CN107934980B - method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed Download PDF

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CN107934980B
CN107934980B CN201711317357.2A CN201711317357A CN107934980B CN 107934980 B CN107934980 B CN 107934980B CN 201711317357 A CN201711317357 A CN 201711317357A CN 107934980 B CN107934980 B CN 107934980B
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fluidized bed
mineral powder
lepidolite
circulating fluidized
circulating
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CN107934980A (en
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旷戈
候彭
汤军军
陈玉红
何杰
李付杰
邢盛洲
刘瑜
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Fuzhou University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20Silicates
    • C01B33/36Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
    • C01B33/38Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
    • C01B33/42Micas ; Interstratified clay-mica products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite in a circulating fluidized bed, which comprises the following specific steps: putting the ground mineral powder into a circulating fluidized bed, rising along with combustion hot gas and introduced water vapor, roasting, defluorinating, then feeding the mineral powder into a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the fluidized bed for gas-solid separation, feeding the mineral powder into a circulating discharge tank, blowing part of the mineral powder into the fluidized bed through air or steam for circulating roasting, defluorinating, and discharging the rest of the mineral powder into a cooler for cooling to obtain a defluorinated lepidolite finished product; the tail gas of the cyclone separation enters a dust removal system after being cooled by a waste heat steam recovery system to recover heat, and is finally defluorinated and exhausted to the atmosphere. According to the method, the lepidolite mineral powder is in contact reaction with high-temperature water vapor in a fluidized state, so that the temperature is uniformly controlled, the defluorination is stable and thorough, and the temperature is uniformly controlled; the process is simple, the heat in the whole process is recovered in the form of steam and preheated air, and the heat recovery rate is high.

