CN107911152B - Space coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas - Google Patents

Space coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas Download PDF

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CN107911152B
CN107911152B CN201711027423.2A CN201711027423A CN107911152B CN 107911152 B CN107911152 B CN 107911152B CN 201711027423 A CN201711027423 A CN 201711027423A CN 107911152 B CN107911152 B CN 107911152B
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白宝明
冯丹
刘孟孟
郑贱平
徐恒舟
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0052—Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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Abstract

The invention discloses a spatial coding modulation system and a spatial coding modulation method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas, which solve the problems that the spatial modulation is limited by the number of the transmitting antennas to be a power of 2 power and error propagation and interference among the antennas are caused by mode conversion. The spatial coding modulation system adopts many-to-one mapping; the modulation method comprises the following specific steps: calculating the space bit number of the transmitting antenna; setting and selecting an antenna space mapping mode; calculating the signal space mapping bit number; performing multi-element LDPC coding on an information sequence; grouping the encoded codewords into space bit vectors and signal bit vectors; mapping the space bit vector into a transmitting antenna index, and mapping the signal bit vector into a modulation constellation point; the modulated information is transmitted with the activated transmit antenna. The invention adopts many-to-one mapping, realizes the space coding modulation of any number of sending antennas, reduces the number of antennas, improves the transmission reliability and the detection efficiency, and reduces the detection complexity of the system. For spatial code modulation.

Description

Space coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and further relates to a spatial coding modulation technology in the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a spatial coding modulation system and a spatial coding modulation method which are suitable for any number of transmitting antennas and are used for spatial coding of an MIMO technology.
Background
Spatial Modulation (SM), a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, has been widely focused in the field of wireless communication research since it was proposed, and the basic idea of spatial modulation is that, in each transmission time slot, the spatial modulation divides information bits to be transmitted into two parts, one part of the information bits is selected for conventional digital modulation, and the other part is used to activate a transmitting antenna for transmitting a modulation symbol, that is, the activated state of the antenna is used as a carrier for information transmission, and the bit information is included in an index of an active transmitting antenna and detected by a receiving end to obtain information. The unique modulation mode of the spatial modulation technology enables the spatial modulation technology to have good transmission performance, high frequency spectrum efficiency and low complexity, and the spatial modulation technology also becomes a key candidate technology for future communication.
At present, in domestic and foreign communication systems, the number of transmitting antennas required by the traditional spatial modulation technology is only a power of 2, and with the popularization of high-speed trains, the requirements of the communication systems on spectral efficiency are continuously improved, and 5G aims to improve the spectral efficiency to 5 to 15 times of 4G. Then, as the spectral efficiency of the system is improved, the number of required transmitting antennas increases exponentially, which increases the complexity of the transmitting end of the system, so that the performance of the spatial modulation technique is limited by the requirement of the number of transmitting antennas. Therefore, whether the system complexity is reduced or the system spectrum efficiency is improved, a spatial coding modulation technology suitable for any number of transmitting antennas needs to be designed to realize signal transmission of spatial modulation. Typical spatial modulation techniques for any number of transmit antennas are Fractional bit encoded spatial modulation (FBE-SM) and Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM).
The first method, fractional bit coded spatial modulation.
The authors n.serafiumovski, m.di Renzo, s.sinnovic, r.y.mesleh, h.hass published in the journal "IEEE Communications Letters" paper "Fractional bit encoded spatial modulation (FBE-SM)" (IEEE communications.lett., vol.14, No.5, pp.429-431, May2010) present a spatial modulation method based on a modular conversion technique to implement a spatial modulation technique for any number of transmit antennas. The method firstly gives the number M of the transmitting antennas of any integer, then sets the integer as the coefficient of the mode conversion, and then calculates the maximum space multiplexing gain K of the system as log2M, and select the integer pair (S, n) of the sending antenna index used for carrying on sending antenna space mapping, utilize this integer pair to map the bit stream with length S based on M to the antenna space and choose the sending antenna, have realized the data transmission rate of the non-integer, has optimized the utilization factor of the space domain resource. However, this solution still has some disadvantages, such as: 1) the method is not easy to combine with an error correcting code, and when the number of the transmitting antennas is not the power of 2, the demodulation information of the space symbol is difficult to convert into soft information required by an error correcting code decoder; 2) the analog conversion technology used by the scheme can cause certain error propagation, thereby affecting the performance of the system.
The second method, generalized spatial modulation.
The "generalized spatial modulation" article "by Abdelhamid Yournis, Nikola Serafiumvski, Raed Mesleh HaraldHaas, on" 2010Conference Record for form fourth adaptive Conference on Signals, Systems and computers "shows generalized spatial modulation techniques to achieve arbitrary numbers of transmit antennas. The method is that each transmission time slot selects to activate a plurality of sending antenna combinations instead of one sending antenna to transmit the sending information. Firstly, giving a sending antenna with any integer number and a system to realize spectral efficiency; secondly, determining the number of activated transmitting antennas (two or more transmitting antennas) each time, listing all transmitting antenna combinations in the transmitting antennas, forming a transmitting antenna combination set, calculating the size of the set, and selecting partial transmitting antenna combinations in the set to form an antenna index space by calculating the pair error probability; finally, mapping the space bit information to the antenna index space one by one to select the sending antenna combination for activation and transmit the modulation information. However, generalized spatial modulation also has some disadvantages, including: 1) each time slot is used for activating a transmitting antenna combination, but the antenna combination comprises two or more transmitting antennas, when the transmitting antennas in the combination are simultaneously activated, the synchronization among the antennas is difficult to ensure, and a receiving end also has interference among channels, thereby reducing the system performance; 2) as the number of active transmit antennas increases, the receiver detection complexity also increases.
