CN107910434B - Preparation method of shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107910434B CN107910434B CN201711112739.1A CN201711112739A CN107910434B CN 107910434 B CN107910434 B CN 107910434B CN 201711112739 A CN201711112739 A CN 201711112739A CN 107910434 B CN107910434 B CN 107910434B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251737 Raja Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/702—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/09—Forming piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H10N30/092—Forming composite materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/852—Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps: cutting one surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction to form uniformly arranged piezoelectric fibers; filling epoxy resin in the fiber gaps and curing to obtain the piezoelectric fibers filled with the epoxy resin; thinning one surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece opposite to the cutting surface to obtain a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer; compounding flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer by using epoxy resin, wherein the flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface are mirror-symmetrical, and finger parts of the flexible interdigital electrodes are parallel to piezoelectric fibers; and curing the epoxy resin to obtain the epoxy resin. The method has simple process, and the obtained piezoelectric fiber composite material has good integrity, clear piezoelectric fiber, certain flexibility, good bending deformation resistance, good electrical property, good strain property and good driving property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of piezoelectric materials, in particular to a preparation method of a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material.
Background
Piezoelectric ceramics widely used at present and comprising33Piezoelectric ceramic composite materials including piezoelectric fiber composite materials are all based on the axial piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, namely, the direction of a driving electric field acting on the piezoelectric ceramics is parallel to the polarization direction of the ceramics, and the piezoelectric ceramics generate the piezoelectric fibers along the polarization direction (d)33) Or perpendicular to the direction of polarization (d)31) As shown in fig. 21. In addition to the axial piezoelectric effect, including PZT (piezoelectric ceramic), BaTiO3The piezoelectric ceramic material also has a shear piezoelectric effect, i.e. when the direction of the applied electric field is perpendicular to the polarization directionWhen the piezoelectric ceramic is straight, the piezoelectric ceramic generates a pure shear (d)15) Deformed as shown in fig. 22. When the piezoelectric material working based on the axial piezoelectric effect is applied to vibration suppression or adaptive control, the piezoelectric material and the device are usually directly adhered to the surface of the main structure, and the main structure is controlled through the stretching deformation mode of the piezoelectric material. One of the most obvious disadvantages of this surface-mount drive is that it is necessary to ensure a tight bond between the piezoelectric material and the main structure, otherwise peeling can easily occur when subjected to an impact from an external load.
in 1995, Sun and Zhang proposed a novel adaptive structure, in which a piezoelectric ceramic core plate was located between upper and lower main structure panels, the piezoelectric ceramic polarization direction of the core was the length direction, a driving electric field was applied along the thickness direction, and the main structure was controlled by the shear deformation mode of the piezoelectric material under the action of the electric field. Since the piezoelectric material is located at the core of the main structure, it is less affected by external loads. Further simulations have found that the stress level in shear mode adaptive structures is lower than that of extension mode adaptive structures, whether under the same electric field or mechanical load.
At present, the main application potential of the shear mode piezoelectric material is concentrated in the field of vibration control, related researches include active vibration control, passive vibration control and active and passive vibration control, and the researches show that the shear mode piezoelectric material has a good vibration suppression effect, and even has higher additional damping and vibration reduction amplitude compared with the extension mode piezoelectric material under a certain condition.
Although the shear mode piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to smaller stress in the adaptive structure than in the extension mode, the brittleness of the ceramic material still limits the application range, especially for a main body structure with a complex shape such as a curved surface. In response to this situation, the following two different configurations of d have been proposed by the relevant researchers15The piezoelectric fiber composite material.
Raja proposed in 2008 a method capable of realizing the working in the cutting mode15The piezoelectric fiber composite material. And d33The piezoelectric fiber composite material is similar to the piezoelectric fiber composite material, and the piezoelectric fiber composite materialseed d15The piezoelectric fiber composite material is also a sheet composite material consisting of rectangular piezoelectric ceramic fibers, a resin matrix and flexible copper electrodes, and inherits the flexibility of the piezoelectric fiber composite material. The polarization is carried out along the width direction of the fiber, the polarities of the upper electrode and the lower electrode are opposite, and the electric field is applied along the thickness direction of the fiber, so that the shearing working mode of the whole material is realized. However, in the preparation process of the structural composite material, polarized fibers need to be orderly arranged and bonded, and the driving performance of the whole material can be influenced by factors such as flatness of the fibers in the arrangement process, whether the polarization direction can strictly follow the horizontal direction according to design requirements and the like.
