee that magnetic circuit is unobstructed.
Further, the winding slot is two parallel lines being radially provided on cruciform member beam arm along installation through-hole
Slot, winding slot is using the circumferential surface of installation through-hole as starting point, and magnet exciting coil is wrapped in winding slot, and winding structure is compact, makes excitation wire
Circle does not expose to outside cruciform member, and is convenient for the electrical connection between copper band.
Further, it is adopted between the vertical magnetic conductive pole and cruciform member, between vertical magnetic conductive pole and chassis pedestal
It is threadedly coupled fixation, has multi-segment thread section, four ends of cruciform member beam arm and chassis pedestal on vertical magnetic conductive pole
Corresponding position on open up threaded hole, assembly easy to process respectively.
Further, the top side of chassis pedestal fitting rail vehicle bottom opens up the mounting groove of opening upwards, installation
Four corners are respectively provided with a threaded hole in slot, open up screw thread reinforced hole respectively on the quadrangle of each threaded hole；On vertical magnetic conductive pole
End is in the ladder shaft-like of small end upward, is close to step surface on small end and screws reinforcing nut, four reinforcing bolts are upward through reinforcing
Nut is tightened in screw thread reinforced hole；It is close to cruciform member on vertical magnetic conductive pole and screws reinforcing nut, plays reinforcement effect,
Guarantee the safety and reliability that bump leveller is used for a long time.
Further, the oscillator of the multilayer grooved oscillator is box-shaped, and four sides open up escape groove, and vertical magnetic conductive pole is from keeping away
It allows slot to pass through, is not contacted with escape groove vallecular cavity, it is compact-sized, rationally distributed, oscillator quality can be made to maximize.
Further, the cruciform member quantity is three layers, and four vertical magnetic conductive poles and three layers of cruciform member are constituted
The outer framework of dynamic vibration absorber；The multilayer grooved oscillator is the Dual-layer slotting oscillator in " string " font；Three sections of connecting shafts and three
A annular magnetic rheology elastic body cooperation, forms the elastic connection between outer framework, this kind of configuration mode is compact-sized, effectively benefit
With limited vehicle base space, and it is suitable for current rail vehicle.
Further, chassis pedestal, multilayer grooved oscillator and cruciform member beam arm are all made of the round and smooth processing in corner, prevent
Due to the sharp keen bring safety problem in corner.
A kind of method that type selecting sets up the magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber stated:
The first step, each theoretical parameter that bump leveller is determined according to dynamic vibration absorber theory: bump leveller is reduced to two freely
Model is spent, if Mj、Kj、CjAnd ZjIt shakes based on respectively and the quality of system, rigidity, damping and vibrates up and down displacement, Md、Kd、CdAnd ZdRespectively
For the quality of bump leveller, rigidity, damping and vibrate up and down displacement；Assuming that main vibration is by harmonic excitation Fsin ω t, according to newton
Second theorem, the then kinetics equation of the coupled system are as follows:
Bump leveller differential equation of motion:
The following terms need to be introduced by studying dynamic vibration absorber:
Dynamic vibration absorber and main vibration are mass ratio:
The inherent circular frequency of main vibration system:Known ωj=2 π fj, fjBased on shake the intrinsic time frequency of system；
The inherent circular frequency of dynamic vibration absorber vibration:Known ωd=2 π fd, fdFor the proper time of bump leveller
Between frequency；
The damping ratio of dynamic vibration absorber:
The vibration ratio of bump leveller and main vibration system:
In two degrees of freedom model of vibration, when dynamic vibration absorber is met certain condition, bump leveller could utmostly be inhaled
The vibrational energy of main vibration system is received, bump leveller has preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression, and actual conditions are as follows:
Optimal people having the same aspiration and interest condition:
Optimal damper condition:
The then intrinsic frequency f of bump levellerdIt should design are as follows:
It can thus be appreciated that the rigidity Design value K of bump levellerdAre as follows:
According to the damping C of the damping ratio formula bump leveller of bump levellerdAre as follows:
