CN107919848B - Annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser - Google Patents

Annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser Download PDF

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CN107919848B
CN107919848B CN201610885483.7A CN201610885483A CN107919848B CN 107919848 B CN107919848 B CN 107919848B CN 201610885483 A CN201610885483 A CN 201610885483A CN 107919848 B CN107919848 B CN 107919848B
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condenser
annular
lens
mirror
fresnel
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CN107919848A (en
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陈海平
韩雨辰
张衡
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North China Electric Power University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser which mainly comprises a condenser lens, a condensing plane and a support. The design method is as follows. The condenser 1 is a silvered condenser distributed annularly, and the shape of the condenser is a circular table without upper and lower bottom surfaces formed by rotating a line segment with a fixed length around a shaft. A fresnel lens (position only reserved, not shown) 2, a collecting lens holder and a support 3, including a mirror surface linking structure for supporting the whole set of collecting lens. The 4 is a light-gathering plane, and the light reflected by the light-gathering machine is received by a special high-concentration photovoltaic cell 5 positioned in the center of the receiving disc. The 6 is a connecting rod for connecting the condensing plane and the condensing lens bottom support, and the 7 is a connector for connecting the double-shaft condensing system. The condenser has a large condensing ratio.

Description

Annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-concentration photovoltaic and also comprises the field of photovoltaic photo-thermal comprehensive utilization. Relates to a point-condensing annular high-power condenser and a point-condensing Fresnel lens high-power condenser.
Background
In a solar concentration utilization system, the selection of a concentrator directly affects the arrangement of the whole system. Different from non-concentrating photovoltaics and low-concentration photovoltaics, the high-concentration photovoltaics have higher conversion rate and efficiency. Besides high conversion rate, the high-concentration photovoltaic has the characteristics of small temperature coefficient, good power grid matching (high daily power generation amount), environmental friendliness (small occupied area, comprehensive utilization of land), high efficiency promotion property and the like. Firstly, the multijunction III-V group battery applied to high-concentration photovoltaic can work at higher temperature and maintain better efficiency, and a radiator is arranged behind each concentration battery, so that the efficiency of the multijunction III-V group battery cannot be greatly influenced compared with crystalline silicon and thin-film batteries under the condition of larger external temperature change. According to the calculation, after the temperature of the concentrating photovoltaic cell rises by one degree, the efficiency of the concentrating photovoltaic cell is reduced by only one third of that of a crystalline silicon cell. Therefore, high concentration light has a great effect on the PV/T field. And the high-power condenser needs a corresponding high-power condenser, so the groove condenser, the tower condenser and the linear Fresnel condenser are all high-power condensers with quite good effect. The annular linear Fresnel proposed by the patent is improved by a linear Fresnel condenser.
Content of patent
The purpose of the linear fresnel spotlight ware of annular that this patent provided is in order to change the light path, and the line spotlight mode with linear fresnel spotlight ware is changed into the point spotlight mode, can make the spotlight ratio of spotlight ware improve greatly like this. Each ring of the silvered condenser lenses 1 which are distributed annularly is a circular table without an upper bottom surface and a lower bottom surface, and is formed by rotating a line segment with a fixed length around a shaft. And the position and the inclination angle of each line segment with fixed length are different. The vertically incident solar rays can be collected on the high-power photovoltaic cells 5 located in the center of the receiving pan by means of annularly distributed reflectors. The back of the photovoltaic cell 5 is provided with a special radiator to take away the heat of the photovoltaic cell, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell can be reduced, the power generation efficiency is improved, and the taken away heat can be used for producing domestic hot water or refrigeration and other purposes. Each silver-plated collecting lens 1 distributed annularly is not shielded, and for a line segment formed by the cross section of each annular collecting lens, a straight line formed by the top end point of the upper line