Although the fractional bit coding spatial modulation technology and the generalized spatial modulation technology overcome the problem that the number of the transmitting antennas required by the spatial modulation technology must be a power of 2 to some extent, the spatial information transmission under any number of the transmitting antennas is realized. However, the fractional bit coding spatial modulation technique has the problems of difficult combination with error correcting codes and error propagation; the generalized spatial modulation technology has the problems of high synchronization and interference among antennas and high complexity of a receiving end.
Some defects existing in the fractional bit coding spatial modulation technology and the generalized spatial modulation technology are not negligible, and the fractional bit coding spatial modulation technology and the generalized spatial modulation technology need to be continuously improved and optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a spatial code modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmit antennas without requiring that the number of transmit antennas must be a power of 2.
The invention relates to a space coding modulation system suitable for any transmitting antenna number, which comprises a coding module, a space modulation module, a space demodulation module and a decoding module, wherein the space modulation module comprises a signal mapping unit and a space mapping unit in parallel, the signal mapping unit finishes the mapping between a signal bit vector and a traditional modulation constellation point, and the space mapping unit finishes the mapping between the space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index.
The invention is also a spatial code modulation method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas, which is implemented on the spatial code modulation system suitable for any number of transmitting antennas described in claims 1-2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) number of spatial bits required for spatial allocation to transmit antennas: given an arbitrary integer number of total transmit antennas NtFor total number of transmitting antennas NtPerforming logarithmic operation, i.e. a being log2Nt(ii) a If a is an integer, i.e. the total number of antennas is given as the power of 2, let the number of spatial bits be ml＝a＝log2Nt(ii) a Otherwise, set the number of spatial bits to
Figure BDA0001448686340000031
Wherein
Figure BDA0001448686340000032
Meaning rounding up, i.e. taking the smallest integer greater than or equal to · above;
(2) setting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna: there are two ways of spatial mapping of transmit antennas: one-to-one mapping and many-to-one mapping; the one-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is equivalent, and a space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index form mapping; the many-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is unequal, and a plurality of space bit vectors and one transmitting antenna index form mapping;
(3) selecting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna according to the space bit number: in step (1), if the number of spatial bits is ml＝a＝log2NtAdopting a one-to-one mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index; if the number of spatial bits is
Figure BDA0001448686340000033
Adopting a many-to-one mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index;
(4) allocating the required signal bit number to the signal space mapping: setting the spectrum efficiency and error correcting code rate to be realized by the system, calculating the spectrum efficiency m of the uncoded system, and calculating the bit number m required by signal space mapping by using a spectrum efficiency formulas＝m-ml；
(5) Channel coding the information sequence: a code with strong error correction capability is used, for example: turbo code, LDPC code, carry on the channel coding to the information sequence, utilize the corresponding coding formula, produce the code word through the coder;
(6) code word grouping is carried out on the code words after channel coding: if the channel coding adopted in (5) is multi-element code, the code words generated by the coder are represented by binary bit vectors, and then are separated into m-long code wordssOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlA spatial bit vector of (a);
(7) signal bit vector sum after grouping code wordsThe spatial bit vectors are mapped accordingly: will be m in lengthsOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlThe space bit vectors are respectively mapped, the signal bit vectors are mapped into traditional modulation constellation points, and the space bit vectors are mapped into sending antenna indexes;
(8) information transmission: by using the spatial coding modulation method, the modulation symbols are transmitted through the activated sending antenna, the information of the spatial bit vector is contained in the index of the sending antenna, and the information in any sending antenna index is obtained through the detection of the receiving end.
The invention calculates the bit number required by antenna space mapping according to the total number of the transmitting antennas of any integer, sets the activation probability of each transmitting antenna, performs many-to-one mapping on the antenna space, and transmits the modulation signal to a channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, because the invention adopts the many-to-one mapping (GallagerMapping) and applies the mapping to the space modulation system, only the mapping rule of the antenna space needs to be specified, the inconvenience and the detection delay caused by the mode conversion in the prior art are avoided, the invention is easy to be combined with the error correcting code in the system, and the loss of the system performance caused by the error propagation caused by the mode conversion in the prior art is avoided.
Secondly, the invention adopts many-to-one mapping to reduce the space size of the system antenna and reduce the complexity of system detection. Meanwhile, by adopting multi-element LDPC coding and mapping between symbols, performance loss caused by binary bit conversion is avoided, and reliability of information transmission is improved.