Cd=4 π Mdfdζ
Solve the solution value of above-mentioned formula according to auto model, solution value further according to above-mentioned formula and corresponding magnetorheological
The correlation properties of elastomer are solved, and elastic damping member of the magnetic rheology elastic body for meeting and calculating and requiring as bump leveller is chosen
Part determines the mass elements of the quality size and the number of plies of multilayer grooved oscillator as bump leveller, and according to multilayer grooved oscillator
Quality size chooses the suitable load bearing spring balance vibrators gravity of rigidity；
Second step installs magnetic rheology elastic body, magnetorheological bullet between the connecting shaft and installation through-hole of multilayer grooved oscillator
Property body in circle envelope connecting shaft outer rim, outer ring is close to be fixed on installation through-hole, if magnetic rheology elastic body outer ring installs copper additional
Circle, then magnetic rheology elastic body and the inside and outside suit of copper band are pasted and are fixed as one, and copper band outer ring is close to be fixed on installation through-hole, magnetic
Magnetorheological elastomer inner ring envelopes connecting shaft outer rim；
Third step installs vertical magnetic conductive pole, cruciform member additional in the outside of multilayer grooved oscillator, makes vertical magnetic conductive pole and ten
Cross-beam of character form, which is connected and fixed, to be integrated, and winds magnet exciting coil in the winding slot of cruciform member；
The assembled component of third step is integrally carried out every magnetic treatment, then is installed on chassis pedestal by the 4th step, alternatively,
By in the assembled component integral installation to chassis pedestal of third step, then bump leveller is integrally carried out every magnetic treatment；
The multiple intervals of bump leveller are mounted on rail vehicle bottom, or are individually attached to rail vehicle bottom by the 5th step.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, vibration damping bandwidth, shock attenuation result is good, can consolidating by the stiffness tuning bump leveller of change magnetic rheology elastic body
There is frequency, the vibration frequency of real-time tracking damping object simultaneously tunes therewith, consistently achieves significant effectiveness in vibration suppression；
2, energy consumption is few, only need to provide the exciting current of very little, just be able to satisfy the job requirement of bump leveller；
3, chassis pedestal is added, makes being mounted on chassis pedestal for bump leveller, it, can be to avoid will inhale while easy disassembly
Vibration device is directly installed on vehicle bottom, causes to destroy the structure of vehicle bottom；
4, cruciform member is used for the winding of magnet exciting coil using beam arm notching construction, and coil is avoided to be directly wound in beam arm
On, it is convenient that magnetic separator is wrapped up to bump leveller outer framework while can effectively improve magnetic field utilization rate, it is reinforced and is tied using center
Structure improves the use reliability of cruciform member；
5, vertical magnetic conductive pole and cruciform member had both constituted the outer framework of bump leveller, avoided oscillator because falling off to railcar
The magnetic conductive loop of bring safety risks or bump leveller is high to the components utilization rate of bump leveller；
6, using multilayer beam structure, the reliability of bump leveller when oscillator vibration can be improved, while can ensure that bump leveller
Magnetic circuit closed condition is good, improves the effectiveness in vibration suppression of bump leveller；
7, oscillator uses rectangular notching construction, makes vertical magnetic conductive pole is discontiguous to be enclosed in escape groove, space-saving
Meanwhile maximize oscillator quality；
8, magnetic rheology elastic body need to be slightly less than the design of copper band height using height, magnetic rheology elastic body can be made to wrap completely
It is rolled in the magnetic field of magnet exciting coil generation, improves the functional reliability of magnetic rheology elastic body, guarantee that magnetic circuit is unobstructed；
9, apparatus structure is simple and compact, is suitble to be arranged installation in vehicle body of railway vehicle, modularization easy to accomplish can root
Factually border Vibration Condition is installed in parallel multiple bump levellers and is combined use, not will cause the interference with other equipment under vehicle.
