CN107925017B - Battery exterior stainless steel foil and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Battery exterior stainless steel foil and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107925017B
CN107925017B CN201680030720.XA CN201680030720A CN107925017B CN 107925017 B CN107925017 B CN 107925017B CN 201680030720 A CN201680030720 A CN 201680030720A CN 107925017 B CN107925017 B CN 107925017B
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Prior art keywords
stainless steel
steel foil
oxide layer
battery exterior
resin
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CN107925017A (en
Inventor
上田大地
松尾正一
藤井孝浩
平川直树
杉田修一
小田敬夫
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Nisshin Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
    • C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas-permeability or size
    • H01M50/133—Thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/1535—Lids or covers characterised by their shape adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas-permeability or size
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The excellent battery exterior stainless steel foil of the resin adhesion that the present invention provides a kind of after cooling thermal impact and after electrolyte dipping.Battery exterior has oxide layer (1a) with stainless steel foil (1), the Fe of the oxide layer (1a) containing 40mol% or more, Cr, 40mol% below Si fewer than Fe, the oxide layer (1a) with a thickness of 2nm or more；The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the orthogonal direction of the rolling direction of the battery exterior stainless steel foil (1) is 0.02 μm or more, less than 0.1 μm.

Description

Battery exterior stainless steel foil and its manufacturing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to be suitable as the battery exterior stainless steel foil such as the container of lithium ion secondary battery.
Background technique
The secondary cells such as nickel-cadmium cell, nickel-hydrogen cell, lithium ion secondary battery are electric for mobile phone and tablet computer etc. In sub- electrical instrument.Particularly, the mass energy density of lithium ion secondary battery is big, is suitable for miniaturization, is chiefly used in In mobile phone or removable instrument.Also, in recent years, be also used for electric tool, electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, grapefruit satellite etc. In battery, used in extensive field.
In these areas, there are miniaturization, raising mass energy density, safety and reduction costs etc. to need It asks.As the batteries exterior material such as lithium ion secondary battery, usually using the metal of the lamination covering resin of single or double Battery case is made by thermo-compression bonding (heat seal) in foil.With the raising of the demand, battery case needs that nothing is not present With space and efficiently fill the shape of cell device.Therefore, as battery exterior material, need a kind of bulging molding isobaric The metal foil of power excellent in workability, thinning and the easy aluminium foil of pressure processing or alloy foil are common.For example, patent document 1 discloses, and can have in the battery exterior material that the alloy foil upper layer of the Fe containing 0.6% or more covers lid polypropylene (PP) Effect realizes miniaturization.
But if further thinning, the breaking strength of aluminium foil declines, and when pressure processing is easy to cause the disconnected of material It splits.Also, when applying the external force such as vibration, impact, thorn with material to battery exterior, it may occur that the deformation or destruction of material, There are the danger of electrolyte inside leakage.
Also, it is known in existing lithium ion secondary battery, using in the mixed of ethylene carbonate and dialkyl carbonate It closes in solution and has dissolved LiPF6Electrolyte, hydrogen fluoride can be generated by reacting with water.The corrosivity of hydrogen fluoride is very strong, therefore Once electrolyte is revealed, it is likely that serious damage can be caused to the device of lithium ion secondary battery is mounted with.Therefore, from safety Property angle for, the material that needs breaking strength high is as the metal foil for being used as battery exterior material.
Therefore, in recent years, develop and use stainless steel foil as the battery exterior material for meeting above-mentioned required characteristic Technology.The tensile strength equal strength of stainless steel foil is usually the high intensity close to the several times of aluminium foil, compared with prior art can be Enough more thinnings and highly-safe battery exterior material.
In addition, covering the resin of lid and the attachment of metal foil on electrolyte contacts face upper layer for battery exterior material Property is important.If the adhesion between resin and metal foil is poor, as time goes by, reach gold when electrolyte is impregnated with resin When belonging to foil face, it is peeling-off with metal foil that there are resins, the risk that electrolyte leaks out.As raising stainless steel foil itself to tree The method of the adhesion of rouge, patent document 2,3 are disclosed by the way that stainless steel foil to be heat-treated under reducing atmosphere, are formed attached The technology of the excellent oxide layer of property.
