CN104917453B - High concentrating photovoltaic power generation co-generation unit and its Component Structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of high concentrating photovoltaic power generation co-generation unit and its Component Structure, sunshine penetrates the protecting window from the first side of protecting window, and directive is located at the principal reflection mirror of the side of protecting window second；Principal reflection mirror converges sunshine, and reflexes to the secondary mirror being arranged on protecting window；Secondary mirror converges sunshine, and reflexes to the Salar light-gathering component being arranged on principal reflection mirror, and solar energy is converted into electric energy or heat energy.The optically focused hot spot of the present invention is small, power dissipation, but focusing ratio is high, it is and heat sink by being connected with Salar light-gathering component, transfer heat in cooling medium or air, so as to ensure that solar cell or absorber of light have suitable operating temperature under the conditions of high concentration ratio, to maintain its operating efficiency.

Description

High Concentration Photovoltaic Power Generation Cogeneration System and Its Component Structure

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of concentrating photovoltaics, in particular to a high concentrating photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system and its component structure.

Background technique

Concentrating solar photovoltaic technology (CPV) is a technology that uses optical elements such as lenses or mirrors to concentrate a large area of sunlight into a very small area, and then directly converts it into electrical energy through photovoltaic cells with high conversion efficiency.

The concentrators of concentrating photovoltaic power generation systems in the prior art can be divided into refraction concentrators and reflective concentrators according to optical principles. The refractive lens used in the refractive concentrator, such as a Fresnel lens, has equidistant tooth patterns on one side of the lens, through which the light bandpass reflection or refraction of the specified spectral range can be achieved. This lens It has the characteristics of light weight and thin thickness.

Reflective concentrators use specular reflectors or parabolic curved mirrors. Moreover, with the increase of the concentration ratio, a secondary concentrator can be added under this type of concentrator to make the spectrum incident on the surface of the battery more uniform, reduce light loss, and reduce the distance from the concentrator to the battery, etc. Purpose.

However, the processing of Fresnel lenses or parabolic mirrors has the problems of high difficulty, low precision, high cost and short product life, making them difficult to popularize and apply. If the mirror reflector uses a plastic reflector, the reflective surface will fall off due to the thermal expansion and contraction coefficients of the reflective layer and the skeleton layer (such as glass) are different, the reflective rate will decrease or it will be difficult to continue to use; if the mirror reflector uses a thin aluminum plate, It is difficult to withstand the harsh outdoor environment (such as hail), and it will be permanently damaged by scrubbing, and the processing cost is high.

The sunlight passes through the concentrator and converges to the concentrating solar cell; however, the concentrating solar cell works under the condition of high light intensity and high current, and the peak power of the concentrating solar cell will decrease with the increase of temperature, so it is necessary to design A reasonable heat dissipation system can improve the power generation efficiency of the concentrated photovoltaic power generation system and prolong its service life.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system and its component structure, through the two converging reflections of the primary reflector and the secondary reflector, the sunlight is converged to the solar cell or light absorber near the opening of the primary reflector At the place, the sunlight energy is converted into electrical energy or heat energy; and the heat is transferred to the cooling medium or the air through the heat sink connected to the solar cell or light absorber, so as to ensure that the solar cell or light absorber has a suitable performance under the condition of high concentration ratio. operating temperature to maintain its working efficiency.

In order to achieve the above purpose, a technical solution of the present invention is to provide a component structure of a high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system. Any component includes: a primary reflector, a secondary reflector, a protective window, and a solar concentrating component ;

Sunlight penetrates the protective window from the first side of the protective window, and shoots to the main reflector located on the second side of the protective window;

The primary reflector gathers the sunlight and reflects it to the secondary reflector arranged on the protective window;

The secondary reflector gathers the sunlight and reflects it to the solar concentrating component arranged on the primary reflector, and converts the sunlight energy into electric energy or heat energy.

Preferably, a part of the sunlight reflected by the primary reflector to the secondary reflector is collected by the secondary reflector and reflected to the primary reflector to form a spot; an opening is provided at the spot position of the primary reflector to concentrate the solar energy The optical component is installed at the opening.

Preferably, in the solar concentrating component, the solar light energy concentrated at the light spot is concentrated to the solar cell or the light absorber through the concentrating prism or the low power concentrating component to be converted into electrical energy or heat energy.

