CN110346792B - Power distribution method of imaging radar communication system - Google Patents

Power distribution method of imaging radar communication system Download PDF

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CN110346792B
CN110346792B CN201910559029.6A CN201910559029A CN110346792B CN 110346792 B CN110346792 B CN 110346792B CN 201910559029 A CN201910559029 A CN 201910559029A CN 110346792 B CN110346792 B CN 110346792B
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CN110346792A (en
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徐大专
陈丹
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
    • G01S7/412—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system, which comprises the following steps: (1) Distance direction and azimuth direction detection are comprehensively considered, and distance-azimuth information of the target is obtained so as to meet imaging requirements; (2) Combining a channel capacity theorem, under the limited total power, establishing an optimization function by taking the maximum system perception information as a target, and performing power distribution on a detection system and a communication network; (3) The influence of the unused power loss on the perceptual information was investigated. When the total power is limited, the optimization method provided by the invention takes the total perception information of the system as an optimization objective function, performs power distribution on the detection system and the communication network, and reasonably plans the position of the radar, thereby realizing the maximization of the perception information and improving the imaging effect of the target at the control center as much as possible.

Description

Power distribution method of imaging radar communication system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar communication, in particular to a power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system.
Background
Radar is the transliteration of radio in english, all called radio detection and ranging, and means "radio detection and ranging", that is, finding objects and determining their spatial positions by radio. The radar irradiates targets by transmitting electromagnetic waves and receives echo signals of the targets, and information such as distance, elevation angle, azimuth and radial speed of the targets relative to the electromagnetic wave transmitting positions is obtained from the echo signals. Imaging is one of the main uses of radar, so that the observation of the target is more intuitive, and the image of the target can be directly displayed through imaging instead of a single pulse signal. The radar image is composed of pixel points with different gray levels determined by the target backscattering coefficient. In order to obtain a clear radar image, the radar must have both high range and azimuth resolution.
The radar can be regarded as an information acquisition system, is similar to the basic principle of a communication system, has the transmitting and receiving processes of electromagnetic waves, and has similarity in the structures and signals of the two systems, so that how to enable the radar to have the real-time communication function through the prior art can meet the fighting timeliness, greatly improve the communication quality and increase the fighting distance, and the 'radar communication integration' design becomes a hot topic of modern radar technical research.
Many studies at home and abroad have explored the feasibility of the design of radar communication integration, and at present, the research on radar communication integration is roughly divided into the following three directions: (1) The antenna (aperture) integration, the radar system and the communication system are similar in principle and structure, so that the possibility of integration of the two systems in the aspects of equipment sharing and resource sharing (such as an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver and the like) is ensured; (2) The integrated system carries out real-time control and resource sharing of radar and communication signals based on a shared radio frequency front end module; (3) Signal integration, and shared signal design has the highest degree of integration, and thus has become the most widely studied direction in radar communication technology. The LFM signal is firstly applied to radar and communication sharing signal design, a radar signal and a communication signal are respectively generated and are superposed by combining a communication technology to realize sharing waveform design, the radar communication integrated design based on the LFM signal aims at the traditional radar waveform, the radar and the communication signal are separately generated, the problems of mutual interference of the two signals, low information transmission rate and the like exist, the OFDM technology can effectively resist intersymbol interference, the frequency spectrum efficiency is higher, and the LFM signal is widely researched in recent years. It can be seen that, in the present stage, the radar communication integration research is mainly based on system design, and the design of integration signals, the radar operation mode setting, the hardware device adjustment, and the like are described in detail in the existing literature.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system, which can effectively reduce the system information loss and has better anti-interference performance.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Distance direction and azimuth direction detection are comprehensively considered, and distance-azimuth information of the target is obtained so as to meet imaging requirements;
(2) Combining a channel capacity theorem, under the condition of limited total power, establishing an optimization function by taking maximized system perception information as a target, and performing power distribution on a detection system and a communication network;
(3) The influence of unused power loss on the perceptual information was studied.
Preferably, in the step (1), the obtained target distance-orientation mutual information is specifically:
Figure BDA0002107728380000021
in the formula I R For detecting the total distance-azimuth mutual information of the obtained targets, N is the total number of targets, T r For the pulse repetition period, p, of the radar transmitted signal 2 Is the signal-to-noise ratio of the single target echo signal.
Preferably, in step (2), the objective optimization function is:
Figure BDA0002107728380000022
where C is the capacity of the communication channel,
Figure BDA0002107728380000023
is the average power of the transmission during radar detection,
Figure BDA0002107728380000024
average power, P, of transmissions during radar communications s For system power loss, P is the total system power, R 1 、R 2 Respectively is a detection distance and a communication distance, h is the flying height of the radar platform, and R is the distance between a target observation interval and a control center;
and carrying out power distribution on the system according to the detection and communication power distribution result obtained by solving in the step, reasonably planning the radar position, and realizing the maximization of system perception information.