In patent document 2, by that will have the stainless steel plate of random sleek or superfine sleek at 800 DEG C with enterprising Row Bright Annealing forms the oxide layer for being enriched the Si of 50mol% or more, to improve between epoxy or polyester based resin Adhesion.
In patent document 3, stainless steel foil reaches arithmetic average roughness Ra by superfine polishing and coarse stack It to 0.1 μm or more, then anneals at 600~800 DEG C, it is below that the oxide layer of formation contains 20mol% or more, 60mol% Oxygen and the Cr more than Fe, to improve the adhesion between polyolefin-based resins.
[existing technical literature]
[patent document]
[patent document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 10-208708 bulletin (on August 7th, 1998 open)
[patent document 2] Japanese patent gazette special open 2005-001245 bulletin (on January 6th, 2005 is open)
[patent document 3] Japanese patent gazette special open 2012-033295 bulletin (on 2 16th, 2012 open)
Summary of the invention
[technical problems to be solved by the invention]
But when technology disclosed in Patent Document 2 to be used for the stainless steel foil of battery exterior material, due to oxidation Si is enriched in layer, therefore when electrolyte reacts with water, generates hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen fluoride can preferentially be such that Si-O key disconnects, hair The problem of raw and between the resin after electrolyte dipping adhesion declines.
Also, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3, by annealing at 600~800 DEG C, it is suppressed that in oxide layer The enrichment of Si, also, the processing hardening for making arithmetic average roughness Ra reach 0.1 μm or more brings the diffusion coefficient of atom Thus variation makes the Cr contained in oxide layer more than Fe, to improve the adhesion between resin, still, it is still desirable into One step improves adhesion.Secondary cell temperature in charging increases, and can be repeatedly subjected to cooling thermal impact (temperature change).It needs to improve The adhesion of stainless steel foil and resin after such cooling thermal impact.And, it is also desirable to it further increases and is impregnated in electrolyte The adhesion of stainless steel foil and resin afterwards.
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind after cooling thermal impact and electrolyte impregnates The excellent battery exterior stainless steel foil of adhesion afterwards between resin.
[means for solving technical problem]
The present inventor make great efforts research as a result, it has been found that, adjustment oxide layer elemental ratio so that the containing ratio of Fe be higher than it is special While the technology recorded in sharp document 3, the lower limit value of oxidated layer thickness is set, and adjusts the arithmetic mean roughness of oxide layer Degree, thus, it is possible to obtain the adhesion of excellent battery exterior stainless steel foil and resin, has thus completed the present invention.
That is, battery exterior of the invention has oxide layer with stainless steel foil, the oxide layer contains 40mol%'s or more Fe, Cr, 40mol% below Si fewer than Fe, the oxide layer with a thickness of 2nm or more；The battery exterior stainless steel The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the orthogonal direction of the rolling direction of foil is 0.02 μm or more, less than 0.1 μm.
[The effect of invention]
According to the present invention, in oxide layer, the standard of oxide generates the containing ratio of Fe that can be relatively large and high wetability Up to 40mol% or more, the Cr contained are less than Fe, and therefore, the adhesion between resin is improved.Also, by that will aoxidize The containing ratio of Si in layer is controlled in 40mol% hereinafter, can be improved the adhesion between resin after electrolyte dipping.And And by make oxide layer with a thickness of 2nm or more, can fully realize the effect of the adhesion between raising and resin.Into one Step, in the battery exterior stainless steel foil with oxide layer, the arithmetic mean roughness of the orthogonal direction by making rolling direction Spending Ra is 0.02 μm or more, less than 0.1 μm, be able to suppress due to being sandwiched between oxide layer and resin caused by air, After cooling thermal impact and electrolyte dipping after between resin adhesion decline.Thereby, it is possible to provide one kind after cooling thermal impact And the excellent battery exterior stainless steel foil of adhesion between resin after electrolyte dipping.
Detailed description of the invention
The sectional view for the battery exterior stainless steel foil that [Fig. 1] embodiments of the present invention are related to.
