CN107907491B - An optical fiber sensor and its detection platform and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤传感技术领域,尤其涉及一种光纤传感器及其检测平台和方法。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber sensor and its detection platform and method.
背景技术Background technique
温度和液体参数的检测分析在石油、化工、制药、食品以及环境监测等行业中有着广泛的应用,其中,液体的检测包括多个参数,例如液体的成分、折射率、浓度、表面张力、浑浊度、pH值以及粘度等等。对液体成分进行检测的方法有很多种,除了传统的物理化学方法外,还有分光光度测量、液相色谱等方法也被广泛应用,但这些液体检测的方法多数功能比较单一,检测效率低,且成本较高。光纤传感器已成为测量液体的折射率和浓度的较为实用的方法,微纤维因具有与基于光纤光栅的传感器相似的灵敏度,同时制造成本较低并且相对更容易制造的特点(通常仅需要熔接机来实现),逐渐被发现并广泛应用。近来有许多微纤维结构已经被报道,如超细纤维环路谐振器(MLR),超细纤维线圈共振器(MCR),超细纤维结共振器,超细纤维马赫-曾德干涉仪(MMZI)等。The detection and analysis of temperature and liquid parameters are widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and environmental monitoring industries. Among them, liquid detection includes multiple parameters, such as liquid composition, refractive index, concentration, surface tension, turbidity, etc. degree, pH value and viscosity etc. There are many methods for detecting liquid components. In addition to traditional physical and chemical methods, methods such as spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography are also widely used. However, most of these liquid detection methods have single functions and low detection efficiency. And the cost is higher. Fiber optic sensors have become a more practical way to measure the refractive index and concentration of liquids, as microfibers have similar sensitivity to fiber grating-based sensors while being less expensive to manufacture and relatively easier to fabricate (often only requiring a fusion splicer to do so). Realized), gradually discovered and widely used. Recently, many microfiber structures have been reported, such as microfiber loop resonator (MLR), microfiber coil resonator (MCR), microfiber knot resonator, microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MMZI )wait.
在现有的检测平台中,较多的通过适当改变光纤结构来提高光纤传感器的灵敏度。研究发现,在改变光纤结构时,采用的方法有多种:对普通光纤进行拉锥,增加倏逝场长度,或是增加多个锥体结构(倏逝场),或是改变直线拉锥光纤结构为U形探头结构,以及改变光纤中光波的传输方式为反射方式等,均可在一定程度上提高光纤传感器的灵敏度。In the existing detection platforms, the sensitivity of fiber optic sensors is mostly improved by appropriately changing the structure of the fiber optics. Research has found that when changing the fiber structure, there are many methods used: taper the ordinary fiber, increase the length of the evanescent field, or add multiple cone structures (evanescent field), or change the straight-line tapered fiber The structure is a U-shaped probe structure, and the transmission mode of the light wave in the optical fiber is changed to the reflection mode, etc., which can improve the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor to a certain extent.
2008年4月15日发表在IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS,VOL.20,NO.8上的论文《Refractive Index Sensing With Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based onConcatenating Two Single-Mode Fiber Tapers》,Zhaobing Tian等研究了直线结构的拉锥光纤串的高灵敏特性,并用于液体折射率的检测。In the paper "Refractive Index Sensing With Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on Concatenating Two Single-Mode Fiber Tapers" published on IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL.20, NO.8 on April 15, 2008, Zhaobing Tian et al. The high-sensitivity characteristics of the tapered optical fiber string are used to detect the refractive index of liquids.
2013年2月发表在IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL,VOL.13,NO.2上的论文《InlineMicrofiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for High Temperature Sensing》,AliAbdulhadi Jasim,等研究了基于马赫曾德尔干涉的拉锥光纤串传感器的高温敏感特性,首先对普通光纤拉锥,制成一个锥体结构,然后在锥体结构上,再进行拉锥。In the paper "InlineMicrofiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for High Temperature Sensing" published in IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL.13, NO.2 in February 2013, AliAbdulhadi Jasim, etc. studied the performance of the tapered optical fiber string sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interference. High-temperature sensitive characteristics, first taper the ordinary optical fiber to make a cone structure, and then taper on the cone structure.
2013年9月17号发表在10.1049/iet-opt上的论文《Microcontroller-basedinstrumentation system for measurement of refractive index of liquid usingbare,tapered and bent fibre as sensor》,Shakuntala Laskar等研究的是基于微控制器系统上,使用去除包层的弯曲锥形多模光纤传感器,在拉锥段上弯曲成U形,制成探头,去检测液体的折射率;该论文主要涉及到对电路的设计,元器件的选择及连接。In the paper "Microcontroller-based instrumentation system for measurement of refractive index of liquid using bare,tapered and bent fiber as sensor" published on 10.1049/iet-opt on September 17, 2013, Shakuntala Laskar et al. , use the curved tapered multimode fiber sensor with the cladding removed, bend it into a U shape on the tapered section, and make a probe to detect the refractive index of the liquid; this paper mainly involves the design of the circuit, the selection of components and connect.
由于光纤本身极易折断,且倏逝场部分光纤更为纤细、敏感;因此无论直线型拉锥结构或是U形探头结构,传感器较长的倏逝场,在一次液体检测完成后,均存在清洗不便的问题,清洗时会对拉锥区造成损伤,影响下次液体检测。而在拉锥段加上U行结构,存在加工难度大,对两侧拉锥区的一致性要求高,结构复杂,使得该类传感器的封装、使用更为困难,这在现实操作中实现难度大,不具有推广使用的意义,且成本较高;另外,直线结构的拉锥光纤在用于检测小规模微量液体时,不能与液体充分接触,检测也较为困难;上述结构的光纤传感器在灵敏度要求较高的场合均无法推广使用。Since the optical fiber itself is very easy to break, and the evanescent field part of the optical fiber is more slender and sensitive; therefore, no matter the linear tapered structure or the U-shaped probe structure, the long evanescent field of the sensor will exist after a liquid detection is completed. The problem of inconvenient cleaning will cause damage to the tapered area during cleaning, which will affect the next liquid detection. However, adding a U-line structure to the tapered section has high processing difficulty, high requirements for the consistency of the tapered areas on both sides, and complex structure, which makes the packaging and use of this type of sensor more difficult, which is difficult to achieve in actual operation. It is not meaningful to popularize and use, and the cost is high; in addition, when the tapered optical fiber with linear structure is used to detect small-scale trace liquid, it cannot fully contact with the liquid, and the detection is also difficult; the optical fiber sensor with the above structure has a high sensitivity. It cannot be promoted and used in occasions with higher requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
1.发明要解决的技术问题1. The technical problem to be solved by the invention
针对现有技术的光纤传感器检测灵敏度低的问题,本发明提供了一种光纤传感器及其检测平台和方法。它对普通拉锥光纤串进行加工,可以提高锥形光纤传感器的灵敏度。Aiming at the problem of low detection sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor in the prior art, the present invention provides an optical fiber sensor and its detection platform and method. It processes ordinary tapered optical fiber strings, which can improve the sensitivity of tapered optical fiber sensors.
