CN107918116B - Multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of radar and communication system - Google Patents
Multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of radar and communication system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system, which takes the maximum multi-target detection total signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the radar system as an optimization target under the condition that the radar and the communication system work in the same frequency band, and carries out self-adaptive optimization design on the emission waveforms of the radar relative to all targets on the premise of meeting the limitation of the total emission energy of the radar. The method has the advantages of ensuring the communication quality of the communication system and improving the multi-target detection performance of the radar system. The advantage is caused by the fact that the radar optimal waveform design method is adopted, under the condition that the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD are comprehensively considered, a multi-target radar optimal waveform design model based on coexistence of the radar and the communication system is established, and the total SINR of the radar system in multi-target detection is maximized by optimizing the ESD of the transmitted signals of the radar relative to all targets.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of radar waveform design, and particularly provides a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system.
Background art:
the transmitted waveform of the radar has a very large correlation with the information it carries. Practically speaking, the reasonable design of the transmitting waveform not only directly affects the performance of radar system resolution, measurement precision, anti-interference performance, target parameter estimation and the like, but also affects the complexity of a signal processing algorithm; in addition, the ease with which the waveform is generated by hardware is also a consideration. Therefore, whether the transmission waveform of the radar can be reasonably designed is particularly important in designing the radar system. In addition, with the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment in a battlefield, the design of radar waveforms under dense spectrum conditions becomes an important and very challenging task. A conventional method for solving Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum congestion of a radar and a wireless communication system is to separate operating Frequency bands of the radar and the wireless communication system to avoid interference between the two operating Frequency bands. However, in the face of the dramatic increase in the number of wireless RF equipment and the increasing expansion of operating bandwidth, it has become increasingly difficult for conventional approaches to meet the practical requirements of radar systems. Under the background, the radar and the wireless communication system in the spectrum sharing environment work in the same frequency band by adopting technologies such as waveform optimization design and the like, and the influence on the working performance of each other can be effectively avoided.
The optimization design of the radar emission waveform is based on the functions to be completed by the radar, the environment of the target and the requirement on the target, and the purpose of the optimization design is to accurately extract target information in a complex environment. In fact, adaptive radar waveform design is not only constrained by system conditions, but also needs to be performed under waveform design criteria. The system constraints are limited by modern signal processing technology and hardware conditions, such as energy limitation, bandwidth limitation, time-width limitation, constant modulus limitation and the like; the waveform design criterion is closely related to a plurality of factors such as a task and a working environment of the radar, and for target detection, a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), a detection probability, a detection time, a correlation between a Signal and a clutter, and the like are generally taken as the design criterion; for target tracking, tracking error and mutual information between echo and a target are mostly used as design criteria; for target identification, a distance measure between target classes, mutual information between a target and an echo, and an estimation error of a target impulse response are generally taken as design criteria.
Although the traditional methods propose the idea of radar waveform optimization design and improve the target detection performance of the system under the condition of meeting the energy constraint of a radar system, the methods are all directed at a single-target scene and the situation of spectrum sharing of the radar and a communication system is not considered. In addition, the existing radar waveform design methods assume that the radar and the communication system are mutually separated and do not influence each other in frequency spectrum, however, in practical application, along with the rapid increase of the number of the radar and the wireless communication system and the expansion of the working bandwidth, the radar and the communication system often coexist in frequency spectrum, and the two systems can influence each other's performance.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the main technical problems that: under the condition that the radar system and the communication system work in the same frequency band in the actual environment, the multi-target detection total SINR is maximized through radar waveform optimization design on the basis of meeting the total emission energy limit of the radar system, and therefore the multi-target detection performance of the radar system is improved.
The invention provides a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system from practical application, and maximizes the multi-target detection total SINR through radar waveform optimization design on the basis of meeting the total emission energy limit of the radar system, thereby improving the multi-target detection performance of the radar system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of radar and a communication system comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining frequency response of each target relative to radar
Energy two-way propagation loss Lr,iEnvironmental clutter Power Spectral Density (PSD) S corresponding to frequency f pointcc,i(f) And a communication signal PSDScom(f)；
(2) And adopting SINR to represent target detection performance. Given total transmitted energy E of radar systemxEstablishing the optimal radar emission waveform Xi(f) The mathematical model was designed as follows:
where BW represents the radar transmit waveform bandwidth, NQIndicating the number of targets detected by the radar system, alphaiIndicates the priority level of the ith target, and
Lcomrepresenting the two-way loss of energy, S, from the communication system to the radar receivernn(f) Representing the radar receiver noise PSD for the frequency f point.
(3) Introducing a Lagrange multiplier xi to construct a Lagrange objective function as follows:
are respectively aligned to | Xi(f)|2And solving a first-order partial derivative with xi.