The Fe spectrogram for the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis that [Fig. 2] carries out the oxide layer of battery exterior stainless steel foil.
In [Fig. 3] battery exterior stainless steel foil between the analysis depth since surface and the elemental ratio of Fe and O Relational graph.
[symbol description]
1 battery exterior stainless steel foil
1a oxide layer
Specific embodiment
Below for one embodiment of the present invention relates to, after cooling thermal impact and electrolyte dipping after between resin The excellent battery exterior of adhesion be illustrated with stainless steel foil.In addition, content below is to make spirit of the invention It obtains correct understanding and records, as long as no special specified, it is not intended to for limiting the present invention.Also, in the application, " A~B " refers to A or more, B or less.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of battery exterior stainless steel foil of the present embodiment.As shown, battery exterior is not with Oxide layer 1a is formed on the surface of rust steel foil 1.Battery exterior is manufactured with stainless steel foil 1 at least through following steps: calendering step Suddenly, wherein being rolled stainless steel plate with stack, the calendering stainless steel foil of thickness defined by having is made；And annealing step Suddenly, wherein the calendering stainless steel foil obtained by calendaring processes is made to anneal.Also, in order to make battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 There is desired roughness polishing step can also be carried out after calendaring processes if necessary on surface.In thus obtained electricity The surface upper layer of the oxide layer 1a of pond exterior stainless steel foil 1 covers lid resin (not shown), is processed into the shape of battery case.
The steel grade for constituting the stainless steel of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 can be Austenitic, ferrite type, martensite type Deng there is no particular limitation, for example, SUS304, SUS430, SUS316 etc. can be enumerated.But under solutionizing condition of heat treatment Ductility is excellent, processability is high, and processing hardening is big, the big austenitic stainless steels of intensity are preferably to be after forming.
Battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 with a thickness of such as 5~100 μm, necessary to as battery exterior material For intensity and light-weighted angle, 5~30 μm are preferred.Battery exterior stainless steel is manufactured due to using stack Therefore foil 1 controls thickness by adjusting stack interval.
It is annealed under reducing atmosphere by the way that the calendering stainless steel foil that calendaring processes obtain will be passed through, in battery exterior with stainless Oxide layer 1a is formed on the surface of steel foil 1.The oxide layer 1a of present embodiment is characterized in that, containing 40mol% or more Fe, Cr, 40mol% below Si fewer than Fe, which thereby enhance the adhesion between resin.
Here, in oxide layer 1a the containing ratio of Fe refer in the form of oxide or hydroxide existing for Fe contain The sum of amount, divided by existing in the form of oxide or hydroxide, Fe, Cr, Mn, Si for largely containing in oxide layer 1a it is each From the sum of content after, obtained value.The containing ratio of Cr and Si is also so defined.
Although describing the Cr that contains in oxide layer in patent document 3 can be improved attachment between resin more than Fe Property, however the inventors discovered that, Fe, energy are less than by the Cr for making the Fe contained in oxide layer 1a reach 40mol% or more, containing Enough improve the adhesion between oxide layer 1a and resin.The oxide layer 1a to the Fe contained more than Cr can be improved and resin below Between adhesion the reason of be illustrated.
According to the ingredient of stainless steel, largely oxide or hydroxide containing Fe, Cr, Mn, Si in oxide layer 1a.? This, compare oxide standard generate can size it is found that Fe oxide > Cr oxide > Mn oxide > Si oxide, The standard generation of Fe oxide can be highest.The standard of oxide generates can be high, it is meant that the oxide is not thermodynamically not Stable.Once thermodynamically unstable oxide is contacted with other materials, then and other in order to become more stable state It will do it energy transfer (electronics etc. is mobile) between substance, more strongly tend to adsorb other materials.That is, thermodynamically not Stable oxide more has higher wetability.It is therefore believed that by Fe containing 40mol% or more, containing Cr is less than the oxide layer 1a of Fe, can be improved the adhesion between resin.
Also, since the Si in oxide layer 1a is down to 40mol% hereinafter, even if the electrolyte of inside battery and water occur instead It should be to generate hydrogen fluoride, it is also difficult to be influenced by hydrogen fluoride.