2.技术方案2. Technical solution
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is:
一种光纤传感器,由光纤探头构成,包括入射区、传感区和光纤末段,还包括拉锥区,所述的传感区一端与一个拉锥区和入射区依次连接,所述的传感区的另一端与另一个拉锥区和光纤末段一端依次连接。它可以增大传感器的灵敏度。An optical fiber sensor is composed of an optical fiber probe, including an incident area, a sensing area, and an end section of an optical fiber, and also includes a tapered area, one end of the sensing area is connected with a tapered area and the incident area in sequence, and the sensing area The other end of the sensing area is sequentially connected with another tapered area and one end of the fiber end section. It can increase the sensitivity of the sensor.
优选地,所述的拉锥区包括拉锥区I和拉锥区II,所述的拉锥区I一端与传感区一端连接,所述的拉锥区I另一端与入射区连接,所述的拉锥区II一端与传感区另一端连接,所述的拉锥区II另一端与光纤末段连接。Preferably, the said tapered region includes a tapered region I and a tapered region II, one end of the tapered region I is connected to one end of the sensing region, and the other end of the tapered region I is connected to the incident region, so One end of the said tapered region II is connected to the other end of the sensing region, and the other end of said tapered region II is connected to the end section of the optical fiber.
优选地,所述的光纤探头包括包层和纤芯,所述包层内设有纤芯。Preferably, the optical fiber probe includes a cladding and a fiber core, and the cladding is provided with a fiber core.
优选地,所述的光纤末段的端面上设有一层金属膜,所述的拉锥区上设有一层金属膜。它可显著增强传感区的光强,有利于提高灵敏度。Preferably, a metal film is provided on the end surface of the optical fiber end section, and a metal film is provided on the tapered region. It can significantly enhance the light intensity in the sensing area, which is beneficial to improve the sensitivity.
优选地,所述传感区为U形。Preferably, the sensing area is U-shaped.
优选地,所述传感区包括传感区I和传感区II,所述传感区II为U形,所述传感区II一端与一个传感区I和拉锥区和入射区依次连接,所述传感区II另一端与另一个传感区I和光纤末段依次连接。Preferably, the sensing area includes a sensing area I and a sensing area II, the sensing area II is U-shaped, and one end of the sensing area II is connected to a sensing area I, a tapered area and an incident area in sequence connected, the other end of the sensing area II is sequentially connected with another sensing area I and the end of the optical fiber.
优选地,所述金属膜为金膜或钯金膜。Preferably, the metal film is a gold film or a palladium-gold film.
一种光纤传感器检测平台包括支架,支架由竖直面和水平面构成,所述的竖直面上设有用于固定以上所述的光纤探头的固定部,所述水平面上设有承载容器的凹洞。An optical fiber sensor detection platform includes a bracket, the bracket is composed of a vertical surface and a horizontal surface, the vertical surface is provided with a fixing part for fixing the above-mentioned optical fiber probe, and the horizontal surface is provided with a cavity for carrying the container .
优选地,所述容器位于凹洞内,所述容器底部与注水口和出水口均连通。Preferably, the container is located in the cavity, and the bottom of the container communicates with both the water injection port and the water outlet.
一种光纤传感器检测方法,其步骤:A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method, its step:
A、将以上所述的一种光纤传感器的两端分别固定在以上所述的一种光纤传感器检测平台的支架上;A, the two ends of above-mentioned a kind of optical fiber sensor are respectively fixed on the support of above-mentioned a kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform;
B、光纤探头的入射区经光纤耦合器与宽带光源和光谱分析仪连接;宽带光源发出光源,经过光纤探头的入射区、传感区和光纤末段,经光纤末段的端面形成反射,原路返回,经光纤耦合器最后到达光谱分析仪,光谱分析仪测量光源数据;B. The incident area of the fiber optic probe is connected to the broadband light source and the spectrum analyzer through the fiber coupler; The path returns, and finally reaches the spectrum analyzer through the fiber coupler, and the spectrum analyzer measures the data of the light source;
C、温度检测:将所述的检测平台放置于待检测的环境中,根据光谱分析仪测量结果计算温度;C. Temperature detection: place the detection platform in the environment to be detected, and calculate the temperature according to the measurement results of the spectrum analyzer;
D、液体检测:关闭出水口,通过注水口向容器内通入待检测液体至覆盖所述光纤探头的传感区为止,根据光谱分析仪测量结果计算液体参数。D. Liquid detection: close the water outlet, pass the liquid to be detected into the container through the water injection port until it covers the sensing area of the optical fiber probe, and calculate the liquid parameters according to the measurement results of the spectrum analyzer.