Description

Method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of mineral raw material treatment, and particularly relates to a lepidolite circulating fluidized bed roasting defluorination method.
Background
With the development of high and new technologies, lithium is widely applied as a green new energy material in the fields of electric vehicles, lithium ion batteries and the like, so that the world demand for lithium and compounds thereof is explosively increased. China is rich in lithium-containing minerals such as spodumene and lepidolite. After the alpha-spodumene crystal form is converted into the beta-spodumene, the lithium element in the alpha-spodumene crystal form is easy to extract. The lepidolite mineral is a typical layered silicate structure mineral, lithium in the mineral is embedded in a [ Si-O ] crystal lattice, and the mineral contains fluorine, so that the difficulty in directly extracting lithium from the lepidolite concentrate without treatment is high, and the research on the lepidolite defluorination method has important significance for the subsequent ore lithium extraction industry.
the lepidolite circulating fluidized bed roasting defluorination method provided by the invention adopts alkanes such as coal tar, natural gas, liquefied gas and the like and coke oven gas as fuels, and the burning high-temperature gas contains a large amount of water vapor, so that the mineral powder starts defluorination reaction in the process of rapidly heating in the circulating fluidized bed; the waste heat of the tail gas after roasting is directly recovered into steam, so that the energy consumption is low and the heat recovery rate is high; and the flow is simple and the process resistance is small.
disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite in a circulating fluidized bed, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The crushed lepidolite is put into the circulating fluidized bed, the lepidolite mineral powder circulates in the circulating fluidized bed, the steam is fully contacted with the mineral powder, the reaction time is enough, and the defluorination rate of the mineral powder is high; the waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas is recovered into steam, so that the heat is fully utilized, the heat loss is less, and the utilization rate of energy is high.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite in a circulating fluidized bed comprises the following steps:
1) Grinding the lepidolite ore to a certain particle size by using a grinder to obtain lepidolite ore powder;
2) Introducing the ground lepidolite mineral powder into a circulating fluidized bed, defluorinating and roasting the lepidolite mineral powder, combustion gas generated by a combustor at the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed and introduced water vapor, and then introducing the mineral powder and hot gas flow into a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the circulating fluidized bed for gas-solid separation; the separated mineral powder enters a circulating discharge groove, part of steam or air is introduced into a circulating fluidized bed to be continuously defluorinated and roasted with the newly added mineral powder, and the rest mineral powder is discharged into a cooler through the discharge groove, cooled by air and recovered with heat, so that defluorinated lepidolite is obtained; tail gas separated by the cyclone separator enters a waste heat steam recovery system for cooling, and part of the recovered steam enters the circulating fluidized bed to participate in defluorination reaction; after the cooled gas passes through a cloth bag or electric dust removal, the gas enters a tail gas defluorination system and is exhausted after reaching the standard; and the mineral powder collected in the waste heat steam recovery system and the cloth bag or electric precipitation sedimentation returns to the circulating fluidized bed for continuous defluorination and roasting.
Grinding the lepidolite ore in the step 1) to the particle size of less than 1000 mu m; the water content of the lepidolite ore is less than 10wt%, the lithium oxide content in the lepidolite ore is more than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the fluorine content is more than 0.5 wt%.
In the step 2), the movement directions of the mineral powder and the hot air flow in the fluidized bed are consistent; the ore powder is heated to the temperature of 700 ℃ and 950 ℃; the flow rate of the hot gas is 0.5-5 m/s; the amount of the mineral powder newly added into the circulating fluidized bed is 3 to 20 percent of the total amount of the mineral powder circulating in the circulating fluidized bed; the amount of the mineral powder introduced into the circulating fluidized bed from the circulating discharge groove and continuously subjected to defluorination roasting accounts for 80-97% of the amount of the mineral powder in the circulating discharge groove; the total average retention time of the mineral powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 5-50 min; the temperature of the defluorination roasting tail gas after cyclone separation of the circulating fluidized bed is 700-950 ℃, and the temperature of the tail gas entering the waste heat steam recovery system is reduced to 150-300 ℃; the preheated air in the cooler is introduced into the combustor by a Roots blower to assist combustion or blown into the circulating discharge chute to bring part of the ore powder into the circulating fluidized bed for circulating roasting.
The fuel in the combustor in the step 2) is one or more of coal tar, natural gas, liquefied gas or coke oven gas; the water vapour content of the combustion gases is > 1.5 wt%; the amount of the introduced water vapor is 0.2-10% of the weight of the lepidolite mineral powder put into the circulating fluidized bed;