Thirdly, because the invention still adopts the activation of one sending antenna to transmit data information, the invention integrates all the advantages of the traditional space modulation, and simultaneously avoids the problems of mutual interference and synchronization between the antennas brought by the prior art and high system detection complexity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of Gallager mapping;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of mutual information curves for different numbers of transmit antennas in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of bit error performance simulation results of different numbers of transmitting antennas and 6 numbers of receiving antennas under the same spectral efficiency condition by using GF (64) multi-element LDPC codes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
With the continuous development of communication technology, the application of spatial modulation technology is beginning to be limited by its requirement on the number of transmit antennas, i.e. the number of transmit antennas must be a power of 2. To overcome this limitation, researchers have proposed fractional-bit coded spatial modulation techniques based on analog-to-digital conversion techniques and generalized spatial modulation techniques based on antenna combination mapping. However, the two existing technologies still have the problems of difficult combination with error correction codes, error propagation, synchronization between antennas, interference and higher complexity of a receiving end, and the spatial modulation technology with any number of transmitting antennas also needs to be further optimized.
The invention develops research on the method and provides a spatial coding modulation system suitable for any number of transmitting antennas. Referring to fig. 1, the spatial coding modulation system structure of the present invention includes a coding module, a spatial modulation module, a spatial demodulation module and a decoding module, wherein the spatial modulation module includes a signal mapping unit and a spatial mapping unit in parallel, the signal mapping unit completes the mapping between a signal bit vector and a conventional modulation constellation point, and the spatial mapping unit completes the mapping between the spatial bit vector and a transmitting antenna index. In the space mapping unit of the space modulation module, the mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index is set to be a one-to-one mapping mode or a many-to-one mapping mode.
Referring to fig. 1, at a transmitting end of the spatial coding modulation system of the present invention, an information sequence u is first channel-coded by a coding module, and then enters a spatial modulation module, where the encoded codeword is first encodedSeparating the vectors to obtain m length code word vectorssOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlAfter the separation of the space bit vectors, the signal bit vectors enter a signal mapping unit, the signal bit vectors are mapped into traditional modulation constellation points, so that the information of the signal bit vectors is contained in the traditional modulation constellation points, the space bit vectors enter the space mapping unit, the space bit vectors are mapped into sending antenna indexes, so that the information of the space bit vectors is contained in the sending antenna indexes, and after the mapping is completed, the activated sending antennas in any number of sending antennas are used for sending out modulation signals; at a receiving end, a signal received from a space is firstly detected by a detection module to obtain an active transmitting antenna index number, then is combined with the active antenna index number detected by the detection module by a space demodulation module to obtain modulation information, and finally, the information in the transmitting antenna index is combined with the modulation information, and then the transmitted original data information is obtained by a decoding module.
The invention uses one-to-one or many-to-one mapping mode in the space mapping unit part of the space modulation module to complete the mapping between the space bit vector and the transmitting antenna index, thereby realizing the space modulation of any number of transmitting antennas. In addition, because the invention adopts many-to-one mapping in the space of the transmitting antenna, the defects of a bit coding space modulation technology and a generalized space modulation technology are avoided; in addition, the system provided by the invention integrates all the advantages of the traditional spatial modulation, and the application range of the spatial modulation technology with any number of transmitting antennas is wider.
Example 2
The overall structure of the spatial coding modulation system suitable for any number of transmitting antennas is the same as that of embodiment 1, and when the number of the transmitting antennas is a power of 2 during spatial modulation, one-to-one mapping is formed between the spatial bit vector and the transmitting antenna index, that is, one spatial bit vector corresponds to one transmitting antenna index, and one transmitting antenna index only contains information of one spatial bit vector; when the number of transmit antennas is not a power of 2, a many-to-one mapping is formed between the spatial bit vectors and the transmit antenna indices, i.e., a plurality of spatial bit vectors correspond to one transmit antenna index, and then information of the plurality of spatial bit vectors is included in the transmit antenna indices.
In 1968, Gallager proposed a "many-to-one" Mapping scheme, called "Gallager Mapping", in the book "Information Theory and Reliable Communication", which was used to realize the non-uniform input of discrete memoryless channels. The concept of "Gallager Mapping" is also applied to other techniques, but is not currently applied to spatial modulation techniques.
The basic idea of many-to-one mapping is to map multiple code symbols in the finite field gf (q) onto the same channel symbol, instead of using a "one-to-one" mapping, which is flexible in that the probability of each channel symbol can be controlled, enabling non-equal-probability input of discrete memoryless channels. Generally, the code alphabet belonging to the finite field gf (q) is larger than the channel input alphabet when this method is used. Referring to fig. 2, illustrating the concept of many-to-one, assuming non-binary codes over the finite field GF (4), the alphabet of the channel to be transmitted is a, b, c. For many-to-one Gallager mapping
Figure BDA0001448686340000061
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001448686340000062
when the multivariate symbol "0" is mapped to "a", the multivariate symbols "1" and "2" are both mapped to "b", and the multivariate symbol "3" is mapped to "c", the probabilities of the channel symbols are p (a) ═ p (c) ═ 1/4, and p (b) ═ 1/2, respectively, and it is obvious that the probabilities of the channel symbols are not equal.
The invention has applied many to one Mapping (Gallager Mapping) in space code modulation system and method, set up the Mapping mode in the space Mapping unit of the system can be many to one Mapping, make a plurality of space bit vectors map as a sending antenna index, the probability that any sending antenna is activated is unequal, also facilitate the different probabilities of design in order to improve every performance of the system and improve more selection modes for the space modulation method, meanwhile, the invention adopts many to one Mapping mode, only need stipulate the Mapping rule of sending antenna space, have avoided error propagation and detection delay brought in the prior art by the mode conversion, it is apt to combine with the error correcting code in the system; the problem of interference between antennas is also avoided, and the detection precision and reliability are further improved.