(4) By making
At the same time satisfy
Acquiring the optimal emission waveform Energy Spectrum Density (ESD) | X of the radar system relative to each target by using the necessary condition of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition (KKT) solved by nonlinear optimizationi(f)|2The expression is as follows:
|Xi(f)|2＝max[0,Bi(f)(A-Di(f))]
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system, which is mainly used for performing self-adaptive optimization design on the emission waveforms of the radar relative to all targets on the premise of meeting the total emission energy limit of the radar by taking the maximum radar system multi-target detection total SINR as an optimization target under the condition that the radar and the communication system work in the same frequency band.
The method has the advantages of ensuring the communication quality of the communication system and improving the multi-target detection performance of the radar system. The advantage is caused by the fact that the radar optimal waveform design method is adopted, under the condition that the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD are comprehensively considered, a multi-target radar optimal waveform design model based on coexistence of the radar and the communication system is established, and the total SINR of the radar system in multi-target detection is maximized by optimizing the ESD of the transmitted signals of the radar relative to all targets.
2. Compared with the prior art, the multi-target radar waveform design method based on the coexistence of the radar and the communication system not only considers the influence of the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD on the radar system, but also ensures the communication quality of the communication system and improves the multi-target detection performance of the radar system.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of radar waveform design.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of multi-target radar waveform transmission-reception.
Fig. 3 shows the frequency response and clutter PSD of the target 1 relative to the radar.
Fig. 4 shows the frequency response and clutter PSD of the target 2 relative to the radar.
Fig. 5 shows a communication signal PSD.
Fig. 6 shows the result of the optimal waveform design of the target 1 by the radar.
Fig. 7 shows the result of the optimal waveform design of the target 2 by the radar.
Fig. 8 is a graph of SINR versus total radar transmitted energy for different methods.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the structure and operation of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
1. determining respective target frequency responses and communication signal PSD
The invention provides a multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system. The influence of the environment clutter PSD and the communication system emission signal PSD on the optimal emission waveform of the radar is considered, so that the frequency response, the energy two-way propagation loss, the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD of each target relative to the radar are determined firstly.
2. Determining radiation parameters of radar system and total emission energy E of radar systemx
Assuming that the radar transmitting waveform bandwidth is BW, the minimum stepping frequency is delta f, the radar transmitting antenna gain and the radar receiving antenna gain are G, and the power spectrum of additive white Gaussian noise is Snn(f) Total emission energy E of radar systemxRespective target priority levels αi。
3. Construction of Lagrange target function K (| X)i(f)|2ξ) and determined to satisfy the radar system total emission energy ExMaximum signal to interference plus noise ratio of
Expression formula
Establishing a multi-target radar waveform X based on the coexistence of a radar and a communication system according to the requirement of the radar system on the multi-target detection performance and considering that the radar and the communication system work in the same frequency bandi(f) The mathematical model of the optimization design is as follows:
introducing a Lagrange multiplier xi to construct a Lagrange multiplier which is shown as a formula (2):
4. design can solve nonlinear equation K (| X)i(f)|2ξ) optimized KKT condition
For determining the optimal emission waveform ESD | X of radar relative to each targeti(f)|2The value of K (| X) in the formula (2)i(f)|2Xi) are respectively paired with | Xi(f)|2Make a partial derivative with xi and order
At the same time satisfy
The KKT requirement for the nonlinear optimization solution is as follows:
wherein, all variables marked with the mark represent the optimal solution of each parameter respectively.
5. Implementing the nonlinear equation K (| X)i(f)|2ξ) solution optimization
By solving the formula (4), the optimal emission waveform ESD | X of the radar relative to each target under the condition that the radar and the communication system coexisti(f)|2Can be expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
may be represented as follows:
through dichotomy iterative computation, A satisfying the formula (8)*Substituting the value into formula (5) to obtain a group of emission waveforms which maximize the radar system multi-target detection SINR
As the optimal solution, and finally determining the total SINR value of the system.
6. Simulation result
Assume that the parameters in step 2 are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 simulation parameter settings
The frequency response and clutter PSD of the target 1 relative to the radar is shown in fig. 3, the frequency response and clutter PSD of the target 2 relative to the radar is shown in fig. 4, and the communication signal PSD is shown in fig. 5. The results of designing the optimal waveform of the multi-target radar based on the coexistence of the radar and the communication system are shown in fig. 6 and 7 respectively. The method for designing the optimal waveform of the multi-target radar based on the coexistence of the radar and the communication system is to calculate the optimal transmitting waveform according to the frequency response of each target relative to the radar, the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD. As can be seen from fig. 3 to 7, the waveform transmission energy configuration of the radar system is mainly determined by the frequency response of each target relative to the radar, the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD, and in the allocation process, the transmission energy is mainly allocated to the target with high frequency response, low clutter PSD and low communication signal PSD. In order to maximize the total SINR of multi-target detection under the condition of meeting the total energy constraint of a radar system, the multi-target radar optimal waveform design method based on the coexistence of the radar and a communication system performs energy distribution according to the water injection principle, namely, the maximum energy is distributed at the frequency point corresponding to the maximum target frequency response, the minimum clutter PSD and the minimum communication signal PSD.