Preferably, another part of the sunlight reflected by the primary reflector to the secondary reflector is converged to the focal point on the first side through the secondary reflector;

Another solar concentrating component is arranged at the focal point, and the solar light energy converging to the focal point is converged to the solar cell or light absorber of the solar concentrating component through the concentrating prism or the low power concentrating component arranged therein to be converted into electricity or heat.

Preferably, the solar cell or the light absorber in the solar concentrating component is connected to the heat sink, transfers heat to the heat sink, and spreads the heat to the cooling medium or to the surrounding air through the heat sink.

Preferably, the heat sink is installed on the cooling medium pipeline through the pipeline interface, and transfers heat to the cooling medium flowing in the cooling medium pipeline.

Preferably, the primary reflector is a concave mirror, the secondary reflector is another concave mirror, and the protective window is a light-transmitting plate;

The first side of the protection protection window corresponds to the concave surface of the secondary reflector, and the second side corresponds to the convex surface of the secondary reflector and the concave surface of the primary reflector.

Preferably, the lateral dimension of the component is 300mm-500mm; the lateral dimension corresponds to the diameter of the main reflector.

Preferably, the diameter B of the primary reflector is 300mm, the diameter C of the secondary reflector is 60mm, the diameter of the light spot is less than 5mm, and the concentration ratio reaches 2700:1.

Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system, which includes a plurality of units, and these units are installed on a two-dimensional rotation tracking bracket, and the two-dimensional rotation tracking bracket rotates to keep in touch with the sun. alignment;

Each unit contains a plurality of components described in any one of the above, and these components are arranged in an array and fixed on the structural frame of the unit.

Compared with the prior art, the high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system and its component structure of the present invention have the following advantages:

Compared with large-scale solar cell arrays (such as trough, dish and tower solar thermal power generation systems), the solar energy of the present invention is relatively scattered, so that elements will not be burned, and the light concentration ratio is higher at the same time. The connection mode between solar cells is also more flexible, especially the low current output mode can reduce circuit loss.

Compared with the condensing mode of the Fresnel lens, the condensing spot of the present invention is smaller, and the transmission efficiency of the optical system is higher. Compared with the Fresnel lens or the parabolic curved reflector, the invention is simpler to process the primary and secondary reflectors and effectively reduces the cost.

Compared with other general photovoltaic power generation or combined heat and power systems, the present invention can conveniently carry out the light splitting and utilization of sunlight through the spectrum splitting technology due to the use of secondary reflectors, and provides a more advanced split-type photovoltaic power generation and split-type thermoelectric system. Cogeneration applications provide technical possibilities and implementation examples to utilize solar energy with maximum efficiency.

In the present invention, the heat is transferred to the cooling medium or the air through the heat sink connected with the solar cell or the light absorber, so as to ensure that the solar cell or the light absorber has a suitable working temperature under the condition of high concentration ratio, so as to maintain its working efficiency .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of any component in the high concentrating photovoltaic power generation combined heat and power system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between solar cell modules and heat sinks in the high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system, which includes a plurality of components. As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of any one of the components. The components mainly include: a primary reflector 1 , a secondary reflector 2 , a protective window 3 , and a solar concentrating component 4 .

Wherein, the first side of the protective window 3 is the side facing the sunlight of the component, that is, the side where the sunlight has not penetrated the protective window 3 (shown as the left side in FIG. 1 ); the second side of the protective window 3 is is the side after sunlight penetrates the protective window 3 (shown as the right side in FIG. 1 ).

The main reflector 1 is located on the second side of the protection window 3 and is separated from the surface of the second side of the protection window 3 by a set distance. After the sunlight passes through the protective window 3 , it goes to the main reflector 1 , is collected by the main reflector 1 and reflected to the secondary reflector 2 .

The secondary reflector 2 is arranged at the installation hole of the protection window 3 . For example, the installation hole is opened in the middle of the protection window 3 . A part of the sunlight reflected by the primary reflector 1 to the secondary reflector 2 is converged at a certain position of the primary reflector 1 to form a light spot after being reflected by the secondary reflector 2 .

An opening is provided on the main reflector 1 at a position corresponding to the converging light spot, so that the solar concentrating assembly 4 can be installed at the opening to receive the converging sunlight. For example, the opening is located near the center of the main mirror 1 . The main component in the solar concentrating assembly 4 is the solar cell 6 or the light absorber, and the sunlight energy converging to the light spot is further concentrated to the solar cell 6 or the light absorber through the concentrating prism 5 to be converted into electrical energy or thermal energy for utilization . In another example, other low-magnification light-gathering components can also be used to replace the above-mentioned light-condensing prism 5 to achieve the function of further concentrating sunlight energy.