Preferably, in the step (3), the loss condition of the system sensing information is simulated and analyzed by changing the proportion of the loss power to the total power, and is compared with a general radar detection model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the imaging radar communication system provided by the invention loads a communication function on the basis of the existing radar equipment, the detection performance is rarely influenced, meanwhile, the radar can also realize real-time communication, and the radar front is considered on the basis of a pure radar system to obtain perception information gain; when the total power is limited, the optimization method takes the total sensing information of the system as an optimization target function, performs power distribution on the detection system and the communication network, and reasonably plans the position of the radar to realize the maximization of the sensing information and improve the imaging effect of the target at the control center as much as possible; simulation results show that under the optimized design provided by the invention, when a system transmits a certain amount of information, the power can be saved by at least 4dB; with the increase of the loss power, the imaging radar communication system can effectively reduce the information loss of the system, and has better anti-interference performance.
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FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of a system model according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of a system model according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of a curve of the change of the system perception information with the total power under different bandwidth ratios according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of a curve of the system perception information along with the total power under different bandwidth ratios according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of an optimized allocation scheme under different bandwidth ratios according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the optimized allocation scheme under different bandwidth ratios according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the perceived information loss with power loss according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
A power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system comprises the following steps:
(1) Distance direction and azimuth direction detection are comprehensively considered, and distance-azimuth information of the target is obtained so as to meet imaging requirements;
(2) Combining a channel capacity theorem, under the limited total power, establishing an optimization function by taking the maximum system perception information as a target, and performing power distribution on a detection system and a communication network;
(3) The influence of the unused power loss on the perceptual information was investigated.
The present example provides an imaging radar communication system, considering the following scenarios: a communication control center arranged on the ground needs to perform imaging processing on a plurality of targets in an observation interval with a distance of R, and two existing detection-communication schemes are shown in fig. 1 (a) and fig. 1 (b): 1) The radar is erected at the control center to execute a detection task, so that the control center can process data in time conveniently; 2) The communication function is loaded on the basis of the existing radar equipment, so that the radar and the control center can communicate in real time while the detection performance is rarely influenced. In the above scheme, the scheme 1 is a traditional radar system, and has the disadvantage of fixed detection distance; scheme 2 is that the imaging radar communication system provided by the invention can flexibly change the detection distance, but the communication function occupies a part of power and affects the detection performance to a certain extent.
The imaging radar communication system provided by the embodiment has a detection process consistent with that of a common radar system, wherein the radar is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal s 1 (t) for a distance R 1 The target observation interval is detected, echo signals reflected by a plurality of targets in the target observation interval are received, target distance-direction information is extracted from the echo signals and transmitted to the R 2 A control center of the station; and the control center is used for carrying out data processing on the signals transmitted by the radar so as to meet the imaging requirement of the target.
The echo signal received by the radar and reflected by the ith target in the target observation interval is as follows:
r i (t)＝α i s 1 (t-τ i )+n i (t),1≤i≤N
the received signal undergoes an attenuation a in amplitude compared to the transmitted signal i And electromagnetic wave propagation delay tau i ，n i (t) additive noise in the ith echo signal with a power spectral density of N 0 . Definition of
Figure BDA0002107728380000041
For the signal-to-noise ratio of the ith echo signal, there are
Figure BDA0002107728380000042
Assuming that all the noises are independently and identically distributed, the radar receiving antenna combines echo signals of N targets to obtain
Figure BDA0002107728380000043
Wherein
Figure BDA0002107728380000044
Is the total noise at the radar receiver.
In practice, when the radar detects a target, the observation interval is much smaller than the detection distance, so that the small distance difference between each target and the radar terminal is negligible, and therefore, the amplitude attenuation of the echo signal of each target received by the radar receiver can be regarded as alpha i (i =1,2, \8230;, N) = α, that is, the signal-to-noise ratio may also be unified into the following form
Figure BDA0002107728380000045
Radar extraction of range-azimuth information s from echo signals 2 (t) and transmitting to a control center, wherein the signals received by the control center are as follows:
c(t)＝Γs 2 (t+τ)w(t)
the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal is:
Figure BDA0002107728380000051
in the formula s 2 (t) is the signal transmitted from radar to control center, and Γ and τ are respectively signal s 2 Amplitude of (t)Attenuation factor and propagation delay, w (t) is additive noise of signal c (t), and power spectral density is N 0 。
The embodiment also provides an optimization method for the imaging radar communication system, which includes:
(1) The distance direction and the azimuth direction detection are comprehensively considered, and the distance-azimuth information of the target is obtained so as to meet the imaging requirement.