3.有益效果3. Beneficial effect
采用本发明提供的技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明的一种光纤传感器,对普通拉锥光纤串进行加工,可以提高锥形光纤传感器的灵敏度;(1) a kind of optical fiber sensor of the present invention, common tapered optical fiber string is processed, can improve the sensitivity of tapered optical fiber sensor;
(2)本发明的一种光纤传感器检测平台,透明器皿上的注水口和出水口的设置,便于在检测过程中,避免待测液体出现沉降,保证检测结果的准确性;同时也便与对U形探头进行及时的清洗,更加高效的对待测液体进行检测;因此,本平台操作过程简单,可快速实现多次采样,实用性较强,便于清洗;(2) a kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform of the present invention, the setting of the water injection port and the water outlet on the transparent container, is convenient in detection process, avoids that the liquid to be measured settles down, guarantees the accuracy of detection result; The U-shaped probe is cleaned in time to detect the liquid to be tested more efficiently; therefore, the platform has a simple operation process, can quickly realize multiple samplings, has strong practicability, and is easy to clean;
(3)本发明的一种光纤传感器检测方法,检测液体参数的试验温度为25℃,由于锥形光纤串对温度非常敏感,温度的变化会影响检测结果,在试验中选择在恒温条件(一般在室温25℃左右)下进行对液体的检测,能够较好的获取理想的结果,极大地减小了干涉仪对温度的敏感性;(3) A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method of the present invention, the test temperature of detection liquid parameter is 25 ℃, because the tapered optical fiber string is very sensitive to temperature, the change of temperature can affect detection result, selects in the test at constant temperature condition (generally The detection of liquids at room temperature (about 25°C) can better obtain ideal results and greatly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer to temperature;
(4)本发明的一种光纤传感器检测方法,在支架上的两个固定夹片固定光纤探头的两个自由端(即光纤入射区和光纤末段),保证受力均匀,减小应力因素对传感器的液体浓度检测的交叉敏感的影响;(4) A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method of the present invention, two fixed clips on the bracket fix the two free ends of the optical fiber probe (i.e. the optical fiber incident area and the end section of the optical fiber), to ensure that the force is even and reduce the stress factor The effect of cross-sensitivity on the sensor's liquid concentration detection;
(5)本发明的一种光纤传感器检测方法,光纤探头尺寸小、制作工艺简单,对温度、压力、折射率等具有较高的灵敏度;操作过程简单,可快速实现多组采样,实验步骤大大简化;制作成本较低。(5) A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method of the present invention, optical fiber probe size is little, manufacturing process is simple, has higher sensitivity to temperature, pressure, refractive index etc.; Simplified; less expensive to make.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为光纤探头结构示意图之一;Fig. 1 is one of structural schematic diagrams of optical fiber probe;
图2为光纤探头结构示意图之二;Figure 2 is the second schematic diagram of the optical fiber probe structure;
图3为本发明的一种光纤传感器检测平台示意图;Fig. 3 is a kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform schematic diagram of the present invention;
图4是容器示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the container.
示意图中的标号说明:Explanation of the labels in the schematic diagram:
100、光纤探头;11、入射区;101、包层;102、纤芯;12、传感区;13、光纤末段;14;拉锥区;121、传感区I;122、传感区II;141、拉锥区I;142、拉锥区II;1、支架;2、固定部;3、容器;4、面包板;5、宽带光源;6、光谱分析仪;8、凹洞;9、注水口;10、出水口,15、光纤耦合器。100, optical fiber probe; 11, incident area; 101, cladding; 102, fiber core; 12, sensing area; 13, end section of optical fiber; 14; tapered area; 121, sensing area I; 122, sensing area II; 141, tapered area I; 142, tapered area II; 1, bracket; 2, fixed part; 3, container; 4, breadboard; 5, broadband light source; 6, spectrum analyzer; 8, concave hole; 9. Water injection port; 10. Water outlet; 15. Optical fiber coupler.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为进一步了解本发明的内容,结合附图及实施例对本发明作详细描述。In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种光纤传感器,由光纤探头100构成,包括入射区11、传感区12和光纤末段13,还包括拉锥区14,所述的传感区12一端与一个拉锥区14和入射区11依次连接,所述的传感区12的另一端与另一个拉锥区14和光纤末段13一端依次连接。An optical fiber sensor is composed of an optical fiber probe 100, including an incident area 11, a sensing area 12 and an optical fiber end section 13, and also includes a tapered area 14, and one end of the sensing area 12 is connected with a tapered area 14 and an incident area 11 are sequentially connected, and the other end of the sensing region 12 is connected with another tapered region 14 and one end of the fiber end section 13 in sequence.
入射区11和光纤末段13均属于未加工的光纤结构,拉锥区14和传感区12均经过加工处理得到,当液体介质置于传感区12时,倏逝场(拉锥区14周围及其本身所构成)通过吸收和散射与介质相互作用。在锥形光纤中,倏逝波的大部分在包层区域中行进,因此对周围介质的变化更为敏感。倏逝波的穿透深度,均匀感应区域的感应芯径和感应长度是锥形光纤倏逝波传感器的主要影响因素。传感器的灵敏度取决于光线反射的数量和感测区域中的消逝场的穿透深度。为了改善传感器的灵敏度,改变锥形光纤串的结构为U形探头形状,当光线进入弯曲区域,在弯曲区域的外表面处的与纤芯/包层界面法线的角度减小。感测区域中的光线角度值的减小增加了穿透深度和每个单位长度N的倏逝的射线反射次数,增大传感器的灵敏度。Both the incident area 11 and the end section 13 of the optical fiber belong to the unprocessed optical fiber structure, and the tapered area 14 and the sensing area 12 are obtained through processing. When the liquid medium is placed in the sensing area 12, the evanescent field (the tapered area 14 surrounding and itself) interacts with the medium through absorption and scattering. In a tapered fiber, most of the evanescent wave travels in the cladding region and is therefore more sensitive to changes in the surrounding medium. The penetration depth of the evanescent wave, the sensing core diameter and the sensing length of the uniform sensing area are the main influencing factors of the tapered optical fiber evanescent wave sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor depends on the amount of light reflection and the penetration depth of the evanescent field in the sensing area. In order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, the structure of the tapered optical fiber string is changed to a U-shaped probe shape. When the light enters the bending region, the angle between the outer surface of the bending region and the normal line of the core/cladding interface decreases. A reduction in the value of the ray angle in the sensing area increases the penetration depth and the number of evanescent ray reflections per unit length N, increasing the sensitivity of the sensor.
