CN107915954A - 一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用 - Google Patents

一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用 Download PDF

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CN107915954A
CN107915954A CN201711442443.6A CN201711442443A CN107915954A CN 107915954 A CN107915954 A CN 107915954A CN 201711442443 A CN201711442443 A CN 201711442443A CN 107915954 A CN107915954 A CN 107915954A
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唐地源
李枝芳
沈剑
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Shandong Shengquan New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用，所述润滑剂添加入阻燃剂a中使用；所述润滑剂为硬脂酸金属盐，所述阻燃剂a为磷酸类化合物；所述润滑剂与阻燃剂a的质量比为1‑8:100。通过对发泡前颗粒阻燃剂处理降低了后期阻燃剂的加入量，提高了板材的粘接性，降低了成本，并提高了板材的保温性能。

Description

一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于泡沫塑料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用。
背景技术
聚苯乙烯泡沫因其具有较优异的性能，如吸水性低、隔热、介电性能优良、力学性能好等，现阶段已成为使用量最大的外墙保温材料。但它是一种有机碳氢化合物，氧指数仅有18%，属易燃材料。即使移走火源仍然能持续燃烧，燃烧过程中伴随着浓烟并出现明显的收缩现象，而且带有明火的熔融滴落。聚苯乙烯泡沫板作为建筑材料，必须对其进行阻燃处理。
申请号 201410532917.6的中国专利公开了一种新型的生产方式，即发泡后用特定阻燃经浸泡颗粒，但是这种方式操作非常麻烦。因为发完泡的颗粒一立方米只有十几公斤，由于密度小会漂浮于阻燃剂中，根本无法完全浸透，阻燃性能提高有限。
申请号20141053291.7的中国专利公开了一种新型的生产工艺，即在颗粒发泡之前就对颗粒进行阻燃剂浸泡，然后再发泡。但是这种方式中阻燃剂的加入会对聚苯乙烯颗粒的发泡有阻碍作用，容易出现结块、发出泡后会出现黏连现象，对保温板的力学性能产生很大影响。
因此需要新的生产阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫板的方法及配方。
发明内容
针对颗粒发泡前进行阻燃剂浸泡会影响发泡效果的问题，本发明提供一种阻燃良好、发泡效果好的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用，所述润滑剂添加入阻燃剂a中。
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸金属盐；所述阻燃剂a为磷酸类化合物；优选为磷酸三乙醇胺或磷酸三钠。作为优选，所述润滑剂与阻燃剂a的质量比为1-8:100；优选为1:10。
上述应用中，将未发泡的聚苯乙烯颗粒浸渍到含润滑剂的阻燃剂a后再烘干、预发泡。优选的，烘干的温度40-60℃，时间为150-320s；发泡的蒸汽压力优选为0.1-0.6MPa。
上述应用中，发泡后的聚苯乙烯颗粒与浆料混合发泡成型为阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料。优选的，所述聚苯乙烯颗粒与浆料的质量比为1:1-5。作为优选，所述的浆料包括以下重量份的成分：固化剂20-40份、发泡剂1.5-9份、表面活性剂2-15份、阻燃剂b 10-60份、酚醛树脂50-300份。优选的，所述固化剂选自硫酸、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸中的至少一种。优选的，所述发泡剂选自碳酸镁、碳酸锌、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠中的至少一种。优选的，所述表面活性剂选自吐温系列、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、十二磺基苯磺酸钠和有机硅泡沫稳定剂中的至少一种。优选的，所述阻燃剂b选自含磷或含氯的阻燃剂中的至少一种。优选的，所述的酚醛树脂粘度为1000-3500mpa.s，优选为济南圣泉新材料股份有限公司生产的PSH-04与PSH-14的混合；优选的重量比为3：2。
所述浆料与聚苯乙烯颗粒的混合步骤如下：将发泡后的聚苯乙烯颗粒与表面活性剂、酚醛树脂、发泡剂混合均匀后加入阻燃剂b搅拌均匀，最后加入固化剂混合。
一种上述应用制备的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡板。
上述阻燃聚苯乙烯泡板采用以下方法制备获得：将浆料与聚苯乙烯颗粒混合后转入成型机中，蒸汽加热成型，蒸汽的压力为0.01-0.15MPa，通蒸汽加热时间优选为5-20s，即得阻燃聚苯乙烯复合保温板。
本发明具有以下优点：
本发明在聚苯颗粒发泡前对颗粒进行阻燃性浸渍使阻燃剂涂覆更加均匀，避免了发泡后由于颗粒太轻无法涂覆或涂覆不均匀的情况；通过在阻燃剂中加入润滑剂使聚苯颗粒发泡时不会因为浸泡了阻燃剂而出现结块现象。同时，通过对发泡前颗粒阻燃剂处理降低了后期阻燃剂的加入量，提高了板材的粘接性，降低了成本，并提高了板材的保温性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1
按照表1与表2中原料组成配制原料：
表1 原料组成（重量份）
表2 样品1-6所用的酚醛树脂
按照下列制备方法生产样品S1-S6：
（1）发泡前，将聚苯乙烯颗粒浸泡于添加了润滑剂的阻燃剂a中，40-60℃低温烘干200-300s；
（2）将步骤（1）获得的聚苯乙烯颗粒以0.5-0.6 MPa进行预发泡；
（3）将步骤（3）获得的聚苯乙烯颗粒与表面活性剂、酚醛树脂、发泡剂混合均匀后加入阻燃剂b搅拌均匀，最后加入固化剂混合；获得混合料；
（4）将混合料转入成型机中，蒸汽加热成型，蒸汽的压力为0.04 MPa，通蒸汽加热时间为10 s，即得阻燃聚苯乙烯复合保温板样品。
对比例1
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，不同在于不含润滑剂；采用实施例1中的制备方法获得对照样品C1。
对比例2
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，按照下列方法制备样品：
（1）聚苯乙烯颗粒以0.5-0.6MPa进行预发泡后，将聚苯乙烯颗粒浸泡于阻燃剂a中，40-60℃低温烘干200-300s；
（2）发泡后，将聚苯乙烯颗粒浸泡于阻燃剂a中，40-60℃低温烘干200-300s；
（3）将步骤（2）获得的聚苯乙烯颗粒与与表面活性剂、酚醛树脂、发泡剂混合均匀后加入阻燃剂b搅拌均匀，最后加入固化剂混合，然后进行发泡成型获得样品C2。
对比例3
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，不同在于润滑剂为甘油；采用实施例1中的制备方法获得对照样品C3。
对比例4
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，不同在于阻燃剂a为氯化铵；采用实施例1中的制备方法获得对照样品C4。
对比例5
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，不同在于磷酸三乙醇胺和硬脂酸锌的比例为1:5；采用实施例1中的制备方法获得对照样品C5。
对比例6
采用实施例1中样品1的组方，不同在于酚醛树脂制备方法参照专利CN 103087601中的制备方法获得：采用将苯酚、多聚甲醛在碱催化剂下缩合反应制得的酚醛树脂，其中，苯酚、多聚甲醛和碱催化剂以重量计的配比为：苯酚40-60份，多聚甲醛30-45份，碱催化剂1.5-8.0份，水5-15份，在70-80℃条件下反应5小时，制得酚醛树脂；采用实施例1中的制备方法获得对照样品C6。
实施例2
按照《GB/T 10801.1-2002绝热模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料》中记载的检测方法检测样品S1-S6和C1与C2的物理机械性能，结果如表3所示。
表3 各样品物理机械性能
由表3数据可知，按照本发明提供的技术方案制备的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的导热系数低、绝热效果好，拉伸强度高、力学性能好，氧指数高、阻燃级别高。样品S1与各对比例相比，导热系数更低、保温性能好；抗压强度大、力学性能更好；氧指数增大、阻燃性能大幅提高。