In conclusion the shock attenuation result of the present apparatus is good, energy consumption is few, overcomes passive type dynamic vibration absorber vibration damping frequency band mistake
It is narrow, the wideband vibration damping on vertical can be carried out to the vehicle body of railway vehicle for leading to the problem of abnormal vibrations due to track irregularity；Gram
Having taken active power bump leveller, structure is complicated, manufacturing cost is high, consume energy big disadvantage, and simple structure is compact, is easily installed, and pacifies
Full high reliablity, conducive to rail vehicle bottom is arranged in, will not influence urban rail to remaining space under rail vehicle using rationally
The safety of vehicle operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of stereoscopic schematic diagram of preferred structure of the present apparatus
Fig. 2 faces magnetic circuit schematic diagram for Fig. 1's
Fig. 3 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of cruciform member in Fig. 1
Fig. 4 is multilayer grooved oscillator figure in Fig. 1
Fig. 5 is the schematic view of the mounting position of the present apparatus on the rail vehicle
Fig. 6 is the Vertical Acceleration map of vehicle body of railway vehicle when installing different vibration absorbing structures
Fig. 7 is the magnetic induction line distribution map of bump leveller in Fig. 2
Fig. 8 is the Magnetic Induction Density Distribution figure of bump leveller in Fig. 2
Fig. 9 is the two-freedom model figure of bump leveller
In Fig. 1~8: 1 is chassis pedestal, and 2 be vertical magnetic conductive pole, and 3 be cruciform member, and 301 be installation through-hole, and 302 are
Winding slot, 4 be magnet exciting coil, and 5 be copper band, and 6 be magnetic rheology elastic body, and 7 be multilayer grooved oscillator, and 701 be connecting shaft, and 702 are
Escape groove, 8 be load bearing spring, and 9 is reinforce nut, and 10 be reinforcing bolt.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, the cruciform member 3 of about three layers configured in parallel, which passes through, runs through four ends of " ten " word beam arm
The vertical magnetic conductive poles 2 of four verticals suspend and be fixed on positioned at the lower section of chassis pedestal 1 of rail vehicle bottom, constitute power
The outer framework of bump leveller；
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 2, multilayer grooved oscillator 7 is in " string " font, the oscillator being parallel to each other including about two layers and position
In oscillator center, two layers of oscillator is connected and fixed to the connecting shaft 701 being integrated, every layer of oscillator is box-shaped, is located at phase
Between adjacent two layers of cruciform member 3, the five layers of superposition knot being spaced apart from each other is formed between multilayer grooved oscillator 7 and cruciform member 3
Multilayer grooved oscillator 7 is hung or is supported and is mounted on cruciform member 3 by structure, load bearing spring 8；Every layer of oscillator is box-shaped
Four sides open up escape groove 702, and vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 is passed through from escape groove 702, do not contact with 702 vallecular cavity of escape groove, open multilayer
It is detached from independently of each other between slot oscillator 7 and vertical magnetic conductive pole 2.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3,3 center of cruciform member opens up vertical installation through-hole 301, and 701 upper end of connecting shaft is protruded into
In the installation through-hole 301 of the cruciform member 3 of top layer, the installation through-hole 301 of undermost cruciform member 3 is protruded into lower end
Interior, middle section is passed through out of the cruciform member 3 of middle layer installation through-hole 301, interior between installation through-hole 301 and connecting shaft 701
It is arranged the copper band 5 and magnetic rheology elastic body 6 of annular outside, 6 height of magnetic rheology elastic body is less than the height of copper band 5, magnetorheological elasticity
Body 6 and the inside and outside suit of copper band 5 are pasted and are fixed as one, and 5 outer ring of copper band is close to be fixed on installation through-hole 301, magnetorheological elasticity
6 inner ring of body pastes 701 outer rim of connecting shaft；When multilayer grooved oscillator 7 vibrates, the dragging of connecting shaft 701 makes magnetorheological elasticity
6 elastic deformation of body makes oscillator have the leeway vibrated up and down；Three sections of connecting shafts 701 and three annular magnetic rheology elastic bodies 6 are matched
It closes, forms the elastic connection between outer framework, enable multilayer grooved oscillator 7 along the axially opposing chassis base of installation through-hole 301
Seat 1 vibrates up and down.
As shown in figure 3, on four beam arms of each cruciform member 3, from 301 outer rim of installation through-hole towards beam arm end
Winding slot 302 is opened up respectively, and winding slot 302 is flat along radial two be provided on 3 beam arm of cruciform member of installation through-hole 301
Wiring trough, winding slot 302 is using the circumferential surface of installation through-hole 301 as starting point；Magnet exciting coil 4 is wound in winding slot 302；As shown in Figure 2
On same layer cruciform member 3, two opposite magnet exciting coils 4 close to 301 one end of installation through-hole power positive cathode on the contrary, adjacent
On two layers of cruciform member 3, the power positive cathode of upper and lower two magnet exciting coils 4 of corresponding position is opposite；Copper band 5 and surrounding
Four magnet exciting coils 4 are electrically connected close to 301 one end of installation through-hole.