实施例2Example 2
一种光纤传感器,在实施例1基础上作进一步改进,拉锥区14包括拉锥区I141和拉锥区II142,所述的拉锥区I141一端与传感区12一端连接,所述的拉锥区I141另一端与入射区11连接,所述的拉锥区II142一端与传感区12另一端连接,所述的拉锥区II142另一端与光纤末段13连接。An optical fiber sensor, further improved on the basis of Embodiment 1, the tapered area 14 includes a tapered area I141 and a tapered area II142, one end of the tapered area I141 is connected to one end of the sensing area 12, and the tapered area I141 is connected to one end of the sensing area 12. The other end of the tapered region I141 is connected to the incident region 11 , one end of the tapered region II142 is connected to the other end of the sensing region 12 , and the other end of the tapered region II142 is connected to the end section 13 of the optical fiber.
光纤探头100包括包层101和纤芯102,所述包层101内设有纤芯102;光纤末段13的端面上设有一层金属膜,所述的拉锥区14上设有一层金属膜,拉锥区I141和拉锥区II142均设有一层金属膜。The optical fiber probe 100 includes a cladding 101 and a fiber core 102, the cladding 101 is provided with a fiber core 102; the end surface of the optical fiber end section 13 is provided with a layer of metal film, and the said tapered region 14 is provided with a layer of metal film , both the tapered region I141 and the tapered region II142 are provided with a layer of metal film.
所述的金属膜为金膜或者钯金膜,采用镀金膜,当在拉锥光纤镀上金膜,使原先的投射测量方式变成反射测量方式,可更加有效的利用传感区12的电磁场增强效应,使得光纤传感头输出的光被反射后再次通过传感区域,返回原光纤最后被光电探测器所接收,即意味着传感区12的传感长度加倍增加,同时可显著增强传感区12的光强,有利于提高灵敏度。The metal film is a gold film or a palladium-gold film, and a gold-plated film is used. When the tapered optical fiber is coated with a gold film, the original projection measurement method becomes a reflection measurement method, and the electromagnetic field in the sensing area 12 can be more effectively utilized. The enhancement effect makes the light output by the optical fiber sensing head be reflected and then pass through the sensing area again, return to the original optical fiber and finally be received by the photodetector, which means that the sensing length of the sensing area 12 is doubled, and at the same time, the sensing area can be significantly enhanced. The light intensity of the sensitive area 12 is beneficial to improve the sensitivity.
一种光纤传感器的制作方法:A method of making an optical fiber sensor:
A、将普通的标准单模光纤(SMF,纤芯102和包层101直径分别为60um和125um)去除包层101并清洗表面,对想要的光纤锥形部位进行加热,并对光纤进行拉锥直至获取到想要的拉锥区14的结构,拉锥光纤的锥度参数由专门的操作软件进行控制。A. Remove the cladding 101 and clean the surface of the common standard single-mode optical fiber (SMF, core 102 and cladding 101 diameters are 60um and 125um respectively), heat the desired tapered part of the optical fiber, and pull the optical fiber Taper until the desired structure of the tapered region 14 is obtained, and the taper parameters of the tapered fiber are controlled by special operating software.
B、对拉锥光纤进行镀膜。B. Coating the tapered optical fiber.
C、将镀膜之后的拉锥光纤进行结构的弯曲,形成U形结构,做成光纤探头100。C. Structurally bending the tapered optical fiber after coating to form a U-shaped structure, and make the optical fiber probe 100 .
实施例3Example 3
一种光纤传感器,在实施例1或2基础上作进一步改进,传感区12为U形。如图1所示。与现有技术中的将拉锥结构作为传感区12的光纤传感器相比,本申请的U形作为传感区12,方便清洗,且不会损伤拉锥结构(本申请的拉锥区I141和拉锥区II142),可反复使用。An optical fiber sensor is further improved on the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the sensing area 12 is U-shaped. As shown in Figure 1. Compared with the optical fiber sensor using the tapered structure as the sensing area 12 in the prior art, the U-shaped of the present application is used as the sensing area 12, which is convenient for cleaning, and will not damage the tapered structure (the tapered area I141 of the application and tapered area II142), can be used repeatedly.
实施例4Example 4
一种光纤传感器,在实施例1-3任一项基础上作进一步改进,传感区12包括传感区I121和传感区II122,所述传感区II122为U形,所述传感区II122一端与一个传感区I121和拉锥区14和入射区11依次连接,所述传感区II122另一端与另一个传感区I121和光纤末段13依次连接。如图2所示,传感区I121是未经加工的光纤结构。An optical fiber sensor, further improved on the basis of any one of embodiments 1-3, the sensing area 12 includes a sensing area I121 and a sensing area II122, the sensing area II122 is U-shaped, and the sensing area One end of II122 is connected with one sensing region I121, the tapered region 14 and the incident region 11 in sequence, and the other end of the sensing region II122 is connected with another sensing region I121 and the end section of optical fiber 13 in sequence. As shown in FIG. 2, the sensing region I121 is an unprocessed optical fiber structure.
本实施例中检测液体参数和温度的原理:The principle of detecting liquid parameters and temperature in this embodiment:
当介质置于传感区12时,倏逝场(拉锥区14周围及其本身所构成)通过吸收和散射与介质相互作用。在拉锥区14中,倏逝波的大部分在包层11中行进,因此对周围介质的变化更为敏感。倏逝波的穿透深度,均匀感应区域的感应芯径和感应长度是光纤探头100灵敏度的主要影响因素。When the medium is placed in the sensing region 12, the evanescent field (constituted around and by the tapered region 14) interacts with the medium through absorption and scattering. In the tapered region 14, most of the evanescent wave travels in the cladding 11, so it is more sensitive to the change of the surrounding medium. The penetration depth of the evanescent wave, the sensing core diameter and the sensing length of the uniform sensing area are the main factors affecting the sensitivity of the fiber optic probe 100 .