In addition, the standard of oxide generate can highest Fe containing ratio be 40mol% or more oxide layer 1a, can be with It is -40~-60 DEG C and H by the way that calendering stainless steel foil that calendaring processes obtain will be passed through in dew point2Partial pressure for 75% or more also It anneals and obtains at 900 DEG C~1180 DEG C under Primordial Qi atmosphere.Technology of 900 DEG C~1180 DEG C of the annealing temperature compared with patent document 3 It is higher, since soft annealing area is close to the temperature region of the annealing temperature, it can be improved battery exterior stainless steel The processability of foil 1.In addition, using ferritic stainless steels, more preferably as soft annealing area 900~ It anneals at 1000 DEG C, using austenite stainless steel, more preferably in 1000~1100 as solution annealing area It anneals at DEG C.
Oxide layer 1a with a thickness of 2nm or more.If the thickness of oxide layer 1a be less than 2nm, be unable to fully be improved with The effect of adhesion between resin.Also, oxide layer 1a is preferred with a thickness of 5nm or less.If the thickness of oxide layer 1a is super 5nm is crossed, then will lead to generation tempering colour, so that aesthetics be made to decline.
Also, relative to the arithmetic average roughness on the orthogonal direction of the battery exterior rolling direction of stainless steel foil 1 Ra (JIS B 0601) is 0.02 μm or more, less than 0.1 μm.
When pressing covering resin on the surface of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 (that is, surface of oxide layer 1a) upper layer, setting In the case where sandwiching air between rouge and oxide layer 1a, once use the secondary cell of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 filling Temperature increases when electric, and the air between resin and oxide layer 1a expands, and there is a possibility that resin removing occurs.Therefore, In order to make not sandwich air between oxide layer 1a and resin, when being laminated covering resin, it is necessary to improve the pressure area line of lamination roll Resin (is crimped onto the pressure on oxide layer 1a) by pressure.In the case where improving linear load, the thickness that obtains in order to prevent Degree is thinner than desired resin thickness, needs appropriate adjustment amount of resin.But the battery exterior by making that there is oxide layer 1a With the arithmetic average roughness Ra of stainless steel foil 1 less than 0.1 μm, even if the pressure area line pressure of lamination roll when lamination covering resin Power is low, it is also difficult to sandwich air between resin and oxide layer 1a, therefore can prevent the volume resin as caused by the air Removing.Also, due to not needing to improve linear load, desired resin thickness can be readily derived.
Also, if the arithmetic average roughness Ra of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 is 0.1 μm or more, electrolyte holds Easily be impregnated with and remain in form resin between interface oxide layer 1a surface on fine recess portion in, there are electrolyte dippings A possibility that adhesion of resin and oxide layer 1a afterwards declines.But by keeping the arithmetic of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 flat Equal roughness Ra is able to suppress the decline of the adhesion of resin and oxide layer 1a after electrolyte dipping less than 0.1 μm.
In addition, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 can be by used in the calendaring processes The surface roughness of stack or polishing step after calendering are adjusted.If it is 0.02 μm or more of arithmetic average Roughness Ra also can be by properly selecting calendering used in calendaring processes even if the polishing step after not rolling then The surface roughness of roller is easily realized.
In addition, oxide layer 1a with a thickness of nm grades several, the calculation of the stainless steel foil before the annealing steps for forming oxide layer 1a Art average roughness Ra is also able to maintain constant after the annealing step.
And it is possible to carry out chemical conversion treatment with stainless steel foil 1 to battery exterior.By forming chemical conversion treatment Film can obtain the superior battery exterior stainless steel foil 1 of adhesion between resin.Kind about chemical conversion treatment film There is no particular limitation for class and coating method.For example, it may be frequent species as chemical conversion treatment film, through chromate Handle obtained chromium system chemical conversion treatment film, or silane coupling agent also can be used etc..Also, as the common of coating method Infusion process, spray coating method, rolling method, stick coating method etc. can be used in method.But for the angle of coating weight control, rolling method and Stick coating method is preferred.