Threaded connection is all made of between vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 and cruciform member 3, between vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 and chassis pedestal 1
It is fixed, multi-segment thread section, four ends of 3 beam arm of cruciform member and the correspondence position of chassis pedestal 1 are had on vertical magnetic conductive pole 2
It sets and opens up threaded hole respectively；As shown in Fig. 1~2, the top side that chassis pedestal 1 is bonded rail vehicle bottom opens up opening upwards
Mounting groove, four corners are respectively provided with a threaded hole in mounting groove, open up screw thread reinforced hole respectively on the quadrangle of each threaded hole；It hangs down
It is in the ladder shaft-like of small end upward to 2 upper end of magnetic conductive pole, step surface is close on small end and screws reinforcing nut 9, four reinforcing bolts
10 are upward through reinforcing nut 9, are tightened in screw thread reinforced hole；It is close to cruciform member 3 on vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 and screws reinforcing spiral shell
Mother 9.
Chassis pedestal 1, multilayer grooved oscillator 7 and 3 beam arm of cruciform member are all made of the round and smooth processing in corner.
The connecting shaft 701 of multilayer grooved oscillator 7 is every magnet or its external covering magnetic separator layer；Cruciform member
3, vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 is magnetizer；Magnetic separator layer is coated outside vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, cruciform member 3 and magnet exciting coil 4,
Magnet exciting coil 4 is enameled wire loop, guarantees the interval magnetic of bump leveller and rail vehicle bottom.
Two circles are formed between adjacent two layers cruciform member 3 from magnet exciting coil 4, cruciform member 3, vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, ten
Cross-beam of character form 3, magnet exciting coil 4, magnetic rheology elastic body 6, magnet exciting coil 4, cruciform member 3, vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, cross are horizontal
Beam 3, magnet exciting coil 4, magnetic rheology elastic body 6 return the right-angled intersection closed magnetic circuit of magnet exciting coil 4, as shown in Figure 2.
Using the dynamic vibration absorber for when solving the problems, such as vehicle body of railway vehicle vertical vibration, type selecting to be pacified according to the following steps
Dress:
The first step, each theoretical parameter that bump leveller is determined according to dynamic vibration absorber theory: bump leveller is reduced to two freely
Model is spent, as shown in figure 9, setting Mj、Kj、CjAnd ZjIt shakes based on respectively and the quality of system, rigidity, damping and vibrates up and down displacement, Md、
Kd、CdAnd ZdThe respectively quality, rigidity of bump leveller, damping and up-down vibration displacement；Assuming that main vibration system is by harmonic excitation F
Sin ω t, according to newton second theorem, then the kinetics equation of the coupled system are as follows:
Bump leveller differential equation of motion:
The following terms need to be introduced by studying dynamic vibration absorber:
Dynamic vibration absorber and main vibration are mass ratio:
The inherent circular frequency of main vibration system:Known ωj=2 π fj, fjBased on shake the intrinsic time frequency of system；
The inherent circular frequency of dynamic vibration absorber vibration:Known ωd=2 π fd, fdFor the proper time of bump leveller
Between frequency；
The damping ratio of dynamic vibration absorber:
The vibration ratio of bump leveller and main vibration system:
In two degrees of freedom model of vibration, when dynamic vibration absorber is met certain condition, bump leveller could utmostly be inhaled
The vibrational energy of main vibration system is received, bump leveller has preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression, and actual conditions are as follows:
Optimal people having the same aspiration and interest condition:
Optimal damper condition:
The then intrinsic frequency f of bump levellerdIt should design are as follows:
It can thus be appreciated that the rigidity Design value K of bump levellerdAre as follows:
According to the damping C of the damping ratio formula bump leveller of bump levellerdAre as follows:
Cd=4 π Mdfdζ
Solve the solution value of above-mentioned formula according to auto model, solution value further according to above-mentioned formula and corresponding magnetorheological
The correlation properties of elastomer are solved, and elastic damping of the magnetic rheology elastic body 6 for meeting and calculating and requiring as bump leveller is chosen
Element determines the mass elements of the quality size and the number of plies of multilayer grooved oscillator 7 as bump leveller, and according to multilayer grooved oscillator
7 quality size chooses the suitable 8 balance vibrators gravity of load bearing spring of rigidity；In the embodiment, the outer framework of dynamic vibration absorber
Cube side length is 0.5m, i.e., the height of vertical magnetic conductive pole 2 is 0.5m, and the length of cruciform member 3 is 0.5m, magnetorheological elasticity
The internal diameter of body 6 is 0.02m, and the height of outer diameter 0.04m, three sections of magnetic rheology elastic bodies of upper, middle and lower are all 0.03m, alternatively, considering
It is that a kind of characteristic can be in specific type selecting by changing the intellectual material that configuration method be modified to magnetic rheology elastic body
Make symmetrical configuration and convenient for configuration, 0.03m can also be designed as by the height for being located in the middle magnetic rheology elastic body 6 is smaller, on
Lower two magnetic rheology elastic bodies 6 are 0.04m.