While in Kranz the paper mentions another configuration of d15the piezoelectric fiber composite material. Unlike Raja, this d15The piezoelectric fiber composite material is prepared by processing a piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the length direction, wherein the polarization is along the length direction of the fiber, and an electric field is still applied along the thickness direction of the fiber. Because a whole piece of piezoelectric ceramic piece is used as a raw material, the structure ensures the consistency of the polarization direction of the ceramic fiber in the fiber length direction, however, very high polarization voltage is needed when the piezoelectric ceramic is polarized in the fiber length direction, so the structure is only suitable for preparing small-size samples in a laboratory and is difficult to be practically applied.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material, aiming at overcoming the defects and defects in the prior art, the method is simple in process, the piezoelectric ceramic plate polarized in the thickness direction can be used as a ceramic substrate to prepare the piezoelectric fiber composite material, and the obtained piezoelectric fiber composite material is good in integrity, regular in arrangement of piezoelectric fibers, flexible to a certain degree, capable of resisting bending deformation, and good in electrical performance, strain performance and driving performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A preparation method of a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting one surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction to form uniformly arranged piezoelectric fibers, wherein fiber gaps are formed between the adjacent piezoelectric fibers, and the cutting size corresponds to the finger spacing of the interdigital electrodes;
(2) Filling epoxy resin in the fiber gaps, and curing the epoxy resin to obtain the piezoelectric fibers filled with the epoxy resin;
(3) thinning the surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece opposite to the cutting surface to obtain a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer;
(4) Compounding flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer obtained in the step (3) by using epoxy resin, wherein the flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface are ensured to be mirror-symmetrical in the compounding process, and finger parts of the flexible interdigital electrodes are parallel to the piezoelectric fibers and just positioned at the inner sides of the edges of the piezoelectric fibers;
(5) And curing the epoxy resin between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer and the flexible interdigital electrode to obtain the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material.
In the case of piezoelectric ceramics, the effects are significantly different by thickness-direction polarization and length-direction polarization. Because the polarization voltage of the PZT piezoelectric ceramics is 2.5kV/mm, when the polarization is adopted in the length direction, the polarization voltage is very large, and the breakdown is easy to cause the material to lose efficacy; and when the polarization in the thickness direction is adopted, the polarization voltage can be greatly reduced. However, the conventional production process cannot produce a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite polarized in the thickness direction using piezoelectric ceramics polarized in the thickness direction as a base material. The shear type piezoelectric fiber composite is prepared by skillfully utilizing the 'shearing-filling-thinning' process and taking the piezoelectric ceramics polarized in the thickness direction as the base material, so that the problem that the piezoelectric fibers in the traditional shear type piezoelectric fiber composite can only be polarized in the length direction is solved, and the obtained piezoelectric fiber composite has good integrity, regular arrangement of the piezoelectric fibers, certain flexibility, bending deformation resistance, good electrical property, good strain property and good driving property.
preferably, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet is PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic, PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic, PZT4 piezoelectric ceramic or PZT8 piezoelectric ceramic.
Preferably, the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 180 to 280 μm.
more preferably, the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 200 μm.
Preferably, the epoxy resin has an elastic modulus after curing of 1GPa to 4GPa, and a Poisson's ratio of 0.15 to 0.27.
More preferably, the cured elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 3GPa to 4 GPa.
preferably, in the step (1), the width of the piezoelectric fiber is 680 to 700 μm, and the width of the fiber gap is 520 to 540 μm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the volume fraction of the piezoelectric fibers in the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer is 50 to 85%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the curing temperature is 35 to 45 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (5), the curing temperature is 60 to 70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet is polarized by the following method: polarizing the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet along the thickness direction for 18-22 min at the dielectric strength of 2-3 kV/mm and the temperature of 70-90 ℃ to obtain the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) For piezoelectric ceramics, there is a significant difference in effect by thickness direction polarization and length direction polarization. Because the polarization voltage of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic is 2.5kV/mm, when the polarization is adopted in the length direction, the polarization voltage is very large, the breakdown is easy to cause the material to lose efficacy, and when the polarization is adopted in the thickness direction, the polarization voltage can be greatly reduced. The existing preparation process can not realize the piezoelectric fiber composite polarized in the thickness direction, and the process can skillfully utilize the piezoelectric ceramic polarized in the thickness direction to prepare the piezoelectric fiber composite, thereby solving the problem that the piezoelectric fiber in the traditional shear type piezoelectric fiber composite can only be polarized in the length direction.