穿透深度为:The penetration depth is:
其中λ是光源的波长,θ是光线射到纤芯102表面与包层101交界面法线的夹角,nco为纤芯102的折射率,ncl为包层101的折射率。定义纤芯102表面到电磁场幅度降为纤芯102表面电磁场幅度的1/e处的距离为光纤探头100倏逝波的穿透深度dp。Where λ is the wavelength of the light source, θ is the angle between the normal line of the interface between the surface of the core 102 and the cladding 101 , n co is the refractive index of the core 102 , and n cl is the refractive index of the cladding 101 . Define the distance from the surface of the fiber core 102 to the place where the electromagnetic field amplitude drops to 1/e of the electromagnetic field amplitude on the surface of the fiber core 102 as the penetration depth d p of the evanescent wave of the fiber optic probe 100 .
从等式1可以看出,当θ的值减小时,穿透深度dp将增加;另每单位长度的射线反射数N定义为:It can be seen from Equation 1 that when the value of θ decreases, the penetration depth d p will increase; the number of ray reflections per unit length N is defined as:
对于给定某一种类的光纤,N取决于θ的值。在全反射条件下,纤芯102中产生驻波场并向包层101中呈指数关系衰减,倏逝场的强度E(x)为:For a given type of fiber, N depends on the value of θ. Under the condition of total reflection, a standing wave field is generated in the core 102 and decays exponentially to the cladding 101, and the intensity E(x) of the evanescent field is:
其中,x是从纤芯102表面开始到穿透深度的边界之间的距离,E0是纤芯102与包层101交界处的场强度大小。Wherein, x is the distance from the surface of the core 102 to the boundary of the penetration depth, and E 0 is the field intensity at the junction of the core 102 and the cladding 101 .
通过拉锥技术将普通光纤拉锥成直径较小的锥形光纤,即本申请中的拉锥区14,锥形光纤串是包括两个拉锥区14,是由一个锥形体间隔几厘米再进行第二个锥体的制作无缝连接而成。其中锥度具有几毫米长的均匀腰部,同时具有损失较小的特性(<0.1dB)。The common optical fiber is tapered into a tapered optical fiber with a smaller diameter by tapering technology, that is, the tapered region 14 in this application. The tapered optical fiber string includes two tapered regions 14, which are separated by a few centimeters from a tapered body. The production of the second cone is seamlessly connected. Wherein the taper has a uniform waist of a few millimeters long, and at the same time has the characteristic of less loss (<0.1dB).
如图1和2所示,当传输光进入拉锥区I141,光纤倏逝场中的小分量光,由于包层模式在包层101区域内被激发和传播,将不再被纤芯102引导,而转由包层101引导。未被拉锥的部分是能够实现纤芯102和包层101之间的干涉的干涉区域。由于传输光的参考路径沿着纤芯102,并且传感路径与特定激发的包层模式相关联,所以减少了具有两个物理光纤分支的需要。当保持在纤芯102中行进的引导模式和非引导模式通过包层101传播的引导模式相遇时,发生干扰,并且两种模式累积差分产生光路延迟。包层模式中的传输光的一部分在拉锥区II142处耦合回到纤芯102中。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, when the transmitted light enters the tapered region I141, the small component light in the evanescent field of the fiber will no longer be guided by the core 102 because the cladding mode is excited and propagated in the cladding 101 region , and the turn is guided by the cladding 101 . The portion that is not tapered is an interference region that enables interference between the core 102 and the cladding 101 . Since the reference path of transmitted light is along the core 102, and the sensing path is associated with a particular excited cladding mode, the need to have two physical fiber branches is reduced. When the guided mode kept traveling in the core 102 and the guided mode propagated through the cladding 101 as an unguided mode meet, interference occurs, and the two modes accumulate a difference to generate an optical path delay. A portion of the transmitted light in the cladding mode is coupled back into the core 102 at the tapered region II 142 .
光纤传感器的灵敏度取决于光线反射的次数和传感区12消逝场的穿透深度。为了进一步改善传感器的灵敏度,本实施例改变两个相邻拉锥区14的未加工段为U形,如图1和2所示,光纤传感器的传感区12具有固定曲率半圆形的形状。在U形探针的情况下,当光线进入光纤传感器的传感区12的弯曲区域,在弯曲区域的外表面处与纤芯102/包层102交界面法线的角度减小。子午线为:The sensitivity of the fiber optic sensor depends on the number of light reflections and the penetration depth of the evanescent field in the sensing region 12 . In order to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, the present embodiment changes the unprocessed section of two adjacent tapered regions 14 to be U-shaped, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sensing region 12 of the optical fiber sensor has a semicircular shape with a fixed curvature . In the case of a U-shaped probe, when light enters the bending region of the sensing region 12 of the fiber optic sensor, the angle at the outer surface of the bending region with the normal to the core 102/cladding 102 interface decreases. The meridians are:
其中θ表示传输光射到弯曲纤芯102的外表面处的角度,h是射线从纤芯102/包层101交界面入射到U形结构的入口处的距离,R是U形结构的弯曲半径。根据公式(1)、(2),传感区12中的光线角度值的减小增加了穿透深度和每个单位长度N的倏逝的光线反射次数。Where θ represents the angle at which the transmitted light hits the outer surface of the curved core 102, h is the distance from the core 102/cladding 101 interface to the entrance of the U-shaped structure, and R is the bending radius of the U-shaped structure . According to formulas (1), (2), the reduction of the angle value of the light in the sensing area 12 increases the penetration depth and the number of light reflections per unit length N of evanescence.
对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,直接在未加工的光纤上制作U形结构,所形成的光纤传感器,其灵敏度低,性能较差,性价比低,本领域的普通技术人员一般不会想到采用这种结构的光纤传感器,且本领域内鲜有光纤传感器采用这种结构的产品,因此将未经加工的光纤传感器直接加工成U形结构的思路,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲是存在技术偏见。For those of ordinary skill in the art, the U-shaped structure is directly made on the unprocessed optical fiber, and the formed optical fiber sensor has low sensitivity, poor performance, and low cost performance. Optical fiber sensors with this structure, and there are few optical fiber sensors with this structure in the field, so the idea of directly processing the unprocessed optical fiber sensor into a U-shaped structure is an existing technology for those of ordinary skill in the art. bias.