Example 3
The present invention is also a spatial code modulation method suitable for any number of transmission antennas, which is implemented on the above spatial code modulation system suitable for any number of transmission antennas, and the overall configuration of the spatial code modulation system suitable for any number of transmission antennas is the same as that in embodiment 1-2, referring to fig. 3, and the spatial code modulation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) number of spatial bits required for spatial allocation to transmit antennas: given an arbitrary integer number of total transmit antennas NtFor total number of transmitting antennas NtPerforming logarithmic operation, i.e. a being log2Nt(ii) a If a is an integer, i.e. the total number of antennas given is a power of 2, let the number of spatial bits be ml＝a＝log2Nt(ii) a Otherwise, set the number of spatial bits to
Figure BDA0001448686340000071
Wherein
Figure BDA0001448686340000072
Meaning rounding up, i.e. taking the smallest integer greater than or equal to · above; for example: if the total number of transmitting antennas is NtWhen the value is 4, ml＝a＝log24-2; if the total number of transmitting antennas is NtWhen being equal to 7, then
Figure BDA0001448686340000073
(2) Setting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna: there are two ways of spatial mapping of transmit antennas: one-to-one mapping and many-to-one mapping; the one-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is equivalent, and a space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index form mapping; many-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmit antenna is unequal, and a plurality of spatial bit vectors and one transmit antenna index form a mapping. That is, in the spatial mapping unit of the spatial modulation module of the spatial coding modulation system applicable to any number of transmit antennas, the mapping mode between the spatial bit vector and the transmit antenna index is either a one-to-one mapping mode or a many-to-one mapping mode
(3) Selecting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna according to the space bit number: in step (1), if the number of spatial bits is ml＝a＝log2NtA is an integer, the number of the transmitting antennas is a power of 2, and a one-to-one mapping mode is adopted between the space bit vector and the transmitting antenna index; if the number of spatial bits is
Figure BDA0001448686340000081
That is, a is not an integer, the number of transmitting antennas is not a power of 2, and a many-to-one mapping mode is adopted between the space bit vector and the transmitting antenna index. For example: if the total number of antennas is Nt＝8，ml＝a＝log28, taking a as an integer and selecting a one-to-one mapping mode; if the total number of transmitting antennas is Nt＝6，
Figure BDA0001448686340000082
a is not an integer, and a many-to-one mapping mode is selected.
(4) Allocating the required signal bit number to the signal space mapping: setting the spectrum efficiency and error correcting code rate to be realized by the system, calculating the spectrum efficiency m of the uncoded system, and calculating the bit number m required by signal space mapping by using a spectrum efficiency formulas＝m-ml. For example: the spectral efficiency of the system to be realized is 3bits/s/Hz, the error correcting code rate is 0.5, and the spatial bit number is m l2 and thus the spectral efficiency of the uncoded system is m 6bits/s/Hz, the number of bits required for signal space mapping is ms＝m-ml＝6-2＝4。
(5) Channel coding the information sequence: a code with strong error correction capability is used, for example: turbo code, LDPC code, carry on the channel coding to the information sequence, utilize the corresponding coding formula, produce the code word through the coder. For example, the encoding is performed using a multivariate LDPC code. And if the spectral efficiency of the uncoded system is m-5 bits/s/Hz, using a multivariate LDPC code with a finite field of GF (32), giving a check matrix H, obtaining a generator matrix G from the check matrix, and obtaining a corresponding code word c after coding according to the result that c is uG.
(6) Code word grouping is carried out on the code words after channel coding: if the channel coding adopted in (5) is multi-element code, the code words generated by the coder are represented by binary bit vectors, and then are separated into m-long code wordssOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlThe spatial bit vector of (2). For example: a codeword vector of length 6 is divided into a signal bit vector of length 4 and a space bit vector of length 2.
(7) And correspondingly mapping the signal bit vector and the space bit vector after the code word grouping: the length of the product separated in the step (6) is msOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlThe space bit vectors are mapped respectively, the signal bit vectors are mapped to traditional modulation constellation points, and the space bit vectors are mapped to sending antenna indexes. For example: modulating the signal bit vector by using QAM modulation, mapping the signal bit vector into a constellation point of a QAM modulation constellation diagram, selecting a transmitting antenna index by using the space bit vector, and activating the selected transmitting antenna after selection.
(8) Information transmission: by using the spatial coding modulation method, the modulation symbols are transmitted through the activated sending antenna, the information of the spatial bit vector is contained in the index of the sending antenna, and the information in any sending antenna index is obtained through the detection of the receiving end.
In the implementation process of the invention, not only a one-to-one or many-to-one mapping mode is adopted in the mapping space of the transmitting antenna, thereby avoiding the problems in the prior art, but also a code with stronger error correction capability is used for channel coding, thereby improving the reliability of information and the performance of the system. Meanwhile, the application range of the method is wider due to the diversification of the mapping mode.