(2) The piezoelectric fiber composite material is prepared by the shearing-filling-thinning process, so that the process flow is simple and the practicability is high; uniformly arranged piezoelectric fibers are formed on one surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece through cutting, epoxy resin is filled in fiber gaps and cured, and then the other surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece is thinned, so that the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained.
(3) The piezoelectric fiber composite obtained by the method has the advantages of thin thickness, good integrity, clear piezoelectric fiber, certain flexibility, bending deformation resistance and the like, and has good electrical property, strain property and driving property.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a product of a piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the impedance spectrum of the piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal tangential displacement test process of the piezoelectric fiber composite material.
Fig. 4 is a triangular wave ac voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 1Hz and a voltage amplitude of 270V.
Fig. 5 is a triangular wave ac voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 10Hz and a voltage amplitude of 270V.
Fig. 6 is a triangular wave ac voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 1Hz and a voltage amplitude of 240V.
FIG. 7 is a triangular wave AC voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 10Hz and a voltage amplitude of 240V.
fig. 8 is a triangular wave ac voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 1Hz and a voltage amplitude of 210V.
Fig. 9 is a triangular wave ac voltage test curve of the piezoelectric composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a voltage frequency of 10Hz and a voltage amplitude of 210V.
FIG. 10 shows the results of the tip displacement test of the piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention under the sinusoidal AC drive at 0.1 Hz.
FIG. 11 shows the results of the tip displacement test of the piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in example 1 under the sinusoidal AC driving at 1Hz, 10Hz, and 100Hz, respectively.
FIG. 12 is a comparison curve of equivalent piezoelectric strain constants of piezoelectric fiber composites obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a comparison curve of equivalent piezoelectric stress constants of piezoelectric fiber composites obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a comparison curve of equivalent shear modulus of the piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a comparison curve of equivalent piezoelectric strain constants of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 5 to 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a comparison curve of equivalent piezoelectric stress constants of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 5 to 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a comparison curve of equivalent shear moduli of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 5 to 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing equivalent piezoelectric strain constant versus time curves of composite materials obtained in examples 1 and 11 to 14 of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the equivalent piezoelectric stress constant of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 11 to 14 of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a comparison curve of equivalent shear moduli of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 11 to 14 of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the axial piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric ceramic.
FIG. 22 is a schematic view showing the shear piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric ceramic.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
Polarizing the PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheet along the thickness direction at the dielectric strength of 2.5kV/mm and the temperature of 80 ℃ for 20min to obtain the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction; one surface of the polarized lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet is cut by a blade with the thickness of 500 mu m to form a plurality of piezoelectric fibers which are uniformly arranged, the width of each piezoelectric fiber is 690 mu m, the thickness of each piezoelectric fiber is 200 mu m, fiber gaps are formed between every two adjacent piezoelectric fibers, and the width of each fiber gap is 530 mu m.
Epoxy resin (product code: Araldite 2020) was filled in the fiber gaps, followed by curing at 40 ℃, and the cured epoxy resin had an elastic modulus of 3.38GPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.27, to obtain piezoelectric fibers in which the fiber gaps were filled with epoxy resin.
And thinning the surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece opposite to the cutting surface to obtain a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer, wherein the volume fraction of piezoelectric fibers in the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer is 56.6%.
And compounding flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of the obtained lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer by using epoxy resin, wherein the flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface are ensured to be in mirror symmetry in the compounding process, and finger parts of the flexible interdigital electrodes are parallel to piezoelectric fibers.
and curing the epoxy resin between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer and the flexible interdigital electrode at 65 ℃ under proper pressure to obtain the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material.