在直线结构的探针中射线传播的角度是恒定的,射线反射的数量与纤芯102半径成反比,并且仅取决于半径。然而,在U形结构中,射线传播的角度不是恒定的,而是在不断减少。因此传播角度的降低将促使穿透深度的增加。光纤弯曲会导致光线损耗和倏逝场穿透深度增加,在U形结构中,吸收系数较大,光纤灵敏度就越高。The angle of ray propagation in a straight-line configuration probe is constant and the amount of ray reflection is inversely proportional to the core 102 radius and depends only on the radius. However, in a U-shaped structure, the angle at which the ray propagates is not constant but decreasing. A decrease in the angle of propagation will therefore result in an increase in the penetration depth. Fiber bending will cause light loss and evanescent field penetration depth to increase. In U-shaped structure, the absorption coefficient is larger and the fiber sensitivity is higher.
本平台操作过程简单,可快速实现多次采样,实用性较强,便于清洗,可以较好的实现对小体积液体的相关检测。The operation process of this platform is simple, it can quickly realize multiple sampling, it has strong practicability, it is easy to clean, and it can better realize the relevant detection of small volume liquid.
实施例5Example 5
一种光纤传感器检测平台,包括支架1,支架1由竖直面和水平面构成,所述的竖直面上设有用于固定实施例1-3任一项所述的光纤探头100的固定部2,所述水平面上设有承载容器3的凹洞8。An optical fiber sensor detection platform, including a bracket 1, the bracket 1 is composed of a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, and the vertical plane is provided with a fixing part 2 for fixing the fiber optic probe 100 described in any one of Embodiments 1-3 , the horizontal plane is provided with a cavity 8 for carrying the container 3 .
作为本实施例的进一步改进,所述容器3位于凹洞8内,所述容器3底部与注水口9和出水口10均连通。As a further improvement of this embodiment, the container 3 is located in the cavity 8 , and the bottom of the container 3 communicates with both the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10 .
固定部2为固定夹片,固定夹片将光纤探头100固定在支架1的竖直面上,容器3为透明器皿,放置在凹洞8内,透明器皿内侧刻有水准线,且在底端均设有注水口9和出水口10;通过观测透明器皿可以直观的获知溶液的多少,判断出待测液体是否保存与传感区12充分接触。The fixing part 2 is a fixing clip, and the fixing clip fixes the fiber optic probe 100 on the vertical surface of the bracket 1. The container 3 is a transparent vessel, which is placed in the concave hole 8. The inside of the transparent vessel is engraved with a horizontal line, and at the bottom Both are equipped with a water injection port 9 and a water outlet port 10; by observing the transparent vessel, the amount of the solution can be intuitively known, and it can be judged whether the liquid to be tested is fully in contact with the sensing area 12.
实施例6Example 6
一种光纤传感器检测方法,其步骤为:A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method, its steps are:
A、将实施例1-4任一项所述的一种光纤传感器的两端分别固定在实施例5所述的一种光纤传感器检测平台的支架1上;A, the two ends of a kind of optical fiber sensor described in any one of embodiment 1-4 are respectively fixed on the support 1 of a kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform described in embodiment 5;
B、光纤探头100的入射区11经光纤耦合器15与宽带光源5和光谱分析仪6连接;宽带光源5发出光源,经过经光纤耦合器15、光纤探头100的入射区11、传感区12和光纤末段13,经光纤末段13的端面反射,原路返回,依次经过光纤末段13、传感区12和光纤探头100的入射区11,再经过光纤耦合器15到达光谱分析仪6,光谱分析仪6测量光源数据;B, the incidence area 11 of fiber optic probe 100 is connected with broadband light source 5 and spectrum analyzer 6 through fiber coupler 15; and the end section 13 of the optical fiber, reflected by the end face of the end section 13 of the optical fiber, return to the original path, pass through the end section 13 of the optical fiber, the sensing area 12 and the incident area 11 of the optical fiber probe 100 in turn, and then reach the spectrum analyzer 6 through the optical fiber coupler 15 , the spectrum analyzer 6 measures light source data;
C、温度检测:将所述的检测平台放置于待检测的环境中,根据光谱分析仪6测量结果计算温度;C, temperature detection: the detection platform is placed in the environment to be detected, and the temperature is calculated according to the measurement results of the spectrum analyzer 6;
D、液体检测:关闭出水口10,通过注水口9向容器3内通入待检测液体至覆盖所述光纤探头100的传感区12为止,根据光谱分析仪6测量结果计算液体参数。D. Liquid detection: close the water outlet 10, pass the liquid to be detected into the container 3 through the water injection port 9 until it covers the sensing area 12 of the optical fiber probe 100, and calculate the liquid parameters according to the measurement results of the spectrum analyzer 6.
实施例7Example 7
一种光纤传感器检测平台,在实施例5的基础上作改进,包括面包板4、支架1,面包板4为固体铝制面包板,一般用于实验设计的板子有两种:万用板和面包板,其中万用板需要焊接,且固定后无法移动器件;而使用面包板,就可以随意的插入或拔出器件,非常适合组装、调试和训练。A kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform, improves on the basis of embodiment 5, comprises breadboard 4, support 1, and breadboard 4 is solid aluminum breadboard, generally used in the board of experimental design and has two kinds: universal board and Breadboard, in which the universal board needs to be soldered, and the device cannot be moved after being fixed; while using the breadboard, the device can be inserted or pulled out at will, which is very suitable for assembly, debugging and training.