On the two-sided or single side of battery exterior stainless steel foil 1, lid polyolefin is covered on the surface upper layer of oxide layer 1a Or the resins such as Polyester.The resin of lamination covering is the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate high with chemical resistance As the resin combination of principal component, it is especially used on the face with electrolyte contacts.As long as also, the resin of lamination covering Principal component is polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, can also be copolymerized formation and introduce functional group or change through peracid The modified resin etc. of property.As the composition of copolymerization, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate are preferably 50 mass % or more.
About the method for pressing covering resin with 1 upper layer of stainless steel foil in battery exterior, there is no particular limitation, common side Method has: the applied adhesive on battery exterior stainless steel foil 1, and the lamination methods of membranaceous resin are covered by thermo-compression bonding；Or In battery exterior applied adhesive on stainless steel foil 1, with the extruder with T-die by melting it is resin extruded after carry out Extrusion laminating method of covering etc..
Carry out pressure processing with stainless steel foil 1 by the battery exterior to covering resin as described above, can make its at Type is the shape of battery case.For pressure processing method, there is no particular limitation, as common method, bulging can be used and add Work, drawing processing etc..The shape of battery case can be square tubular shape or cylindrical shape of cuboid etc., not limit particularly It is fixed.
When the battery exterior using present embodiment manufactures secondary cell with stainless steel foil 1, by as described above Anode and cathode are accommodated in the battery case that processing and forming obtains, the cell devices such as separator, the cell contents such as electrolyte can It is combined by thermal welding.The type of secondary cell can be lithium ion battery, lithium polymer battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, ni-Cd Battery etc., there is no particular limitation.
As described above, battery exterior of the present embodiment has oxide layer with stainless steel foil, the oxide layer contains The Fe of 40mol% or more, Cr, 40mol% below Si fewer than Fe, the oxide layer with a thickness of 2nm or more；The battery The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the orthogonal direction of the rolling direction of exterior stainless steel foil is 0.02 μm or more, less than 0.1 μm.
Further, the thickness of the oxide layer of the battery exterior stainless steel foil is preferably 5nm or less.
Further, the battery exterior stainless steel foil is preferably by being -40~-60 DEG C and H in dew point2Partial pressure is It is annealed and is formed to calendering stainless steel foil at 900~1180 DEG C under 75% or more reducing atmosphere.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, can carry out many variations within the scope of the claims, will be upper It states the embodiment that technical characteristic disclosed in bright is appropriately combined and also belongs to technical scope of the invention.
[embodiment]
Hereinafter, being illustrated to the embodiment of battery exterior stainless steel foil of the invention, but the present invention is not exposed to this The limitation of a little embodiments.
< Examples 1 to 5,1~4 > of comparative example
The SUS304 stainless steel plate that will be made of containing ingredient shown in table 1, rest part Fe and inevitable impurity Cold rolling is carried out, the stainless steel foil with a thickness of 20 μm is obtained.
[table 1]
The arithmetic surface roughness in the direction orthogonal relative to rolling direction on the surface of stainless steel foil after calendaring processes Ra is measured using contact pin type surface roughness test machine, obtains Ra=0.05 μm.
Then, by will pass through calendering stainless steel foil that calendaring processes obtain it is a variety of shown in the table 2 under the conditions of move back Fire manufactures the battery exterior stainless steel foil of Examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1~4, analyzes each battery exterior stainless steel foil table The elemental ratio and thickness of the oxide layer in face.
The containing ratio of Fe, Cr, Si, Mn as the element contained in oxide layer use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (island Saliva production is made；AXIS NOVA) it is analyzed with x-ray source Mg K α.About the spectrogram of each element, will be equivalent to metallic bond and Oxide, hydroxide bond energy peak separation, calculate respective integrated intensity.The one of Fe spectrogram is for example shown in Fig. 2.Except Fe Other than metallic bond, with the oxide and the sum of the integrated intensity at peak of hydroxide corresponding to Fe, divided by correspond respectively to Fe, The sum of oxide and the integrated intensity at peak of hydroxide of Cr, Si, Mn, obtained value is as the Fe containing ratio in oxide layer (mol%).Also containing ratio has been calculated using same method for other elements.