segment and the bottom end point of the lower line segment is parallel to the rotating shaft. So as to ensure that each ring-shaped collecting lens is not shielded. The whole device adopts double-shaft tracking with automatic tracking to ensure that the central shaft of the whole device is over against the sun and the direct sunlight is kept. The concentrator has a Fresnel condenser lens with an optical axis as the symmetry axis of the whole device at the center, and the diameter of the Fresnel condenser lens is the same as that of the part of the device without the reflector. The focus of the Fresnel lens at the center of the condenser is superposed with the focus of the annular condenser lens and is positioned on the receiving disc 5. The sunlight directly irradiates the reflective mirrors distributed in the annular shape and the Fresnel lens at the center, and then is reflected and refracted to the solar cell on the receiving disc 5, so that electric energy can be generated, and the back of the cell is cooled by coolant, so that heat can be generated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the light distribution path of the linear Fresnel condenser is improved, the linearity is changed into the annular shape, the condenser distributed along the ground surface is changed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and the area can be saved.
2. After light irradiates the solar cell through the reflector and the Fresnel lens, electric energy can be generated, and heat energy can be generated by cooling the back of the solar cell through the coolant.
3. The space utilization rate is high.
4. The condensation ratio is high, and the energy density of the converged light is high.
Qn＝-Htan2βn
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of the apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a light path diagram of two ring-shaped mirror surfaces at the edge of the invention, and FIG. 3 is a detail enlarged view of the light path diagram.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description of the invention
As shown in fig. 1, the whole device is symmetrical along the central axis. Each ring of the silvered condenser lenses 1 which are distributed annularly is a circular table without an upper bottom surface and a lower bottom surface, and is formed by rotating a line segment with a fixed length around a shaft. And the position and the inclination angle of each line segment with fixed length are different. The vertically incident solar rays can be collected on the high-power photovoltaic cells 5 located in the center of the receiving pan by means of annularly distributed reflectors. The back of the photovoltaic cell 5 is fitted with a dedicated heat sink to carry away the heat of the photovoltaic cell.
The annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser is symmetrical along the central axis.
The reflective mirrors distributed in the annular linear Fresnel high-power condenser adopt total reflection silvered surfaces so as to ensure higher reflectivity.
An automatic tracking system is required to be additionally arranged on the whole assembly to ensure that the plane where the solar panel 5 is located is vertical to the incident direction of sunlight.
The support structure needs to effectively support the mirror surface part and can bear the weather influence of strong wind and sand dust to a certain degree.
The mirror surface is thin and thin, and glass with high strength is required.
The mirror surface connecting structure and the mirror surface are required to be directly connected so as to ensure the structural strength.
All parameters of the mirror surface are obtained by calculation.
Fig. 2 and 3 are optical path diagrams of two mirrors at the edge, and the positions and the inclination angles of the mirror surfaces of the mirrors are calculated as follows:
and setting the ring mirror surface at the most edge as the nth ring mirror surface, wherein the nth ring mirror surface and the nth-1 and the nth-2 ring mirror surfaces are arranged inwards in sequence, and the cross section width of each mirror surface is D.
The coordinate of the upper edge of the nth mirror surface is
Figure BDA0001128202510000031
The center coordinate is (x)n，yn) The lower edge coordinate is
Figure BDA0001128202510000032
Taking the horizontal projection of the center point of the nth mirror on the symmetry axis as an origin, and establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions;
let the horizontal distance from the center of the nth ring mirror surface to the light-gathering point be QnPerpendicular distance of Hn
Let the n-th ring mirror center be (Q)n，0)，
The coordinates of the upper edge of the nth mirror are
The abscissa of the lower edge of the nth mirror is
Figure BDA0001128202510000034
The abscissa of the upper edge of the (n-1) th mirror is the same as the abscissa of the lower edge of the (n) th mirror,
thus, it is possible to provide
Is composed of
Figure BDA0001128202510000035
The center abscissa of the (n-1) th mirror is
Figure BDA0001128202510000036