面包板4上设有支架1,支架1上有固定夹片2用于固定光纤探头100的两个自由端(入射区11和光纤末段13),保证受力均匀,减小应力因素所产生的交叉敏感的影响。光纤探头100的入射端经光纤耦合器15连接宽带光源5和光谱分析仪6,如图3所示。The breadboard 4 is provided with a bracket 1, and the bracket 1 has a fixed clip 2 for fixing the two free ends of the optical fiber probe 100 (incidence area 11 and the end section of the optical fiber 13), ensuring uniform force and reducing stress caused by factors cross-sensitivity effects. The incident end of the fiber optic probe 100 is connected to the broadband light source 5 and the spectrum analyzer 6 through the fiber coupler 15 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
支架1上除设有可固定光纤探头100的固定夹片2外,还设有可放置容器3的水平面,在水平面上打通一直径为5cm的凹洞8,凹洞8的尺寸与容器3(本实施例中使用透明器皿)的尺寸相匹配,即透明器皿能够固定嵌入凹洞8内即可,具体设计时选择其他尺寸数值也可以。盛放待测液体的透明器皿嵌在其中,固定不动,待测液体放置于透明器皿中。为了控制待测液体的量,透明器皿内侧刻有水准线,注水口9和出水口10的设置,便于避免检测过程中待测液体发生沉降,同时便于液体的注入和排放,可重复多次使用,实用性较强。In addition to being provided with the fixed clip 2 that can fix the fiber optic probe 100, the bracket 1 is also provided with a horizontal plane on which the container 3 can be placed, and a hole 8 with a diameter of 5 cm is opened on the horizontal plane. The size of the concave hole 8 is the same as that of the container 3 ( In the present embodiment, the size of the transparent container) is matched, that is, the transparent container can be fixedly embedded in the concave hole 8, and it is also possible to select other size values during specific design. The transparent vessel containing the liquid to be tested is embedded in it and fixed, and the liquid to be tested is placed in the transparent vessel. In order to control the amount of the liquid to be tested, a level line is engraved on the inside of the transparent container, and the setting of the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10 is convenient to avoid the liquid to be tested from settling during the detection process, and at the same time facilitates the injection and discharge of the liquid, and can be used repeatedly , strong practicability.
本发明透明器皿上的注水口9和出水口10的设置,便于在检测过程中,对光纤探头100的传感区12进行及时清洗,更加高效的对待测液体进行检测;因此,本平台操作过程简单,可快速实现多次采样,实用性较强,便于清洗。The setting of the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10 on the transparent vessel of the present invention facilitates timely cleaning of the sensing area 12 of the optical fiber probe 100 during the detection process, and more efficient detection of the liquid to be measured; therefore, the operating process of the platform It is simple, can quickly realize multiple sampling, has strong practicability, and is easy to clean.
实施例8Example 8
如图1-4,在实施例7的基础上进一步改进,本实施例的一种光纤传感器检测方法,其步骤为:As shown in Fig. 1-4, further improvement on the basis of embodiment 7, a kind of optical fiber sensor detection method of the present embodiment, its steps are:
A、选择一块面包板4,将支架1固定在面包板4上;A. Choose a breadboard 4, and fix the bracket 1 on the breadboard 4;
B、在支架1上打通一个凹洞8,将透明器皿嵌进凹洞8中,固定不动,注水口9和出水口10关闭;B. Open a concave hole 8 on the bracket 1, insert the transparent container into the concave hole 8, and fix it, and close the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10;
C、用固定夹片将光纤探头100的两个自由端分别固定在支架1上;在测量前移动固定光纤探头100深入到透明器皿内一定深度,在测量开始后,将固定不动,同时要保证透明器皿中的待测溶液量相同;C. Fix the two free ends of the fiber optic probe 100 on the bracket 1 respectively with the fixing clips; move and fix the fiber optic probe 100 to a certain depth in the transparent vessel before the measurement. After the measurement starts, it will be fixed and at the same time Ensure that the volume of the solution to be tested in the transparent vessel is the same;
D、打开透明器皿的注水口9,注入待测液体至内侧水准线;打开出水口10,调整两水口的流速,保证透明器皿中液体量不变且检测过程中液体处于流动状态,以避免发生沉降;进行检测,检测完待测液体的参数后;关闭注水口9,保持出水口10打开,排放出待测液体液体;打开注水口9,注入清水进行清洗,清洗完成,排出清水,关闭注水口9和出水口10;D. Open the water injection port 9 of the transparent container, inject the liquid to be tested to the inner level line; open the water outlet 10, adjust the flow rate of the two water ports, ensure that the amount of liquid in the transparent container remains constant and the liquid is in a flowing state during the detection process, so as to avoid Settlement; detection, after detecting the parameters of the liquid to be tested; close the water injection port 9, keep the water outlet 10 open, and discharge the liquid to be tested; open the water injection port 9, inject clean water for cleaning, after cleaning is completed, discharge clean water, close the injection Water port 9 and water outlet 10;
E、步骤D中,每针对一种液体的数据检测完成后,光纤探头100的信号会通过光纤连接器传送到光谱分析仪6上;E. In step D, after the data detection of each liquid is completed, the signal of the optical fiber probe 100 will be transmitted to the spectrum analyzer 6 through the optical fiber connector;
F、重复步骤D、E进行多种液体的检测;F, repeat steps D, E to carry out the detection of multiple liquids;
作为进一步的改进,检测液体参数的试验温度为25℃。As a further improvement, the test temperature for detecting liquid parameters is 25°C.
实施例9Example 9
本实施例的一种光纤传感器检测方法,在实施例6的基础上改进,温度检测范围为:5℃~45℃。其检测原理为:The optical fiber sensor detection method of this embodiment is improved on the basis of Embodiment 6, and the temperature detection range is: 5°C-45°C. Its detection principle is:
光谱分析仪9可测量到光纤输出光强I,表示为:Spectrum analyzer 9 can measure the optical fiber output light intensity I, expressed as:
式中,Ico,Icl,分别表示纤芯102、包层101的光强以及两者之间的相位差,相位差可表示为:In the formula, I co , I cl , respectively represent the light intensity of the core 102, the cladding 101 and the phase difference between them, the phase difference can be expressed as:
式中,nco,ncl表示纤芯102和包层101的有效折射率,两者之间的差为Δneff,当时干涉广强度最小,对应波长λn.min=2ΔneffL/(2n+1),n取整数,由于L,Δneff受光纤热膨胀效应和热光效应的影响,λn.min随温度的变化而产生变化,因此根据透射谱中特定的λn.min的漂移量可实现环境温度的传感测量。In the formula, n co , n cl represent the effective refractive index of the core 102 and the cladding 101, and the difference between them is Δn eff , when When the interference intensity is the smallest, the corresponding wavelength λ n.min = 2Δn eff L/(2n+1), n takes an integer, because L, Δn eff is affected by the thermal expansion effect of the fiber and the thermo-optic effect, λ n.min changes with the temperature Therefore, the sensing measurement of the ambient temperature can be realized according to the specific λ n.min drift in the transmission spectrum.