Second step installs magnetorheological elasticity between the three sections of connecting shafts 701 and installation through-hole 301 of multilayer grooved oscillator 7
The inside and outside suit of body 6 and copper band 5, magnetic rheology elastic body 6 and copper band 5, which is pasted, to be fixed as one, and 5 outer ring of copper band is close to be fixed on installation
On through-hole 301,6 inner ring of magnetic rheology elastic body envelopes 701 outer rim of connecting shaft；
Third step installs vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, cruciform member 3 additional in the outside of multilayer grooved oscillator 7, makes to hang down by screw thread
It is connected and fixed and is integrated to magnetic conductive pole 2 and cruciform member 3, and reinforced by reinforcing nut 9, in the coiling of cruciform member 3
Magnet exciting coil 4 is wound in slot 302；
4th step integrally carries out the assembled component of third step every magnetic treatment, such as: in vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, cross
Magnetic separator layer is coated outside crossbeam 3 and magnet exciting coil 4, then is installed on chassis pedestal 1, alternatively, third step is assembled
Component integral installation to chassis pedestal 1 on, then bump leveller is integrally carried out every magnetic treatment, such as: it is vertical in chassis pedestal 1
Magnetic conductive pole 2,4 outside integral coating magnetic separator layer of cruciform member 3 and magnet exciting coil；
Bump leveller multiple intervals in parallel are mounted on rail vehicle bottom, or are individually attached to rail vehicle by the 5th step
Bottom in embodiment as shown in Figure 5, in individual railcar bottom, has been installed in parallel altogether 10.
After dynamic vibration absorber installs, when rail vehicle generates vertical vibration in the process of running, the vibration of car body is passed through
Chassis pedestal 1, vertical magnetic conductive pole 2, cruciform member 3 and magnetic rheology elastic body 6 are transferred to multilayer grooved oscillator 7；It installs in-orbit
Vibrating sensor real-time monitoring body oscillating frequency when track irregularity (i.e. to the vibrational excitation frequency of vehicle) on road vehicle,
And control unit is fed back to, control unit changes the current strength by magnet exciting coil 4 based on the feedback signal, so as to adjust magnetic current
The rigidity for becoming elastomer 6, tunes the intrinsic frequency of bump leveller mutually with the vehicle body of railway vehicle vibration frequency moment, it is ensured that each frequency
Under body oscillating energy can be absorbed by the multilayer grooved oscillator 7 of bump leveller, inhibit car body vertical vibration, realize to vehicle
The wideband vibration damping of body.
Fig. 6 is running velocity when being 60km/h, the magnetorheological bump leveller of the installation present apparatus, passive type bump leveller and does not pacify
The Vertical Acceleration map of car body when filling bump leveller.There are two vibration peak frequencies 1.38Hz, 1.94Hz in car body at this time,
Using passive type bump leveller when carrying out car body Vibration Absorption Designing, it has to need to be directed to crest frequency at two and separately design, respectively
Referred to as passive type bump leveller I, passive type bump leveller II.Seen by what can be will be apparent that in figure, the vehicle of magnetorheological bump leveller is installed
Body Vertical Acceleration spectrum density is both less than passive type bump leveller I, II, and effectiveness in vibration suppression is preferable；In the work of magnetorheological bump leveller
Make outside frequency range, magnetorheological bump leveller can also play good damping effect, this is because the intrinsic frequency of magnetorheological bump leveller at this time
Although rate can not play optimal resonance effect to the vibration of car body, compared to passive type bump leveller, magnetorheological bump leveller
Intrinsic frequency is also coordinated very much with body oscillating frequency, it is possible to play damping effect to a certain extent.