Claims (10)

1.一种润滑剂在制备阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中的应用，其特征在于，所述润滑剂添加入阻燃剂a中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述润滑剂为硬脂酸金属盐，所述阻燃剂a为磷酸类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述润滑剂a与阻燃剂的质量比为1-8:100。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，将未发泡的聚苯乙烯颗粒浸渍到含润滑剂的阻燃剂a后再烘干、预发泡。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，烘干的温度40-60℃，时间为150-320s；发泡的蒸汽压力为0.1-0.6MPa。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，发泡后的聚苯乙烯颗粒与浆料混合发泡成型为阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫材料；所述聚苯乙烯颗粒与浆料的质量比为1:1-5。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的浆料包括以下重量份的成分：固化剂20-40份、发泡剂1.5-9份、表面活性剂2-15份、阻燃剂b 10-60份、酚醛树脂50-300份；
优选的，所述固化剂选自硫酸、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸中的至少一种；
优选的，所述发泡剂选自碳酸镁、碳酸锌、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠中的至少一种；
优选的，所述表面活性剂选自吐温系列、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、十二磺基苯磺酸钠和有机硅泡沫稳定剂中的至少一种；
优选的，所述阻燃剂b选自含磷或含氯的阻燃剂中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的酚醛树脂粘度为1000-3500mpa.s。
9.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述浆料与聚苯乙烯颗粒的混合步骤如下：将发泡后的聚苯乙烯颗粒与表面活性剂、酚醛树脂、发泡剂混合均匀后加入阻燃剂b搅拌均匀，最后加入固化剂混合。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的应用制备的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫板。
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CN103756172A (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-04-30 连云港海水化工有限公司 高阻燃高抗冲再生聚苯乙烯eps颗粒及其制备方法
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