实施例10Example 10
本实施例的一种光纤传感器检测方法,其步骤为:A kind of optical fiber sensor detection method of the present embodiment, its steps are:
A、搭建以上所述的一种光纤传感器检测平台,检测液体参数的试验温度为25℃,这样做的原因是由于锥形光纤对温度非常敏感,温度的变化会影响检测结果,在试验中选择在恒温条件,一般在室温25℃下进行对液体的检测,能够较好的获取理想的结果,极大地减小了锥形光纤串的光纤探头100对温度的敏感性;A. Build an optical fiber sensor detection platform as described above. The test temperature for detecting liquid parameters is 25°C. The reason for this is that the tapered optical fiber is very sensitive to temperature, and changes in temperature will affect the detection results. In the test, choose Under constant temperature conditions, generally at room temperature of 25°C, the detection of liquids can better obtain ideal results and greatly reduce the sensitivity of the optical fiber probe 100 of the tapered optical fiber string to temperature;
B、在支架1上打通一个凹洞8,将透明器皿嵌进去,固定不动,透明器皿的注水口9和出水口10关闭;B. Open a concave hole 8 on the bracket 1, embed the transparent vessel, and fix it, and close the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10 of the transparent vessel;
C、打开透明器皿的注水口9,注入待测液体至内侧水准线,再打开出水口10,严格控制两水口的流速,保证透明器皿中的液体量始终维持在内侧水准线,同时液体处于稳定动态;C. Open the water injection port 9 of the transparent container, inject the liquid to be tested to the inner level line, then open the water outlet 10, strictly control the flow rate of the two water ports, and ensure that the amount of liquid in the transparent container is always maintained at the inner level line, and the liquid is stable at the same time dynamic;
D、让传感器(传感区12)充分接触液体,因为只要接触液体都会有液压,同一标准保证相同的液压,进行检测;检测过程检测完待测液体的参数后,关闭透明器皿的注水口9,排放出液体,再进行清洗工作;D. Allow the sensor (sensing area 12) to fully contact the liquid, because as long as it touches the liquid, there will be hydraulic pressure, and the same standard ensures the same hydraulic pressure for detection; after the detection process has detected the parameters of the liquid to be measured, close the water injection port of the transparent vessel 9 , discharge the liquid, and then carry out cleaning work;
E、步骤D中,每针对一种液体的数据检测完成后,光纤探头100上的信号会通过光纤连接器传送到光谱仪上。光纤连接器将传感器的一自由端(入射区11)和光谱分析仪6连接,光谱分析仪6检测传感器对不同液体浓度的光谱图,光谱变化与折射率有对应的关系,光谱分析仪6将数据传输至计算机,通过计算机进行数据处理,获得液体的浓度;E. In step D, after the data detection for each liquid is completed, the signal on the fiber optic probe 100 will be transmitted to the spectrometer through the fiber optic connector. The optical fiber connector connects a free end (incidence region 11) of the sensor with the spectrum analyzer 6, and the spectrum analyzer 6 detects the sensor's spectrograms to different liquid concentrations, and the spectral change has a corresponding relationship with the refractive index, and the spectrum analyzer 6 will The data is transmitted to the computer, and the data is processed by the computer to obtain the concentration of the liquid;
F、重复步骤D、E进行多种液体的检测。F. Repeat steps D and E to detect multiple liquids.
实施例11Example 11
本实施例的一种光纤传感器检测平台包括支架1、固定夹片、透明器皿和面包板4,面包板4上设有支架1;支架1上设有两个固定夹片,固定夹片上设有固定夹片凹槽;支架1上除设有固定夹片外,还设有放置透明器皿的实验装置,装置上打通一个凹洞,凹洞8的直径为5cm,凹洞8的尺寸与透明器皿的尺寸相匹配,即透明器皿能够固定嵌入凹洞8内即可,选择其他数值也可以;透明器皿放置在凹洞8内,透明器皿3内测刻有水准线,且底部设有注水口9和出水口10。A kind of optical fiber sensor detection platform of the present embodiment comprises support 1, fixing clip, transparent vessel and bread board 4, and support 1 is arranged on bread board 4; Fixing clip groove; except being provided with fixing clip on support 1, also be provided with the experimental device of placing transparent container, get through a recess on the device, the diameter of recess 8 is 5cm, and the size of recess 8 is the same as that of transparent container The size of the transparent vessel matches the size, that is, the transparent vessel can be fixedly embedded in the concave hole 8, and other values can also be selected; the transparent vessel is placed in the concave hole 8, and the transparent vessel 3 is engraved with a horizontal line, and the bottom is provided with a water injection port 9 and water outlet 10.
针对现有技术的液体检测平台一次检测一种液体操作较复杂的问题,本发明提供了一种光纤传感器及其检测平台和方法。通过改变锥形光线串的结构为U形探头,使锥形光纤结构变为紧凑型,以提高灵敏度,易于测试,从而实现小体积液体的浓度变化。Aiming at the problem that the liquid detection platform in the prior art detects one kind of liquid at a time, the operation is relatively complicated, and the present invention provides an optical fiber sensor, a detection platform and a method thereof. By changing the structure of the tapered light string into a U-shaped probe, the tapered optical fiber structure becomes compact, so as to improve sensitivity and facilitate testing, thereby realizing the concentration change of small volume liquid.
以上示意性的对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,该描述没有限制性,附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际的结构并不局限于此。所以,如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。The above schematically describes the present invention and its implementation, which is not restrictive, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementations of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by it, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, without creatively designing a structural mode and embodiment similar to the technical solution, it shall all belong to the protection scope of the present invention .
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