Fig. 7 is the magnetic induction line distribution map of Fig. 2, and along cutting direction shown in Fig. 2, three layers of cruciform member 3 and two sides are hung down
Two closed circuits are formed altogether to magnetic conductive pole 2, at " day " font.Magnetic induction line in magnetic circuit is unimpeded, and the magnetic force of different zones
Intensity is relatively uniform, illustrates that the magnetic structure of this bump leveller is reasonable.
Fig. 8 is the magnetorheological bump leveller Magnetic Induction Density Distribution figure of Fig. 2, and along cutting direction shown in Fig. 2, magnetic field strength is in
Up and down, bilateral symmetry is distributed, and the Distribution of Magnetic Field at upper and lower two pieces of magnetic rheology elastic bodies is identical, and magnetorheological elasticity can be improved
The functional reliability of body.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber, it is characterised in that: the cross of configured in parallel above and below multilayer
Vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) suspension that crossbeam (3) passes through four verticals through four ends of " ten " word beam arm, which is fixed on, to be located at
Below the chassis pedestal (1) of rail vehicle bottom；
Multilayer grooved oscillator (7) includes the oscillator and connect positioned at oscillator center, by multilayer oscillator that multilayer is parallel to each other up and down
The connecting shaft (701) being fixed as one is connect, every layer of oscillator is respectively positioned between adjacent two layers cruciform member (3), multilayer grooved vibration
Form the multiple-layer stacked structure being spaced apart from each other between sub (7) and cruciform member (3), load bearing spring (8) is by multilayer grooved oscillator
(7) it hangs or supports and be mounted on cruciform member (3), between multilayer grooved oscillator (7) and vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) mutually solely
It is vertical to be detached from；
Cruciform member (3) center opens up vertical installation through-hole (301), and the cross of top layer is protruded into connecting shaft (701) upper end
In the installation through-hole (301) of shape crossbeam (3), lower end is protruded into the installation through-hole (301) of undermost cruciform member (3), in
Section is passed through out of the cruciform member (3) of middle layer installation through-hole (301), between installation through-hole (301) and connecting shaft (701)
Magnetic rheology elastic body (6) equipped with annular, magnetic rheology elastic body (6) outer ring are close to be fixed on installation through-hole (301), inner ring packet
Connecting shaft (701) outer rim is covered, multilayer grooved oscillator (7) can shake up and down along the axially opposing chassis pedestal (1) of installation through-hole (301)
It is dynamic；
On four beam arms of every layer of cruciform member (3), winding slot is opened up respectively from installation through-hole (301) towards beam arm end
(302), magnet exciting coil (4) are wound in winding slot (302)；On single layer cruciform member (3), two opposite magnet exciting coils (4)
Power positive cathode close to installation through-hole (301) one end on the contrary, on adjacent two layers cruciform member (3), corresponding position it is upper and lower
The power positive cathode of two magnet exciting coils (4) is opposite；
The connecting shaft (701) of multilayer grooved oscillator (7) is every magnet or its external covering magnetic separator layer；Cruciform member
(3), vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) is magnetizer；The interval magnetic of the bump leveller and rail vehicle bottom；
Two circles are formed between adjacent two layers cruciform member (3) from magnet exciting coil (4), cruciform member (3), vertical magnetic conductive pole
(2), cruciform member (3), magnet exciting coil (4), magnetic rheology elastic body (6), magnet exciting coil (4), cruciform member (3), vertical
The cross that magnetic conductive pole (2), cruciform member (3), magnet exciting coil (4), magnetic rheology elastic body (6) return magnet exciting coil (4) is handed over
Pitch closed magnetic circuit；
When rail vehicle generates vertical vibration in the process of running, chassis pedestal (1), vertical magnetic conductive pole are passed through in the vibration of car body
(2), cruciform member (3) and magnetic rheology elastic body (6) are transferred to multilayer grooved oscillator (7)；
Vibrating sensor real-time monitoring body oscillating frequency on the rail vehicle is installed and feeds back to control unit, control unit
Change based on the feedback signal makes to inhale by the current strength of magnet exciting coil (4) so as to adjust the rigidity of magnetic rheology elastic body (6)
The intrinsic frequency of vibration device is mutually tuned with the vehicle body of railway vehicle vibration frequency moment, it is ensured that the body oscillating energy under each frequency all may be used
To be absorbed by the multilayer grooved oscillator (7) of bump leveller, inhibit car body vertical vibration, realizes the wideband vibration damping to car body.
2. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described vertical to lead
Magnetic bar (2), cruciform member (3) and magnet exciting coil (4) are external to coat magnetic separator layer, and the magnet exciting coil (4) is enamel-cover
Coil.
3. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described magnetorheological
Four magnet exciting coils (4) of nested copper band (5) between elastomer (6) and installation through-hole (301), copper band (5) and surrounding are close to peace
Fill the electrical connection of through-hole (301) one end；Magnetic rheology elastic body (6) and the inside and outside suit of copper band (5) are pasted and are fixed as one, copper band (5)
Outer ring is close to be fixed on installation through-hole (301), and magnetic rheology elastic body (6) inner ring pastes connecting shaft (701) outer rim；Work as multilayer
When fluting oscillator (7) vibration, the dragging of connecting shaft (701) makes magnetic rheology elastic body (6) elastic deformation, and oscillator is made to have vibration up and down
Dynamic leeway.
4. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described magnetorheological
Elastomer (6) is highly less than the height of copper band (5).
5. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the winding slot
It (302) is two parallel wire casings being radially provided with along installation through-hole (301) on cruciform member (3) beam arm, winding slot (302)
Using the circumferential surface of installation through-hole (301) as starting point.
6. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described vertical to lead
Threaded connection is all made of between magnetic bar (2) and cruciform member (3), between vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) and chassis pedestal (1) to fix,
Multi-segment thread section, four ends of cruciform member (3) beam arm and the correspondence of chassis pedestal (1) are had on vertical magnetic conductive pole (2)
Threaded hole is opened up on position respectively.
7. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the chassis base
The top side of seat (1) fitting rail vehicle bottom opens up the mounting groove of opening upwards, and four corners are respectively provided with a screw thread in mounting groove
Hole opens up screw thread reinforced hole on the quadrangle of each threaded hole respectively；Vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) upper end is in the multi-diameter shaft of small end upward
Shape is close to step surface on small end and screws reinforce nut (9), and four reinforcings bolts (10) are upward through reinforcing nut (9), are tightened on
In screw thread reinforced hole；It is close to cruciform member (3) on vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) and screws reinforcing nut (9).
8. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the multilayer is opened
The oscillator of slot oscillator (7) is box-shaped, and four sides open up escape groove (702), and vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) passes through from escape groove (702), no
It is contacted with escape groove (702) vallecular cavity.
9. magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cross
Crossbeam (3) quantity is three layers, the outer framework of four vertical magnetic conductive pole (2) and three layers of cruciform members (3) composition dynamic vibration absorber；
The multilayer grooved oscillator (7) is the Dual-layer slotting oscillator in " string " font；Three sections of connecting shafts (701) and three annulars are magnetorheological
Elastomer (6) cooperation, forms the elastic connection between outer framework.