The thickness of oxide layer is measured according to sequence below.(JEOL society system is analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy； JAMP-9500F electric wire) is irradiated, the kinetic energy intensity of the auger electrons occurred by the Auger transition process of Fe, O is at 50 μm2 Analyst coverage in be measured.Intensity value based on each spectrogram carries out quantitative analysis, and is etched using Ar ion gun, makes Use SiO2Sputtering rate is carried out thickness conversion by standard specimen, obtains analysis depth, finds out the elemental ratio of analysis depth Yu Fe and O Between relationship.Fig. 3 is an example of the relation schematic diagram between analysis depth and Fe and the elemental ratio of O.With obtained Fe and O Curve intersection position thickness of the analysis depth as oxide layer.
[table 2]
Then, by the temperature of the Examples 1 to 5 of such as above method manufacture and the battery exterior stainless steel foil of comparative example 1~4 Degree is heated to 100 DEG C with baking oven, later, is temporarily laminated thickness with lamination methods with the linear load of 6.5N/mm on its single side Degree 30 μm of sour modified polypropene film (ADMER QE060#30, TOHCELLO Co. Ltd. system) further will be temporarily laminated Battery exterior is heated 60 seconds with stainless steel foil with 160 DEG C of baking oven, and layered product is made.
For above-mentioned layered product, bulging processing is carried out with the area of 50 × 50mm, evaluates processability according to standard below.
◎: even if bulging height reaches 5mm or more, battery exterior stainless steel foil will not crack.
Zero: in the case where 3mm or more, being less than 5mm, battery exterior stainless steel foil cracks bulging height.
×: when bulging height is less than 3mm, battery exterior stainless steel foil cracks.
Also, for above-mentioned layered product, sour modified polypropene is evaluated in cold shock testing and electrolyte immersion test Adhesion between film and battery exterior stainless steel foil.
Cold shock testing is: passing through the environment of layered product in the form of low-temperature condition and condition of high temperature alternate repetition Temperature change is gone through, and the temperature change is brought expansion and is shunk, the expansion rate evaluated at the joint portion due to different materials is different And the methods of the removing occurred under the action of the stress generated.Here, using 120 DEG C × 1 hour, -40 DEG C × 1 hour as 1 time Circulation, 300 times recycle cold shock testing before and after carry out 90 ° of disbonded tests, as described below to sour modified polypropene film with The adhesion of battery exterior stainless steel foil is evaluated.
◎: the peel strength after cold shock testing is 80% or more before test.
Zero: the peel strength after cold shock testing be test before 40% or more, less than 80%.
×: the peel strength after cold shock testing is less than 40% before test.
Electrolyte immersion test is: in the electrolytic solution by above-mentioned layered product dipping, acid when evaluation electrolyte is impregnated with is modified The method of adhesion between polypropylene screen and battery exterior stainless steel foil.Outside the battery for covering sour modified polypropene film Dress is cut on stainless steel foil according to old JIS K5400, and 100 gridiron patterns are made, in ethylene carbonate (EC)/carbonic acid two Methyl esters (DMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC)=1/1/1 (volume ratio) in the mixed solvent dissolves LiPF with 1mol/L6It is electrolysed Liquid forms 100 tessellated stainless steel foils 48 hours described in dipping in 60 DEG C of electrolyte.After dipping, carry out band-like Disbonded test evaluates adhesion according to standard below.
◎: the resin along cutting line removing is within 20.
Zero: the resin along cutting line removing at 20 or more but is less than 40.
×: the resin along cutting line removing is at 40 or more.
The evaluation result of above-mentioned processability and adhesion is as shown in table 3.
[table 3]
As shown in table 3, have 40mol% containing Fe or more, Cr ratio Fe few, Si 40mol% oxide layer below same When, the processability of the Examples 1 to 5 with a thickness of 2nm or more of oxide layer and the evaluation result of adhesion are zero or ◎.Implementing In example 5, annealing temperature is lower, and the Fe containing ratio of oxide layer is close to lower limit value 40mol%, also, Si containing ratio is close to upper limit value 40mol%, therefore, the attachment compared with other Examples 1 to 4, after obtained processability as the result is shown and electrolyte dipping Property is poor.