Example 4
The spatial coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas are the same as embodiments 1-3, and the setting of the spatial mapping mode of the transmitting antennas in the step (2) of the spatial coding modulation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
(2a) in the space bit unit, a one-to-one mapping function between the space bit vector and the transmitting antenna index is set as
Figure BDA0001448686340000091
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000092
∑PiI.e. the activation probability of each transmit antenna is equal, one spatial bit vector is mapped to one transmit antenna index. For example: number of spatial bits mlTotal number of transmit antennas N-3t＝8＝23The activation probability of each transmitting antenna is
Figure BDA0001448686340000093
(2b) In the space bit unit, a many-to-one mapping function between a space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index is set
Figure BDA0001448686340000094
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000095
Figure BDA0001448686340000096
And satisfies Σ PiThat is, the activation probability of each transmit antenna is non-uniform, and a plurality of spatial bit vectors are mapped to one transmit antenna index. For example: number of spatial bits mlTotal number of transmit antennas N-3t＝6＜23The activation probability of each transmitting antenna can be set arbitrarily, and only the requirement of satisfying
Figure BDA0001448686340000097
And is
Figure BDA0001448686340000098
Because the invention defines a one-to-one mapping mode and a many-to-one mapping mode for selection when carrying out the space mapping of the transmitting antennas, the application range of the invention is expanded, the space coding modulation of any number of the transmitting antennas is realized, and the application of the many-to-one mapping mode reduces the size of the antenna index space of the system and reduces the detection complexity of the system.
Example 5
The spatial coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas are the same as embodiments 1-4, wherein the channel coding of the information sequence in step (5) comprises the following steps: performing channel coding on an information sequence by adopting a multivariate LDPC code, determining a field GF (q) of the multivariate LDPC code according to the signal bit number required by selected signal space mapping, and defining q to be 2mAnd giving a sparse check matrix H, obtaining a generating matrix G from the check matrix H, and generating a code word c of the multi-element LDPC through an encoder by using an encoding formula c of the multi-element LDPC code as uG.
Given a finite field GF (q), where q is a prime power and α is an element in the finite field GF (q), then
Figure BDA0001448686340000101
α0＝1，1,α,…,αq-2All elements constituting the finite field gf (q). The q-ary LDPC code C with length N and dimension K is formed by an M multiplied by N dimensional matrix H ═ H on GF (q)i,j]Where M is the number of check equations, H is a sparse check matrix, and if H is a full rank matrix, then M is N-K. Let c be (c)0,c1,…,cN-1) For the code word in code C, then, the parity check constraint relationship is expressed as
Figure BDA0001448686340000102
Wherein the operations of multiplication and addition are carried out in the finite field GF (q)Meaning. If the matrix H has a constant row weight dcAnd the column weight dvThen the corresponding word is called (d)v,dc) Irregular q-ary LDPC codes.
In the system and method of the present invention, it is assumed that a finite field GF (q) (and q) is given>2) Upper length N, dimension K LDPC code C [ N, K]Input stream u ═ u (u)0,u1,…,uK-1) (wherein u)kE.g. GF (q)), and is encoded into a code word c ═ c by an LDPC encoder0,c1,…,cN-1)∈C，cjE is GF (q), and the corresponding code rate is RcK/N. Each element c belonging to a finite field GF (q)jBy a binary vector b of length m ═ b0,b1,…,bm-1) Is shown in the specification, wherein bi∈0,1，m＝log2q。
The invention adopts the multivariate LDPC coding and the mapping between symbols, thereby avoiding the performance loss caused by binary bit conversion, improving the performance of the system, and simultaneously, the multivariate LDPC code is used for carrying out channel coding, and improving the reliability of information transmission.
Example 6
The spatial coding modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas are the same as those in embodiments 1-5, and the corresponding codeword mapping is performed in step (7), that is, mapping modes are set in the antenna space and the signal space respectively; the method comprises the following steps:
(7a) if the space bit vector and the index mapping of the transmitting antenna select a one-to-one mapping mode, the length is mlBy a mapping function
Figure BDA0001448686340000111
Mapping to antenna space activates the corresponding transmit antenna, m in this examplel2, total number of transmitting antennas is Nt＝4＝22One-to-one mapping function
Figure BDA0001448686340000112
Comprises the following steps: the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is
Figure BDA0001448686340000113
If the mapping of the space bit vector and the index of the transmitting antenna selects a many-to-one mapping mode, the length is mlMapping function for spatial bit vector
Figure BDA0001448686340000114
Mapping to antenna space activates the corresponding transmit antenna, m in this examplelTotal number of transmit antennas N-3t＝5＜23Many-to-one mapping
Figure BDA0001448686340000115
The function is: probability of activation per transmit antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000116
And is
Figure BDA0001448686340000117
That is, the activation probability of each transmit antenna is from the set
Figure BDA0001448686340000118
But provided that the activation probability of all transmit antennas is then 1.
(7b) Will have a length of msIs mapped to signal space selective modulation constellation points. E.g. msUsing QAM modulation, constellation points of QAM modulation are represented by coordinates as (1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, -1) and (1, -1), a binary bit vector (00) is mapped to the point (1, 1), a binary bit vector (01) is mapped to the point (-1, 1), a binary bit vector (11) is mapped to the point (-1, -1), and a binary bit vector (10) is mapped to the point (1, -1).