10. a kind of method that type selecting installs magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber described in claim 1:
The first step, each theoretical parameter that bump leveller is determined according to dynamic vibration absorber theory: bump leveller is reduced to two degrees of freedom mould
Type, if Mj、Kj、CjAnd ZjIt shakes based on respectively and the quality of system, rigidity, damping and vibrates up and down displacement, Md、Kd、CdAnd ZdRespectively inhale
Quality, rigidity, damping and the up-down vibration displacement of vibration device；Assuming that main vibration is by harmonic excitation Fsin ω t, according to newton second
Theorem, the then kinetics equation of the coupled system are as follows:
Bump leveller differential equation of motion:
The following terms need to be introduced by studying dynamic vibration absorber:
Dynamic vibration absorber and main vibration are mass ratio:
The inherent circular frequency of main vibration system:Known ωj=2 π fj,fjBased on shake the intrinsic time frequency of system；
The inherent circular frequency of dynamic vibration absorber vibration:Known ωd=2 π fd, fdFor the intrinsic time frequency of bump leveller
Rate；
The damping ratio of dynamic vibration absorber:
The vibration ratio of bump leveller and main vibration system:
In two degrees of freedom model of vibration, when dynamic vibration absorber is met certain condition, bump leveller could utmostly absorb master
Shake the vibrational energy for being, bump leveller has preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression, and actual conditions are as follows:
Optimal people having the same aspiration and interest condition:
Optimal damper condition:
The then intrinsic frequency f of bump levellerdIt should design are as follows:
It can thus be appreciated that the rigidity Design value K of bump levellerdAre as follows:
According to the damping C of the damping ratio formula bump leveller of bump levellerdAre as follows:
Cd=4 π Mdfdζ
The solution value that above-mentioned formula is solved according to auto model, solution value and corresponding magnetorheological elasticity further according to above-mentioned formula
The correlation properties of body are solved, and elastic damping member of the magnetic rheology elastic body (6) for meeting and calculating and requiring as bump leveller is chosen
Part determines the mass elements of the quality size and the number of plies of multilayer grooved oscillator (7) as bump leveller, and according to multilayer grooved oscillator
(7) quality size chooses the suitable load bearing spring of rigidity (8) balance vibrators gravity；
Second step installs magnetic rheology elastic body between the connecting shaft (701) and installation through-hole (301) of multilayer grooved oscillator (7)
(6), magnetic rheology elastic body (6) inner ring envelopes connecting shaft (701) outer rim, and outer ring is close to be fixed on installation through-hole (301)；
Third step installs vertical magnetic conductive pole (2), cruciform member (3) additional in the outside of multilayer grooved oscillator (7), makes vertical magnetic conduction
Bar (2) and cruciform member (3) are connected and fixed and are integrated, and magnet exciting coil is wound in the winding slot (302) of cruciform member (3)
(4)；
The assembled component of third step is integrally carried out every magnetic treatment, then is installed on chassis pedestal (1) by the 4th step, alternatively, will
In third step assembled component integral installation to chassis pedestal (1), then bump leveller is integrally carried out every magnetic treatment；
The multiple intervals of bump leveller are mounted on rail vehicle bottom, or are individually attached to rail vehicle bottom by the 5th step.
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| CN110701987B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-09-21 | 恒有（苏州）精工机电有限公司 | Displacement sensor based on layered magneto-rheological elastomer |
| CN110145564B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2023-12-29 | 天津大学 | Controllable flexible vibration damper for cutting thin-wall part |
| CN110608260B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2024-05-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | Mass-adjustable vibration absorber for urban rail vehicle and vibration reduction principle |
| CN110985591A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 南京师范大学 | Controllable magnetorheological elastomer suspension system for power battery pack |
| CN111907450B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-23 | 安徽雷博机车部件有限公司 | Multiple buffering mechanism for vehicle parts |
| CN113669404B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-10-21 | 上海工程技术大学 | Magnetorheological elastomer composite vibration absorber device with double-vibrator structure |
| CN113942533B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-03-28 | 同济大学 | Under-vehicle shock absorber for inhibiting vertical vibration of railway vehicle body |
| CN114248813B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-02 | 同济大学 | Variable damping dynamic vibration absorber for railway vehicle |
| CN115289175B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-09-17 | 上海工程技术大学 | Vibration reduction support for vehicle suspension |
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| CN100507305C (en) * | 2005-10-15 | 2009-07-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Magnetic flowing deformation elastomer frequency shift type attenuator and control method |
| CN104879431B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | Combined intelligent isolation bearing of magnetorheological elastomer |
| CN105626754A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-01 | 东南大学 | Multi-fin rotary magneto-rheological fluid damper based on S-shaped magnetic circuit |
| CN205896020U (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏师范大学 | Half initiative pneumatic suspension unit of high speed train with adjustable rigidity and damping |
| CN206571897U (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-10-20 | 北京理工大学 | Semi- active control type vertical vibration isolation device with quasi- zero stiffness |
| CN107339352B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-08-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller |
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