Fig. 8 shows the variation of the total SINR with the total transmitted energy of the radar in different waveform design methods. As can be seen from fig. 8, under the condition that the total energy constraint of the radar system is satisfied, the total SINR value obtained by the optimal transmit waveform of the radar system is significantly higher than the total SINR value obtained by the uniform energy distribution transmit waveform, because the uniform energy distribution transmit waveform uniformly distributes the transmit energy of the radar waveform over the whole frequency band without any prior knowledge about target frequency response, clutter PSD, communication signal PSD, and the like, it has worse multi-target detection performance.
According to the simulation result, the influence of the clutter PSD and the communication signal PSD on the radar system is considered in the multi-target radar optimal waveform design method based on the coexistence of the radar and the communication system, the target is the multi-target detection total SINR of the radar system, the transmitting waveform of the radar relative to each target is adaptively and optimally designed, the communication quality of the communication system is guaranteed, and the multi-target detection performance of the radar is effectively improved.
The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows:
firstly, under the condition that a radar system and a communication system work in the same frequency band, acquiring frequency response, propagation loss, environment clutter PSD and communication signal PSD of each target relative to a radar according to priori knowledge; and then, on the premise of meeting the total emission energy of the radar system, establishing a multi-target radar waveform optimization design model based on the coexistence of the radar and the communication system by taking the multi-target detection total SINR of the maximized radar system as a target, and solving the model through a KKT condition. Through dichotomy iterative calculation, selecting the optimal radar transmitting waveform which enables the total SINR of the radar system to be maximum under the condition of meeting the energy constraint of the radar system
As an optimal solution, and the optimal transmitting waveform of the radar relative to each target
In the formula (1), the maximum SINR of the radar system meeting the constraint condition can be obtained.
The invention is characterized in that:
1. under the condition that the radar and the communication system work in the same frequency band in practice, according to priori knowledge, frequency response, energy two-way propagation loss, environment clutter PSD and communication signal PSD of each target relative to the radar are obtained, and the multi-target detection total SINR of the radar system is calculated;
2. the method comprises the steps of taking the multi-target detection total SINR of a maximized radar system as a target, establishing a multi-target radar waveform optimization design model based on radar-communication system coexistence on the premise of meeting the total emission energy of the radar system, taking the formula (1) as a target function, solving the problem by adopting a KKT condition, and determining the optimal emission waveform of each radar in the system through dichotomy iterative calculation
Claims (1)
1. A multi-target radar waveform design method based on coexistence of a radar and a communication system is characterized in that a mathematical model of optimal radar emission waveform optimization design is established under the condition that the radar and the communication system work in the same frequency band; the mathematical model takes the maximum radar system multi-target detection total signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio as an optimization target, and the constraint condition is the radar total emission energy limit;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: obtaining frequency response of each target relative to radar
Energy two-way propagation loss Lr,iEnvironmental clutter power spectrum density S corresponding to frequency f pointcc,i(f) And communication signal power spectral density Scom(f)；NQRepresenting the number of targets detected by the radar system;
step 2: given total transmitted energy E of radar systemxEstablishing the optimal radar emission waveform Xi(f) The mathematical model of the optimization design is as follows:
where BW represents the radar transmit waveform bandwidth, αiIndicates the priority level of the ith target, and
Lcomrepresenting the two-way loss of energy, S, from the communication system to the radar receivernn(f) Representing the noise power spectral density of the radar receiver corresponding to the frequency f point;
and step 3: introducing a Lagrange multiplier xi to construct a Lagrange objective function as follows:
and 4, step 4: respectively pairing the Lagrange objective functions in the step 3 with the | Xi(f)|2Solving a first-order partial derivative with xi; and order
At the same time satisfy
Obtaining the optimal emission waveform energy spectrum density | X of the radar system relative to each target according to the necessary condition of the Carlo-Cohen-Tack condition solved by nonlinear optimizationi(f)|2The expression is as follows:
|Xi(f)|2＝max[0,Bi(f)(A-Di(f))]
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
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| CN109669165B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2023-04-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-base radar transmitter and waveform joint selection optimization method based on radio frequency stealth |
| CN111337885B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-05-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Radar and communication combined system radio frequency stealth performance optimization method |
| CN114205827B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-07-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Radar embedded communication waveform design method for extraction water injection molding |
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