In the process of code word mapping, the length is msThe signal bit vector is mapped to a signal constellation to select a modulation constellation point with a length of mlThe space bit vector is mapped into the index of the transmitting antenna, the corresponding transmitting antenna is further activated, and the modulated signal is transmitted through the activated transmitting antenna, so that the process integrates the advantages of space modulation and avoidsThe problem of interference and synchronization between antennas in the generalized spatial modulation technology is solved, and the system performance is improved.
A more detailed example is given below to further illustrate the invention
Example 8
As the conventional spatial modulation technique adopts a one-to-one mapping manner, and the existing techniques related to spatial modulation also adopt a one-to-one mapping manner, and one-to-one mapping has been widely applied, referring to fig. 3, the embodiment specifically exemplifies a many-to-one mapping manner, and when the total number of transmit antennas is given and the number of spatial bits is given, the mapping manner of the present invention is determined, and the detailed steps of the present embodiment are as follows:
step 1, giving the total number N of the transmitting antennas of any integertCalculating the number of bits required for spatial mapping of transmitting antennas
Figure BDA0001448686340000121
In this embodiment, the total number of transmitting antennas is N t9, the number of bits required to calculate the spatial mapping of the transmit antenna index is calculated as
Figure BDA0001448686340000122
When total number of transmitting antennas is NtWhen equal to other numbers, can be based on
Figure BDA0001448686340000123
The corresponding number of bits is obtained.
Step 2, setting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna: the one-to-one mapping mode and the many-to-one mapping mode of the transmitting antenna space are respectively defined, the definition of the mapping mode function is suitable for the space modulation system under any transmitting antenna quantity, and only parameters in the function are required to be substituted when the space modulation system is used.
(2a) Setting a one-to-one mapping function between a spatial bit vector and a transmit antenna index
Figure BDA0001448686340000124
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000125
∑Pi＝1；
(2b) Setting a many-to-one mapping function between a spatial bit vector and a transmit antenna index
Figure BDA0001448686340000126
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000127
And satisfies Σ Pi＝1。
Step 3, this example describes in detail the implementation of the many-to-one mapping scheme, and the total number of transmit antennas set in this example is N t9, the number of spatial bits is m l4, the total number of antennas is not a power of 2, and
Figure BDA0001448686340000128
selecting the mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index as a many-to-one mapping mode, and setting the parameter NtSubstituting 9 into the many-to-one mapping function in step 2, the many-to-one mapping function used in this example is: probability of activation per transmit antenna
Figure BDA0001448686340000129
And is
Figure BDA0001448686340000131
In practice, if the length is mlRequires 2 for one-to-one mapping between the spatial bit vector and the transmit antenna index416 transmit antennas. The invention uses many-to-one mapping in this example, which can be done with 9 transmit antennas. Compared with the prior spatial modulation technology, 7 transmitting antennas are reduced, which is about 44% of the spatial modulation technology which adopts one-to-one mapping antenna usage amount, and the waste of the antennas is reducedAnd the detection complexity of the receiving end is reduced.
Step 4, setting the spectral efficiency and the error correcting code rate which need to be realized by the system, calculating the spectral efficiency m of the uncoded system by using a spectral efficiency formula, and calculating the bit number m required by signal space mappings＝m-ml。
In this embodiment, the spectral efficiency that the system needs to realize is 3bits/s/Hz, and the error correction code rate is 0.5, so the spectral efficiency of the uncoded system is m ═ 6bits/s/Hz, and the number of bits required for calculating the signal space mapping is ms＝m-ml＝6-4＝2。
And step 5, carrying out channel coding on the information series by using codes with stronger error correction performance.
In this embodiment, a finite field with a code rate of 0.5 is a GF (64) -ary LDPC code. Given a sparse check matrix H, a generator matrix G is obtained from H, an information sequence is expressed as u, and a code word c of the multi-element LDPC code is generated by an encoder by using an encoding formula c as uG.
And 6, carrying out code word grouping on code words of the multi-element LDPC code generated by the encoder:
(6a) representing the code word vector of each multi-element LDPC code as a binary bit vector with the length of m;
(6b) dividing each binary bit sequence into two groups to obtain a length mlAnd another length of msThe signal bit vector of (2).
In this embodiment, the codeword vector of the multi-element LDPC coding is represented as a binary bit vector with a length of 6, and then the binary bit vector with a length of 6 is divided into two groups, where the first group has a spatial bit vector length of 4 and the second group has a signal bit vector length of 2.
Step 7, performing code word mapping on the grouped binary bit vectors:
(7a) will have a length of ml4-space bit vector passing through many-to-one mapping function
Figure BDA0001448686340000132
Mapping to a transmitting antenna index space, and selecting a corresponding transmitting antenna for activation;
(7b) will have a length of msThe signal bit vector of 2 is mapped to the signal space, selecting modulation constellation points on the signal constellation.
The signal space mapping in this embodiment is shown in table 1 below,
Table 1 mapping table of signal bit vectors and modulation constellation points
Binary signal bit vector Modulation symbol
00 (+1，+1)
01 (+1，-1)
10 (-1，-1)
11 (-1，+1)
The many-to-one mapping in this embodiment is shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 mapping table of space bit vector and transmit antenna index
Binary space bit vector Antenna index
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7
1000 8
1001 0
1010 1
1011 2
1100 3
1101 4
1110 5
1111 6
And 8, transmitting the modulation information through the activated transmitting antenna by utilizing spatial modulation, and realizing spatial coding modulation suitable for any number of transmitting antennas.