The product photograph of the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the piezoelectric fiber composite material has good integrity, clear piezoelectric fibers and certain flexibility. And testing the electrical property, the strain property and the driving property of the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material.
The impedance spectrum of the piezoelectric fiber composite material is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the resonance spectrum of the piezoelectric fiber composite material appears in the vicinity of 5.6MHz and 13.4 MHz.
The horizontal tangential displacement of the piezoelectric fiber composite material is tested to obtain the relation between the tangential displacement and the voltage, an alumina ceramic disc is selected as a fixed plane and is placed on a vibration reduction table for testing, and the testing process is shown in figure 3. The test results of the composite material under the triangular wave alternating voltage test condition with the voltage frequency of 1Hz and the voltage amplitude of 270V are shown in FIG. 4, the test results with the voltage frequency of 10Hz and the voltage amplitude of 270V are shown in FIG. 5, the test results with the voltage frequency of 1Hz and the voltage amplitude of 240V are shown in FIG. 6, the test results with the voltage frequency of 10Hz and the voltage amplitude of 240V are shown in FIG. 7, the test results with the voltage frequency of 1Hz and the voltage amplitude of 210V are shown in FIG. 8, and the test results with the voltage frequency of 10Hz and the voltage amplitude of 210V are shown in FIG. 9. As can be seen from fig. 4 to 9, the relationship between the horizontal tangential displacement of the piezoelectric fiber composite material and the driving voltage shows a certain hysteresis.
The obtained piezoelectric fiber composite material and Mylar films (Mylar films) on the upper and lower surfaces are compounded into a shear type cantilever beam, the top displacement of the cantilever beam is measured under the drive of sine alternating current voltage, the measurement result when the voltage frequency is 0.1Hz is shown in figure 10, and the measurement results when the voltage frequencies are respectively 1Hz, 10Hz and 100Hz are shown in figure 11. As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, as the frequency of the driving voltage decreases, the tip displacement of the piezoelectric fiber composite material increases, wherein the test result at 0.1Hz is much larger than other frequencies.
Example 2:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 180 μm, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained through a numerical calculation mode.
Example 3:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 240 μm, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained through a numerical calculation mode.
Example 4:
the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 280 μm, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained through a numerical calculation mode.
the equivalent material parameter curves of the piezoelectric fiber composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 were plotted, and the equivalent piezoelectric strain constants thereofEquivalent piezoelectric stress constantAnd equivalent shear modulusas shown in fig. 12, 13 and 14, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of the composite material increases with the volume fraction of the piezoelectric fibers under the same piezoelectric fiber thicknessAlmost linearly increasing.
And the equivalent piezoelectric stress constant of the composite materialAnd equivalent shear modulusWith increasing fibre volumethe trend is non-linear. As the fiber volume fraction increases from 0 to 0.5,AndRespectively increased from 0 to 2.02C/m2And 7.14GPa, and as the fiber volume fraction continues to increase to 1,AndRespectively increased to 10.76C/m2And 16.22 GPa. Under the condition that the volume fraction of the fibers is more than 0.5, the effect of improving the overall piezoelectric performance of the composite material by continuously improving the volume fraction of the fibers is more remarkable. The change rule of the equivalent piezoelectric property of the piezoelectric fiber composite material with different piezoelectric fiber thicknesses along with the volume fraction is similar to that of the composite material with the fiber thickness of 200 mu m. However, a higher fiber volume fraction means that the volume fraction of the resin matrix in the composite decreases and the flexibility of the composite decreases. Therefore, the volume fraction of the fibers in the piezoelectric fiber composite material should be controlled to be between 0.5 and 0.85. With increasing thickness of piezoelectric fibres at the same fibre volume fractionAndAre all slightly elevated. This is because the relative thickness of the PZT/epoxy in the bulk material increases due to the increased fiber thickness, the overall fraction of piezoelectric phase in the composite increases, and the better the piezoelectric performance. But the improvement of the piezoelectric performance of the composite material is limited. Of composite material with a fibre thickness of 280 μmandThe improvement is only 4.2 percent, 16.2 percent and 11.5 percent respectively on the basis of the composite material with the fiber thickness of 180 mu m. Considering the problems that the axial uniform electric field intensity generated by the finger electrode in the composite and the area occupation ratio thereof are reduced along with the increase of the fiber thickness, the integral rigidity of the composite material is increased due to the increase of the piezoelectric fiber thickness, the preparation process and the like, the thickness of the fiber in the piezoelectric fiber composite material is about 200 mu m.