In this example, the primary reflector 1 is a concave mirror, the secondary reflector 2 is another concave mirror, and the protection window 3 is a substantially flat light-transmitting plate. The first side of the protective window 3 corresponds to the concave surface of the secondary reflector 2 , and the second side corresponds to the convex surface of the secondary reflector 2 and the concave surface of the primary reflector 1 . However, when the above-mentioned sunlight is satisfied, the "protective window 3 transmits light to the main reflector 1, the primary reflector 1 reflects and converges to the secondary reflector 2, and the secondary reflector 2 reflects and converges to the primary reflector 1 again". In other cases, other shapes of primary reflector 1, secondary reflector 2 or protective window 3 may also be used. And, above, such as the distance between the protective window 3 and the main reflector 1, the arrangement position of the secondary reflector 2 on the protective window 3, the arrangement position of the solar concentrating assembly 4 on the main reflector 1, etc., can also be in When the above conditions are met, make corresponding adjustments according to the actual application.

For any component described in the present invention, its transverse dimension (corresponding to parameter A or B) is preferably between 300-500mm, but other dimensions can also be used in other examples. The energy of a single component of this size is not large, and generally there will not be too much heat to cause the element to be burned. The diameter C of the secondary reflector 2 is generally set according to the position where the primary reflection converges, and also matches the size of the mounting hole on the protective window 3 .

The components of the present invention have high optical transmission efficiency, the reflectivity of the primary reflector 1 and the secondary reflector 2 can reach more than 96%, the optical focal spot is small, and the concentration ratio can reach more than 2500. For example, in a specific example, when the diameter B of the primary reflector 1 is 300mm and the diameter C of the secondary reflector 2 is 60mm, the diameter of the focused spot is less than 5mm, and the light concentration ratio reaches 2700:1.

In some different examples, the value of the lateral dimension A of the protective window 3 and the value of the lateral dimension (corresponding to the diameter B) of the main reflector 1 may be equal or substantially equivalent. Basically equivalent means that the value of the lateral dimension A may be slightly larger (or slightly smaller) than the diameter B of the main reflector 1 . As in the example where the value of A is larger or slightly larger than the value of B, the area of the protective window 3 is large enough to cover the main reflector 1 . Moreover, the protective window 3 can be a circular plate (then A corresponds to its diameter) or a square plate (then A corresponds to its side length) or any other shape with mounting holes opened.

In addition, another part of the sunlight reflected by the primary reflector 1 to the secondary reflector 2 can pass through the secondary reflector 2 and converge to another focal point on the first side, where another solar concentrating assembly 4 is installed Concentrating prism 5 and solar cells 6 or light absorbers and other components can also convert this part of sunlight energy into electrical energy or thermal energy for utilization.

In order to ensure that the solar cell 6 of the present invention can work under the condition of high concentration ratio, the present invention can adopt forced cooling. The following and the illustrations take the solar cell 6 installed at the converging light spot on the second side as an example to illustrate, and the cooling structure of the light absorber is similar; if necessary, it can also be the solar concentrating assembly at the focal point of the first side 4 Equipped with a similar cooling structure.

In the solar concentrating assembly 4 shown in Figure 2, the solar cell 6 is located below the concentrating prism 5, and receives the concentrated sunlight energy to be converted into electrical energy; the bottom substrate 7 of the solar cell 6 is connected with a heat sink 8, The heat is transferred to the heat sink 8. According to specific usage requirements and surrounding environment, the heat sink 8 can be forcibly cooled with a cooling medium, or the heat sink 8 can exchange heat with the surrounding air to ensure that the temperature of the solar cell 6 is not too high and maintain the working efficiency of the cell. The volume of the heat sink in the present invention is relatively small, generally on the order of tens of millimeters.

In a specific example of using a cooling medium, the heat sink 8 is installed on the cooling medium pipeline 11 through the pipeline interface 10, so that the cooling medium 9 flowing through the pipeline 11 can directly or indirectly contact the heat sink 8, and transfer the heat of the heat sink 8 Give cooling medium. The heat taken away by the cooling medium can be used, such as for heating water and heating. At this time, it is also possible to surround the heat sink 8 with heat insulating material to prevent unnecessary loss of heat. If heat collection is not required, the heat of the heat sink 8 can be directly dissipated into the surrounding medium by means of heat dissipation.