The invention adopts the activation of one transmitting antenna to transmit data information, integrates all the advantages of the traditional spatial modulation, avoids the problems of mutual interference and synchronization between the antennas, and adopts a many-to-one mapping mode to avoid reducing the detection complexity of a receiving end of a system.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to the simulation diagram and the simulation data.
Example 9
The spatial code modulation system and method suitable for any number of transmission antennas are the same as those of embodiments 1 to 8,
simulation conditions and contents: the simulation of the invention uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 simulation software to simulate the mutual information and bit error performance of the space coding modulation system under different numbers of transmitting antennas on a Windows7 system platform. The transmission channel is a flat-fading Rayleigh channel (flat-Rayleigh) channel, and the mutual information curve of the spatial coding modulation system obtained under different numbers of transmitting antennas is shown in fig. 4, and the error bit performance curve obtained is shown in fig. 5.
Referring to fig. 4, the abscissa of fig. 4 represents the signal-to-noise ratio in system simulation, and the ordinate represents the maximum achievable rate of system transmission. Fig. 4 shows mutual information curves of systems under different numbers of transmitting antennas, where line "a" represents a system mutual information curve with 9 transmitting antennas, line "xxx" represents a system mutual information curve with 10 transmitting antennas, line where right triangle mark is located represents a system mutual information curve with 11 transmitting antennas, line "a" represents a system mutual information curve with 12 transmitting antennas, line "■" represents a system mutual information curve with 13 transmitting antennas, line where left triangle mark is located represents a system mutual information curve with 14 transmitting antennas, line "●" represents a system mutual information curve with 15 transmitting antennas, and solid black line with no sign indicates a system mutual information curve with 16 transmitting antennas. From fig. 4, it can be seen that the maximum achievable rates of the system are different for different numbers of transmit antennas. When the system sets the spectral efficiency as rho, the maximum channel capacity C allowed by the system under different numbers of transmitting antennas can be obtained, and theoretically, when the transmission rate R is less than or equal to the channel capacity C, the information transmission is considered to be reliable. Therefore, the invention ensures the reliability of information transmission no matter the number of the antennas.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the transmission rate increases of the systems with several different numbers of transmitting antennas are approximately consistent under low snr, the inset in the middle position of fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the curve at-3 dB, the transmission rate error caused by the different numbers of antennas is very small, as shown in the figure, the total error between 9 and 16 simulated antennas is only 0.18bits/channel use, the error between adjacent curves is smaller, and the error rate is negligible. Although the maximum transmission rate of the system with the specific number of antennas 9 is smaller than the channel capacity, it is acceptable to reduce the transmission rate for the overall system performance compared to the low receiver complexity due to the reduced number of antennas.
Referring to fig. 5, the abscissa of fig. 5 represents the signal-to-noise ratio when the system is simulated, and the ordinate represents the bit error rate of the system. Fig. 5 shows bit error performance curves of systems under different numbers of transmitting antennas, where "□" represents a system bit error performance curve with 9 transmitting antennas, "tangle-solidup" represents a system bit error performance curve with 10 transmitting antennas, "xxx" represents a system bit error performance curve with 11 transmitting antennas, "" > o "represents a system bit error performance curve with 12 transmitting antennas, a left triangle mark line represents a system bit error performance curve with 13 transmitting antennas," "left triangle mark line represents a system bit error performance curve with 14 transmitting antennas, a right triangle mark line represents a system bit error performance curve with 15 transmitting antennas," "□" dotted line represents a generalized spatial modulation system bit error performance curve with 7 transmitting antennas. As can be seen from fig. 5, the bit error performance of the spatial coding modulation system using the many-to-one mapping with the number of transmit antennas being less than 16 differs by at most 0.5dB from the performance of the spatial coding modulation system using the one-to-one mapping with the number of antennas being 16, which is tolerable, so that the spatial coding modulation system and method based on the many-to-one mapping according to the present invention can use any number of transmit antennas and provide reliable transmission performance, and have stronger engineering applicability.
The invention discloses a spatial coding modulation method suitable for any number of transmitting antennas, which solves the problem that the spatial modulation technology is limited by the number of the transmitting antennas to be the power of 2, and simultaneously solves the problems of mode conversion, error propagation and interference among antennas in the conventional spatial modulation technology with any number of transmitting antennas. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) calculating the bit number required by space mapping of a transmitting antenna; (2) setting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna; (3) selecting a mapping mode according to the number of the transmitting antennas and the number of the space bits; (4) performing channel coding on the information sequence; the invention adopts Gallager mapping and applies the Gallager mapping to a spatial modulation system, only needs to stipulate the mapping rule of the antenna index space, avoids the inconvenience and detection delay caused by analog-to-digital conversion in the prior art, is easy to combine with an error correcting code in the system, and avoids the loss of system performance caused by error propagation caused by analog-to-digital conversion in the prior art. Meanwhile, the problems of mutual interference and synchronization between the antennas brought by the prior art are avoided, and the detection complexity of the system is high.