The ordinate is then determined by taking the vertical coordinate,
a linear equation is established for the upper edge of the nth mirror:
Figure BDA0001128202510000041
can be simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0001128202510000042
thus, it is possible to provide
Figure BDA0001128202510000043
The ordinate of each mirror can be represented by:
Figure BDA0001128202510000044
from the n-1 th mirror center ordinate:
it can be found that:
Figure BDA0001128202510000046
from the equation of a straight line:
Figure BDA0001128202510000047
the longitudinal coordinate of the center of the (n-1) th mirror can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001128202510000048
from the geometric relationship:
βn-1-λn-1+βn-1＝90°
thus:
2βn-1＝90°+λn-1
λn-1＝2βn-1-90°
from the trigonometric relationship:
Figure BDA0001128202510000051
the equation can be found:
Figure BDA0001128202510000052
from the trigonometric relationship:
Qn＝-Htan2βn
the iterative equation for connecting the two mirror positions is carried in:
these three parameters for each of the remaining mirrors are therefore derived from the height of the edge-most mirror from the focal point, the width of the mirror cross-section, and the angle of tilt.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a linear fei nieer high power spotlight of annular which characterized in that: the device comprises silver-plated condenser lenses (1) which are distributed annularly, a Fresnel lens (2) at the center, a receiving disc (5), and a first structure (3), a second structure (4), a third structure (6) and a fourth structure (7) which are supported and connected with a motor; each ring in the silvering condenser (1) which is distributed annularly is a circular table without an upper bottom surface and a lower bottom surface, which is formed by rotating a line segment with fixed length around a shaft, and the position and the inclination angle of each line segment with fixed length are different; each shape of the silvered condenser lenses (1) which are distributed annularly is different, but the silvered condenser lenses can reflect the light rays which are vertically incident to the photovoltaic cell at the center of the receiving disc (5); each silver-plated collecting lens (1) which is distributed annularly is not shielded, and for a line segment formed by the cross section of each annular collecting lens, a straight line formed by the top end point of an upper line segment and the bottom end point of a lower line segment is parallel to the rotating shaft, so that each annular collecting lens is not shielded; the center of the condenser is provided with a Fresnel condenser lens with an optical axis as the symmetrical axis of the whole device, and the diameter of the Fresnel condenser lens is the same as that of the part of the device without the reflector; the focus of the Fresnel lens at the center of the condenser is superposed with the focus of the annular condenser and is positioned on the receiving disc (5);
and (3) setting the annular mirror surface at the most edge as the nth annular mirror surface, and the nth-1 and the nth-2 annular mirror surfaces inwards in sequence, wherein the iterative equation of the positions of the two connected mirrors is as follows:
wherein the distance from the light-gathering point height of the most edge annular mirror surface, the width of the cross section of the mirror and the inclination angle are H, D and beta respectivelynThe three remaining parameters for each mirror are then derived from the distance from the focal point height of the edge-most mirror, the mirror cross-sectional width, and the tilt angle.
2. The annular linear fresnel high power concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the back of the photovoltaic cell is provided with the radiator to take away the heat of the photovoltaic cell, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell can be reduced, the power generation efficiency is improved, and the taken away heat can be used for producing domestic hot water or refrigeration.
3. The annular linear fresnel high power concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the whole device adopts double-shaft tracking with automatic tracking to ensure that the central shaft of the whole device is over against the sun and the direct sunlight is kept.
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CN112885916A (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-06-01 华北电力大学 High-power concentrating photovoltaic device based on crystalline silicon battery and annular Fresnel condenser
CN112919570B (en) * 2021-03-30 2023-07-21 华北电力大学 Direct evaporation type sea water desalination distiller based on annular Fresnel high-power condenser
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CN114527558A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-24 华北电力大学 Sphere-like reflection condenser considering sun field angle
CN115980988B (en) * 2022-12-15 2023-09-29 南京航空航天大学 Low-mirror-number annular Fresnel Gao Yun light system

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