As shown in Figure 3, in the system of the present invention, a plurality of components of the above-mentioned structure are arranged into an array and fixed on a structural frame, and such an array is called a unit 12; several units 12 are installed in a On the two-dimensional rotation tracking support 13, these several units are kept aligned with the sun by the rotation of the two-dimensional rotation tracking support 13 when the sun is running. That is, several units with sun tracking systems form a system. The solar cells of each component can be connected in series and/or in parallel as required to form an appropriate voltage and current output.

Moreover, the cooling medium passing through the heat sink can also be combined in series and/or in parallel as required; for example, the heat sinks of some components are sequentially arranged on the same cooling medium pipeline to realize the series connection of the cooling medium.

Multiple systems shown in the above embodiments can be combined to work, not only as a distributed heat and power cogeneration system, but also as a grid-connected solar heat and power cogeneration system. The solar energy of the high-concentration photovoltaic power generation cogeneration system of the present invention is relatively dispersed, and at the same time, the concentration ratio is higher, and it can work at a suitable temperature under the condition of the high concentration ratio to maintain its working efficiency.

Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A kind of 1. Component Structure of high concentrating photovoltaic power generation co-generation unit, it is characterised in that in any one constituent element, bag Contain：Principal reflection mirror (1), secondary mirror (2), protecting window (3), Salar light-gathering component (4)；

   Sunshine penetrates the protecting window (3) from the first side of the protecting window (3), and directive is located at protecting window (3) The principal reflection mirror (1) of two sides；

   The principal reflection mirror (1) converges sunshine, and reflexes to the secondary mirror (2) being arranged on protecting window (3)；

   The secondary mirror (2) converges sunshine, and reflexes to the Salar light-gathering component being arranged on principal reflection mirror (1) (4) solar energy, is converted into electric energy or heat energy；

   Wherein, the principal reflection mirror (1) is a concave mirror, and secondary mirror (2) is another concave mirror, and protecting window (3) is one saturating Tabula rasa；First side of the protecting window (3) has corresponded to the concave surface of secondary mirror (2), and the second side has corresponded to secondary mirror (2) Convex surface and the concave surface of principal reflection mirror (1)；The lateral dimension of the constituent element is 300mm~500mm；The lateral dimension and principal reflection The diameter of mirror (1) is corresponding；

   The part that the principal reflection mirror (1) is reflexed in the sunshine of secondary mirror (2), by secondary mirror (2) convergence simultaneously Reflex on principal reflection mirror (1) and form hot spot；Perforate is provided with the facula position of principal reflection mirror (1), by Salar light-gathering component (4) it is arranged on tapping；The diameter of hot spot is less than 5mm.
2. 2. Component Structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that

   In the Salar light-gathering component (4), the sun at hot spot will be converged to by light-collecting prism (5) or low-concentration component Luminous energy, converge at solar cell (6) or absorber of light to be converted to electric energy or heat energy.
3. 3. Component Structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that

   Another part that the principal reflection mirror (1) is reflexed in the sunshine of secondary mirror (2), converged through secondary mirror (2) To the focal point positioned at the first side；

   The focal point is provided with another Salar light-gathering component (4), gathered by the light-collecting prism (5) or low power that are provided with Optical assembly will converge to the solar energy of focal point, converge to the solar cell (6) or light of this Salar light-gathering component (4) Electric energy or heat energy are converted at absorber.
4. 4. the Component Structure as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that

   Solar cell (6) or absorber of light in the Salar light-gathering component (4) are connected with heat sink (8), and heat is passed Pass heat sink (8), and heat is spread into cooling medium by heat sink (8) or spread in the air of surrounding.
5. 5. Component Structure as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that

   Heat sink (8) are installed on cooling medium pipeline (11) by pipe joint (10), transfer heat to cooling medium The cooling medium (9) flowed through in pipeline (11).
6. 6. Component Structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that

   The diameter B of the principal reflection mirror (1) is 300mm, and the diameter C of secondary mirror (2) is 60mm, and focusing ratio reaches 2700:1.
7. A kind of 7. high concentrating photovoltaic power generation co-generation unit, it is characterised in that

   Comprising multiple units (12), these units (12) are arranged on a two-dimensional rotary and tracked on support (13), with the two dimension Tracking support (13) is rotated to rotate to keep being aligned with the sun；

   Each unit (12) includes multiple constituent elements as described in any one in claim 1~6, and these constituent elements are arranged in one Array is simultaneously fixed on the structural framing of the unit (12).