In comparative example 1, annealing temperature falls further below 900 DEG C, and the Fe containing ratio of oxide layer is lower than 40mol%, also, Si containing ratio is more than 40mol%, therefore, the adhesion after processability and electrolyte dipping obtains × comment Valence result.Also, the standard of oxide generates the content that can be lower than the Cr of Fe more than Fe, therefore obtains after cold shock testing The adhesion result poorer than Examples 1 to 5.
In comparative example 2,3, although annealing temperature is more than 900 DEG C, dew point or H2The reducing condition of partial pressure is relatively implemented Example 1~5 is low, and the Si containing ratio of oxide layer is more than 40mol%, thus the adhesion after electrolyte dipping obtain × evaluation knot Fruit.Also, in comparative example 2, the Cr contained obtains the adhesion after cold shock testing than embodiment 1 more than Fe The result of~5 differences.
In comparative example 4, reducing condition when annealing is higher than Examples 1 to 5, therefore the thickness of oxide layer is as thin as 1nm, not It can ensure that adhesion.
< embodiment 6,7,5 > of comparative example
When to stainless steel plate cold rolling, other than the stack this point for using surface roughness different, with above-mentioned reality It applies example 1 under the same conditions, obtains the battery exterior stainless steel foil of embodiment 6, embodiment 7 and comparative example 5.Calendering step Calendering stainless steel foil after rapid is remembered in table 4 in the arithmetic surface roughness Ra on the direction orthogonal relative to rolling direction.And And the analysis result of the composition of the oxide layer in stainless steel foil of the battery exterior after annealing steps and thickness is also summarised in table 4 In.
Then, the battery exterior of the embodiment 1, embodiment 6, embodiment 7 and the comparative example 5 that are manufactured in mode as described above Sour modified polypropene film is covered with lamination methods on the single side of stainless steel foil, as described above, to processability and adhesion It is evaluated.But the linear load of lamination roll is set as the low value of 3.5N/mm to carry out lamination covering.It is provided in table 4 The evaluation result of processability and adhesion.
[table 4]
As shown in table 4, as the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of battery exterior stainless steel foil becomes larger, adhesion decline, Ra Adhesion is zero or ◎ when less than 0.1 μm.Therefore, by keeping the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of battery exterior stainless steel foil small In 0.1 μm, even if the linear load of lamination roll when lamination covering resin is lower, also it is difficult to press from both sides between resin and oxide layer Enter air, the removing that can prevent the resin as caused by the air can be confirmed.And it is possible to which confirming can prevent from being electrolysed Liquid is impregnated between resin and oxide layer, therefore can prevent the water in the electrolyte and atmosphere that are impregnated with after electrolyte immersion test / reaction generates the problem of hydrogen fluoride is so as to cause adhesion decline.
In addition, being laminated overlay tree by making in the case where arithmetic surface roughness Ra is 0.1 μm or more of comparative example 5 Linear load when rouge is up to 9.0N/mm, and air is made to be difficult to be sandwiched into, and the result of cold shock testing is zero, still, electrolysis Liquid can be impregnated with the fine recess portion of resin Yu stainless steel foil surface, and the moisture in electrolyte and atmosphere being impregnated with reacts generation Hydrogen fluoride, so as to cause adhesion decline, therefore the result of electrolyte immersion test be ×.
[industrial utilization possibility]
The present invention can be used as the container of the secondary cell such as nickel-cadmium cell, nickel-hydrogen cell, lithium ion secondary battery.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of battery exterior stainless steel foil, with oxide layer, Fe that the oxide layer contains 40mol% or more, compare Fe Few Cr, 40mol% Si below；The oxide layer with a thickness of 2nm or more, 5nm or less；
The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the orthogonal direction of the rolling direction of the battery exterior stainless steel foil be 0.02 μm or more, Less than 0.1 μm.
2. battery exterior stainless steel foil according to claim 1, wherein the battery exterior is to reveal with stainless steel foil Point is -40~-60 DEG C and H2Partial pressure for 75% or more reducing atmosphere under, at 900~1180 DEG C will calendering stainless steel foil into Row annealing and formed.
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