Claims (5)

1. A space coding modulation system suitable for any number of sending antennas comprises a coding module, a space modulation module, a space demodulation module and a decoding module, wherein the space modulation module comprises a signal mapping unit and a space mapping unit in parallel, the signal mapping unit finishes the mapping between a signal bit vector and a traditional modulation constellation point, and the space mapping unit finishes the mapping between a space bit vector and a sending antenna index; when the spatial modulation is carried out, when the number of the transmitting antennas is a power of 2, one-to-one mapping is formed between the spatial bit vectors and the transmitting antenna indexes, namely one spatial bit vector corresponds to one transmitting antenna index, and one transmitting antenna index only contains the information of one spatial bit vector; when the number of transmit antennas is not a power of 2, a many-to-one mapping is formed between the spatial bit vectors and the transmit antenna indices, i.e., a plurality of spatial bit vectors correspond to one transmit antenna index, and then information of the plurality of spatial bit vectors is included in the transmit antenna indices.
2. A spatial code modulation method suitable for any number of transmit antennas, which is implemented on the spatial code modulation system suitable for any number of transmit antennas of claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) number of spatial bits required for spatial allocation to transmit antennas: given an arbitrary integer number of total transmit antennas NtFor total number of transmitting antennas NtPerforming logarithmic operation, i.e. a being log2 Nt(ii) a If a is an integer, i.e. a given antenna assemblyPower of 2, and m as the number of spatial bitsl＝a＝log2 Nt(ii) a Otherwise, set the number of spatial bits to
Figure FDA0002581220820000011
Wherein
Figure FDA0002581220820000012
Meaning rounding up, i.e. taking the smallest integer greater than or equal to · above;
(2) setting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna: there are two ways of spatial mapping of transmit antennas: one-to-one mapping and many-to-one mapping; the one-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is equivalent, and a space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index form mapping; the many-to-one mapping means that the activation probability of each transmitting antenna is unequal, and a plurality of space bit vectors and one transmitting antenna index form mapping;
(3) selecting a space mapping mode of a transmitting antenna according to the space bit number: in step (1), if the number of spatial bits is ml＝a＝log2 NtAdopting a one-to-one mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index; if the number of spatial bits is
Figure FDA0002581220820000013
Adopting a many-to-one mapping mode between the space bit vector and the sending antenna index;
(4) allocating the required signal bit number to the signal space mapping: setting the spectrum efficiency and error correcting code rate to be realized by the system, calculating the spectrum efficiency m of the uncoded system, and calculating the bit number m required by signal space mapping by using a spectrum efficiency formulas＝m-ml；
(5) Channel coding the information sequence: a code with strong error correction capability is used, for example: turbo code, LDPC code, carry on the channel coding to the information sequence, utilize the corresponding coding formula, produce the code word through the coder;
(6) code word grouping is carried out on the code words after channel coding: as used in (5)The channel coding is multi-element code, the code word generated by the coder is represented by binary bit vector, then the code word is separated into m lengthsOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlA spatial bit vector of (a);
(7) performing corresponding code word mapping on the signal bit vector and the space bit vector after code word grouping: will be m in lengthsOf a signal bit vector sum of length mlThe space bit vectors are respectively mapped, the signal bit vectors are mapped into traditional modulation constellation points, and the space bit vectors are mapped into sending antenna indexes;
(8) information transmission: by using the spatial coding modulation method, the modulation symbols are transmitted through the activated sending antenna, the information of the spatial bit vector is contained in the index of the sending antenna, and the information in any sending antenna index is obtained through the detection of the receiving end.
3. The spatial code modulation method according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) of setting the spatial mapping scheme of the transmitting antennas comprises the steps of:
(2a) in a space bit unit, a one-to-one mapping function between a space bit vector and a transmission antenna index is set
Figure FDA0002581220820000021
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure FDA0002581220820000022
∑PiMapping one space bit vector into one transmitting antenna index as 1;
(2b) in the space bit unit, a many-to-one mapping function between a space bit vector and a transmitting antenna index is set
Figure FDA0002581220820000023
Setting activation probability of each transmitting antenna
Figure FDA0002581220820000024
Figure FDA0002581220820000025
And satisfies Σ PiWhere Σ · is the summation operation, multiple spatial bit vectors are mapped to one transmit antenna index.
4. The spatial code modulation method according to claim 2, wherein the step (5) of channel coding the information sequence comprises the steps of: performing channel coding on an information sequence by adopting a multivariate LDPC code, determining a field GF (q) of the multivariate LDPC code according to the signal bit number required by selected signal space mapping, and defining q to be 2mAnd giving a sparse check matrix H, obtaining a generator matrix G from the sparse check matrix H, and generating a code word c of the multi-element LDPC through an encoder by using a coding formula c of the multi-element LDPC code as uG.
5. The spatial code modulation method according to claim 2, wherein said mapping the corresponding codeword in step (7) comprises the following steps:
(7a) if it is a one-to-one mapping, the length is mlBy a mapping function
Figure FDA0002581220820000031
Mapping to an antenna space to activate a corresponding transmitting antenna; if it is a many-to-one mapping, the length is mlBy a mapping function
Figure FDA0002581220820000032
Mapping to an antenna space to activate a corresponding transmitting antenna;
(7b) will have a length of msIs mapped to signal space selective modulation constellation points.
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