Assuming that the radar detects a single target, one pulse repetition period T r The distance-direction mutual information obtained in the interior is
I＝log 2 (1+ρ 2 )
The amount of single target information obtained per unit time is
Figure BDA0002107728380000052
Where ρ is 2 Representing the signal-to-noise ratio at the radar receiving end.
Let the range-direction observation interval be T and the azimuth-direction observation interval be θ. In general, T > T r Let T = k in the system t T r (0＜k t ＜1)。
Within the observation interval, there is N distance upward d ＝B r T targets, with azimuth upward
Figure BDA0002107728380000053
An object, wherein, B r For radar signal bandwidth, Δ θ is the azimuth resolution, and when the number of arrays is M, the spacing between adjacent array elements is d,
Figure BDA0002107728380000054
thus, in a unit time, N = N in the observation interval d N a The total distance-azimuth information amount of each target is
Figure BDA0002107728380000061
I R That is, the total distance-azimuth information amount obtained in unit time when the radar detects a plurality of targets in the observation interval under a certain signal-to-noise ratio.
(2) And on the premise of ensuring that the total distance-azimuth information can be transmitted to the control center, establishing a target optimization function by taking the maximum system perception information as a target, and solving to obtain the detection and communication power distribution and the radar position of the system.
According to the Shannon channel capacity theorem, there is a communication system with a channel capacity of
C＝B c log 2 (1+snr)
Wherein, B c For communication bandwidth, snr represents the received signal-to-noise ratio at the control center.
The system adopts a radar bandwidth occupying mode of communication, which is favorable for saving channel bandwidth resources and ensures that B c ＝k b B r (0＜k b < 1), then
C＝k b B r log 2 (1+snr)
C is the channel capacity of the communication system, i.e. the maximum amount of information that the channel can pass through per unit time.
Assuming that the radar transmits a limited energy signal of
Figure BDA0002107728380000062
The energy of the transmitted signal is
Figure BDA0002107728380000063
From the radar equation R can be obtained 1 Echo signal energy of target
Figure BDA0002107728380000064
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002107728380000065
to transmit signal energy, G t And G r The gain of the transmitting antenna and the gain of the receiving antenna are respectively, lambda is the wavelength of a transmitting signal, and sigma is the scattering cross section area (RCS) of a radar target.
The attenuation factor of the transmitted signal can then be defined as
Figure BDA0002107728380000071
The signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal of each target at the receiving end of the radar can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002107728380000072
Defining radar transmitting average power
Figure BDA0002107728380000073
The signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as the average power
Figure BDA0002107728380000074
f r ＝1/T r Is the pulse repetition frequency.
At a certain signal-to-noise ratio ρ 2 Next, the target distance-azimuth information amount acquired by radar detection at this time can be obtained. After the radar finishes the detection task, useful information is transmitted to a rear R 2 And the data processing terminal realizes communication between the radar and the control center, and the control center can perform imaging operation on the target in the observation interval by estimating and recovering the target signal.
Assuming that the communication signal transmitted by the radar is
Figure BDA0002107728380000075
Having a signal energy of
Figure BDA0002107728380000076
From the radar equation, the received energy of the control center is
Figure BDA0002107728380000077
Assuming that the average transmission power at this time is
Figure BDA0002107728380000078
The received signal-to-noise ratio at the control center is
Figure BDA0002107728380000079
To ensure that the control center can recover the target signal without error and perform accurate target estimation, I is required R C ≦ C, i.e
I R ＝k t B r θ(M-1)d log 2 (1+ρ 2 )≤k b B r log 2 (1+snr)＝C
In particular, when the above formula takes the equal sign, it indicates that all the information amount can be transmitted to the data processing center, and the channel resource is completely occupied.
Under the condition that the total power is limited, power distribution is carried out on detection and communication, the radar position is reasonably planned, and an equation for maximizing system perception information is obtained; assuming that the total system transmit power is limited, i.e. the sum of the radar detection, communication transmission and system power loss is constant:
Figure BDA0002107728380000081
assuming that the flying height of the airborne radar platform is h, if the radar position needs to be further planned, distance constraint conditions exist
Figure BDA0002107728380000082
To maximize the perceptual information available to the imaging radar communication system, the following constrained optimization model can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002107728380000083
and performing power distribution on the system according to the power distribution result obtained by the optimization model, and rearranging the radar according to the obtained radar position to realize the optimization of system perception information.
(3) In order to respond to the green communication requirement of the communication industry, the invention considers the influence of the power loss factor on the system perception information when comprehensively designing the detection system and the communication network. In the simulation, the ratio of the power loss to the total power is assumed to be k p I.e. P s ＝k p P by changing k p And (3) observing the comparison between the total distance-direction information and the information quantity under the condition of no power loss, and taking the reduced perception information as the information quantity loss to obtain the energy-saving and emission-reducing performances of different systems.
Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the mutual distance-orientation information comparison of the imaging radar communication system (considering radar position, not considering radar position) and the pure radar system when the bandwidth ratio is 0.02 and 0.05 respectively, and it can be seen that the total perception information increases with the increase of the total power of the system. As shown in fig. 2 (a), the communication bandwidth ratio is 0.02, the radar position is fixed (i.e. distance allocation is not considered), and the radar communication system can obtain an information amount gain of about 0.22Mbit compared with a pure radar system, and the perceived information gain is gradually reduced from 0.7Mbit to 0.2Mbit considering whether distance allocation is adopted, because the optimal position of the radar is gradually close to the fixed position selected in simulation, and the difference between the optimal position and the fixed position is gradually reduced along with the increase of the total power. Or from the perspective of saving power, when certain detection information needs to be transmitted to the control center for processing, if distance distribution is not considered, the imaging radar communication system provided by the invention can save power by about 4dB; if distance allocation is considered, more power can be saved.
As shown in fig. 2 (b), the imaging radar communication system has a capacity gain of about 0.25Mbit compared to a pure radar system when the communication bandwidth ratio is 0.05 regardless of the radar position, and the perceptual information gain can be as high as 2.5Mbit when the radar is located at the optimal detection position in consideration of the distance distribution.
Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the optimized allocation scheme corresponding to fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b), including power allocation and optimal location planning. Because the communication bandwidth is no longer a factor for limiting the system perception information when the communication bandwidth is not limited (for example, the bandwidth ratio is 0.05), the radar can be as close as possible to the detection target to acquire more detection information amount, so that the control center can estimate the target more accurately, and a better imaging effect is achieved. Because the simulation parameters of the invention are set to be ideal conditions, the result shows that the detection distance is 0, namely the radar is arranged at the target, the performance is optimal, but under the actual detection situation, the airborne radar platform needs to consider the safety problem and the concealment requirement, and under the premise of ensuring the safety of the radio station, the airborne radar platform approaches the target as far as possible to complete the detection task.
Fig. 4 shows the distance-direction mutual information loss condition of the system under different loss powers, and it can be seen that the information quantity loss of the system increases with the increase of the power loss. Under certain power loss, the information loss of a general radar detection system is obvious, and when the power loss accounts for more than half of the information loss, the system performance is seriously damaged. However, the imaging radar communication system of the invention can effectively solve the problem caused by power loss, and the improvement is more obvious along with the increase of the power loss. For example, the power loss is 90%, and when the communication condition is good (for example, the communication bandwidth is 0.05), the information amount loss is reduced to 0.38; especially when the communication channel resources are limited, the system can reduce the information loss to 0.1 by reasonably adjusting the power distribution, and the overall performance is hardly influenced.
The method is based on the radar communication integrated design theory, considers that the Shannon information theory in communication is adopted to systematically describe and depict the process of radar detection information acquisition, and combines the channel capacity theorem to realize the combined design of radar detection and communication transmission.

Claims (3)

1. A power distribution method of an imaging radar communication system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Distance direction and azimuth direction detection are comprehensively considered, and distance-azimuth information of the target is obtained so as to meet imaging requirements;
(2) Combining a channel capacity theorem, under the condition of limited total power, establishing an optimization function by taking maximized system perception information as a target, and performing power distribution on a detection system and a communication network; the objective optimization function is:
max：I R
Figure FDA0003936141370000011
in the formula I R Total distance-azimuth mutual information of the target obtained for detection, C is the communication channel capacity,
Figure FDA0003936141370000012
is the average power of the transmission during radar detection,
Figure FDA0003936141370000013
average power, P, of transmissions during radar communications s For system power loss, P is total system power, R 1 、R 2 Respectively is a detection distance and a communication distance, h is the flying height of the radar platform, and R is the distance between a target observation interval and a control center;
carrying out power distribution on the system according to the detection and communication power distribution result obtained by solving in the step, and reasonably planning the radar position to realize the maximization of system perception information;
(3) The influence of unused power loss on the perceptual information was studied.
2. The power allocation method of the imaging radar communication system according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the obtained target distance-azimuth mutual information is specifically:
Figure FDA0003936141370000014
in the formula I R For detecting the total distance-azimuth mutual information of the obtained targets, N is the total number of targets, T r For the pulse repetition period, p, of the radar transmitted signal 2 Is the signal-to-noise ratio of the single target echo signal.
3. The power allocation method for imaging radar communication system as defined in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the system perception information loss condition is simulated and analyzed by changing the proportion of the loss power to the total power.
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