example 5:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 0.5GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 6:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 1GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
example 7:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 1.5GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 8:
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 2GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 9:
the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 3GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 10:
the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 3.38GPa, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of the composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 5 to 10equivalent piezoelectric stress constantAnd equivalent shear modulusThe change curves with the epoxy resin elastic modulus are shown in fig. 15, fig. 16 and fig. 17, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 15, as the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin increases, the equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of the composite material increasesSharply increases, but the equivalent piezoelectric strain constant increases as the resin modulus increases to around 1GPathe magnitude of the continued increase is within 1.4%, and almost no longer increases with increasing resin modulus. As can be seen from FIGS. 16 and 17, the equivalent piezoelectric stress constantAnd equivalent shear modulusthe resin modulus increases with increasing resin modulus, which increases by 92.4% and 81.0% when increasing from 1GPa to 3GPa, respectively. Therefore, the piezoelectric fiber composite material prepared by using the resin with larger modulus as the raw material can improve the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric fiber composite material.
Example 11:
The preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, except that the Poisson ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.15, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 12:
The preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, except that the Poisson ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.2, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 13:
The preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, except that the Poisson ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.25, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Example 14:
The preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, except that the Poisson ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.27, the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained, and the equivalent material parameters of the piezoelectric fiber composite material are obtained in a numerical calculation mode.
Equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of composite materials obtained in example 1 and examples 11 to 14Equivalent piezoelectric stress constantand equivalent shear modulusThe curves of the Poisson's ratio with epoxy resin are shown in FIG. 18, FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 18, when the Poisson's ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.2, the equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric fiber composite material isthere is a maximum, but the difference between the maximum and minimum is very small, only 0.1%. It can be seen from fig. 19 and 20 that as the poisson's ratio of the epoxy resin increases, the equivalent piezoelectric strain constant of the composite material increasesAnd equivalent shear modulusa drop occurs, both of which fall in the vicinity of 3.4% as the poisson's ratio of the resin increases from 0.15 to 0.25. Therefore, the piezoelectric performance of the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material can be slightly improved by selecting the epoxy resin with small Poisson ratio. The piezoelectric fiber composite material prepared by the resin with high modulus and low Poisson ratio can obtain certain piezoelectric performance improvement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cutting one surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction to form uniformly arranged piezoelectric fibers, wherein fiber gaps are formed between the adjacent piezoelectric fibers;
(2) Filling epoxy resin in the fiber gaps, and curing the epoxy resin at the curing temperature of 35-45 ℃ to obtain the piezoelectric fibers filled with the epoxy resin, wherein the cured elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 1-4 GPa, and the Poisson ratio of the epoxy resin is 0.15-0.27;
(3) Thinning the surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece opposite to the cutting surface to obtain a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer;
(4) Compounding flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer obtained in the step (3) by using epoxy resin, wherein the flexible interdigital electrodes on the upper surface and the lower surface are ensured to be mirror-symmetrical in the compounding process, and finger parts of the flexible interdigital electrodes are parallel to the piezoelectric fibers and just positioned at the inner sides of the edges of the piezoelectric fibers;
(5) And curing the epoxy resin between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer and the flexible interdigital electrode at the curing temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material.
2. the method for preparing a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet is PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic, PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic, PZT4 piezoelectric ceramic or PZT8 piezoelectric ceramic.
3. the method for preparing a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 180 to 280 μm.
4. The method for preparing a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 200 μm.
5. The method for preparing a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the width of the piezoelectric fiber is 680 to 700 μm, and the width of the fiber gap is 520 to 540 μm.
6. The method for preparing a shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the volume fraction of the piezoelectric fibers in the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic-epoxy resin composite layer is 50-85%.
7. The method for preparing the shear type piezoelectric fiber composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (1), the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet is polarized by the following method:
Polarizing the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet along the thickness direction for 18-22 min at the dielectric strength of 2-3 kV/mm and the temperature of 70-90 ℃ to obtain the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet polarized along the thickness direction.
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