By adopting the method for treatment, the defluorination rate of the obtained lepidolite is more than 95 percent, the heat of the fuel is recovered in the form of steam and hot air in the roasting process, and the heat recovery rate is more than 60 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the process, the single-stage circulating fluidized bed is combined with the tail gas waste heat to recover steam, so that the lepidolite is fully defluorinated in the circulating fluidized bed and is easy to control, the steam is recovered by the hot gas waste heat, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the heat loss is reduced; compared with the multistage circulating fluidized bed system, the process is short, is easier to control, has less investment and small process resistance, and has small occupied area, low energy consumption, less equipment investment and more thorough defluorination compared with the traditional rotary kiln process.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention, wherein: 1, a pulverizer; 2, circulating the fluidized bed; 3, a cyclone separator; 4. a circulating discharge groove; 5, a cooler; 6, a Roots blower 7 and a burner; 8, a waste heat steam recovery system; 9, electric dust removal or bag-type dust remover; 10, tail gas defluorination system.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed comprises the following specific steps:
Grinding lepidolite ore to a particle size of 80 μm; then adding lepidolite mineral powder with the water content of 8wt%, the lithium oxide content of 0.5wt% and the fluorine content of 1.5wt% into a circulating fluidized bed, roasting and defluorinating along with hot air generated by a combustor at the bottom of the fluidized bed and introduced steam, wherein the steam content in combustion gas is 10wt%, the introduced steam amount is 2% of the weight of lepidolite in the circulating fluidized bed, the hot air flow rate is 2m/s, and the mineral powder is heated to 850 ℃; then the ore powder enters a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the fluidized bed for gas-solid separation, the ore powder falls into a circulating discharge tank, 85 percent of the ore powder is blown into the fluidized bed through air or steam for circulating roasting, the total retention reaction time of the ore powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 40min, and the rest ore powder is discharged into a cooler and is cooled by air to obtain a finished product of the defluorinated lepidolite; the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separation is 850 ℃, the tail gas enters a waste heat steam recovery system to be cooled to 150 ℃, and the tail gas enters a tail gas defluorination system after being subjected to cloth bag dust removal to be defluorinated and discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard. The whole process has lepidolite defluorination rate of 97 percent and heat recovery rate of 70 percent.
Example 2
A method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed comprises the following specific steps:
Grinding lepidolite ore to the particle size of 110 mu m; then adding lepidolite mineral powder with the water content of 5wt%, the lithium oxide content of 4.0wt% and the fluorine content of 0.8wt% into a circulating fluidized bed, roasting and defluorinating along with hot air generated by a combustor at the bottom of the fluidized bed and introduced steam, wherein the steam content in combustion gas is 10wt%, the introduced steam amount is 8% of the weight of lepidolite in the circulating fluidized bed, the hot air flow rate is 3m/s, and the mineral powder is heated to 840 ℃; then the ore powder enters a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the fluidized bed for gas-solid separation, the ore powder falls into a circulating discharge tank, 80 percent of the ore powder is blown into the fluidized bed through air or steam for circulating roasting, the total retention reaction time of the ore powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 30min, and the rest ore powder is discharged into a cooler and is cooled by air to obtain a finished product of the defluorinated lepidolite; the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separation is 840 ℃, the tail gas enters a waste heat steam recovery system to be cooled to 150 ℃, and the tail gas enters a tail gas defluorination system after being subjected to cloth bag dust removal to be defluorinated and then is discharged into the atmosphere. The whole process has lepidolite defluorination rate of 98 percent and heat recovery rate of 80 percent.
Example 3
A method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed comprises the following specific steps:
grinding lepidolite ore to the particle size of 60 mu m; then adding lepidolite mineral powder with the water content of 8wt%, the lithium oxide content of 0.5wt% and the fluorine content of 1.5wt% into a circulating fluidized bed, roasting and defluorinating along with hot air generated by a combustor at the bottom of the fluidized bed and introduced steam, wherein the steam content in combustion gas is 12wt%, the introduced steam amount is 5% of the weight of lepidolite in the circulating fluidized bed, the hot air flow rate is 3m/s, and the mineral powder is heated to 860 ℃; then the ore powder enters a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the fluidized bed for gas-solid separation, the ore powder falls into a circulating discharge tank, 90 percent of the ore powder is blown into the fluidized bed through air or steam for circulating roasting, the total retention reaction time of the ore powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 30min, and the rest ore powder is discharged into a cooler and is cooled by air to obtain a finished product of the defluorinated lepidolite; the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separation is 860 ℃, the tail gas enters a waste heat steam recovery system to be cooled to 180 ℃, and the tail gas enters a tail gas defluorination system after being subjected to cloth bag dust removal to be defluorinated and discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard. The whole process has lepidolite defluorination rate of 96.7 percent and heat recovery rate of 80 percent.
Example 4
A method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed comprises the following specific steps:
Grinding lepidolite ore to the particle size of 800 mu m; then adding lepidolite mineral powder with the water content of 3wt%, the lithium oxide content of 3.6wt% and the fluorine content of 2.8wt% into a circulating fluidized bed, roasting and defluorinating along with hot air generated by a combustor at the bottom of the fluidized bed and introduced steam, wherein the steam content in combustion gas is 15wt%, the introduced steam amount is 5% of the weight of lepidolite in the circulating fluidized bed, the hot air flow rate is 1.5m/s, and the mineral powder is heated to 880 ℃; then the ore powder and the gas are fed into a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the fluidized bed for gas-solid separation, the ore powder falls into a circulating discharge tank, 85 percent of the ore powder is blown into the fluidized bed through air or steam for circulating roasting, the total retention reaction time of the ore powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 45min, and the rest ore powder is discharged into a cooler and is cooled by air to obtain a finished product of the defluorinated lepidolite; the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separation is 880 ℃, the tail gas enters a waste heat steam recovery system to be cooled to 160 ℃, and the tail gas enters a tail gas defluorination system after being subjected to bag dust removal to be defluorinated and discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard. The whole process has 96% of lepidolite defluorination rate and 82% of heat recovery rate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for roasting and defluorinating lepidolite circulating fluidized bed is characterized in that: the defluorination rate of the lepidolite obtained by the method is more than 95 percent, the heat of the fuel is recovered in the form of steam and hot air in the roasting process, and the heat recovery rate is more than 60 percent; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Grinding the lepidolite ore by a grinder to obtain lepidolite ore powder;
2) introducing the ground lepidolite mineral powder into a circulating fluidized bed, defluorinating and roasting the lepidolite mineral powder, combustion gas generated by a combustor at the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed and introduced water vapor, and then introducing the mineral powder and hot gas flow into a cyclone separator horizontally connected with the top of the circulating fluidized bed for gas-solid separation; the separated mineral powder enters a circulating discharge groove, part of the separated mineral powder is introduced into a circulating fluidized bed by steam or air and is continuously subjected to defluorination roasting with the newly added mineral powder, and the other part of the mineral powder is discharged into a cooler by the discharge groove and is cooled by air and the heat is recovered, so that the defluorinated lepidolite is obtained; tail gas separated by the cyclone separator enters a waste heat steam recovery system for cooling, and part of the recovered steam enters the circulating fluidized bed to participate in defluorination reaction; after the cooled gas passes through a cloth bag or electric dust removal, the gas enters a tail gas defluorination system and is exhausted after reaching the standard; mineral powder collected in a waste heat steam recovery system and a cloth bag or electric precipitation sedimentation returns to the circulating fluidized bed for continuous defluorination roasting;
In the step 2), the movement directions of the mineral powder and the hot air flow in the fluidized bed are consistent; the ore powder is heated to the temperature of 700 ℃ and 950 ℃; the flow rate of the hot gas is 0.5-5 m/s; the amount of the mineral powder newly added into the circulating fluidized bed is 3 to 20 percent of the total amount of the mineral powder circulating in the circulating fluidized bed; the amount of the mineral powder introduced into the circulating fluidized bed from the circulating discharge groove and continuously subjected to defluorination roasting accounts for 80-97% of the amount of the mineral powder in the circulating discharge groove; the total average retention time of the mineral powder in the circulating fluidized bed is 5-50 min; the temperature of the tail gas separated by the cyclone separator is 700-950 ℃, and the temperature of the tail gas entering the waste heat steam recovery system is reduced to 150-300 ℃; introducing preheated air in the cooler into the combustor by a Roots blower for supporting combustion or blowing the preheated air into the circulating discharge tank to bring part of the mineral powder into the circulating fluidized bed for circulating roasting;
The fuel in the combustor in the step 2) is one or more of coal tar, natural gas, liquefied gas or coke oven gas; the water vapour content of the combustion gases is > 1.5 wt%; the amount of the introduced water vapor is 0.2-10% of the weight of the lepidolite mineral powder put into the circulating fluidized bed.
2. the method for calcination and defluorination of lepidolite in a circulating fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the lepidolite ore is ground to the particle size of less than 1000 mu m; the water content of the lepidolite ore is less than 10wt%, the lithium oxide content in the lepidolite ore is more than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the fluorine content is more than 0.5 wt%.
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CN114933309B (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-08-25 江西博瑞新材料科技有限公司 Method for extracting and enriching lepidolite based on lithium ore pressed tail mud
CN114790006A (en) * 2022-06-09 2022-07-26 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 Suspension roasting method for lepidolite mineral powder

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CN102586587A (en) * 2012-03-24 2012-07-18 宜春合纵锂业科技有限公司 Novel method for treating lepidolite ore

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CN102530874A (en) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-04 宜春合纵锂业科技有限公司 Method for preparing hydrogen fluoride and fluoride product from lepidolite defluorinated tail gas
CN105331803B (en) * 2015-10-27 2017-12-26 中国科学院过程工程研究所 One kind roasting defluorinate device and technique
CN106987708B (en) * 2016-01-21 2019-06-21 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of defluorinate calciner and technique containing lithium minerals

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CN102586587A (en) * 2012-03-24 2012-07-18 宜春合纵锂业科技有限公司 Novel method for treating lepidolite ore

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