CN107907424A - A kind of more of large scale Rock And Soil monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time - Google Patents
A kind of more of large scale Rock And Soil monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN107907424A CN107907424A CN201711364788.4A CN201711364788A CN107907424A CN 107907424 A CN107907424 A CN 107907424A CN 201711364788 A CN201711364788 A CN 201711364788A CN 107907424 A CN107907424 A CN 107907424A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of more of large scale Rock And Soil monitoring servo pressurization bottom friction testing system, including belt drive, model vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system, frictional force measuring system, Image Acquisition and resolving system in real time.The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model includes hydraulic column and increased pressure board, has pressure sensor in increased pressure board, is connected with background controller, controller is connected with being connected the servomotor of hydraulic oil container；Belt drive includes alternating current generator, frequency converter and speed monitor；Frictional force measuring system is made of strain gauge and external data receiver；Image Acquisition and resolving system are made of high speed camera, slide, headlamp, scale and backstage computer.The present invention can realize the large scale quantitative simulation experiment of Rock And Soil deformation failure under the effect of gravity and its evolutionary process, and can change the normal stress suffered by model to be measured and simulate different stress fields and model stress field and displacement field are monitored in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, for simulating the substrate friction of Rock And Soil deformation failure under the effect of gravity
The experimental rig of experiment.
Background technology
Bottom frictional theory thinks that the model can be simulated by applying resistance along a direction in two dimensional model plane
Suffered gravity.Started from based on bottom frictional theory to simulate Rock And Soil failure mechanism under the effect of gravity and evolutionary process
In the 1970s, Britain's Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1970 has manufactured First bottom friction testing instrument and for simulating side slope, tunnel
The destructive process of Rock And Soil and the affecting laws between each geologic elements are studied in road and underground passage engineering.Rock And Soil exists
Phenomenon can cause the generation of destruction or the geological disaster of human engineering, such as Tunnel Landslide, slope instability under the long term of gravity
Destroy etc..Rock And Soil bottom friction testing is simulate Rock And Soil deformation ＆ damage system and its evolutionary process under the effect of gravity important
Means.Therefore, it is great to the research significance of Rock And Soil unstable phenomenon under gravity.
Since bottom friction testing has the characteristics that convenient, time saving, laborsaving and economical, it is widely used in geology work at present
The fields such as journey, geotechnical engineering, civil engineering.Geological disaster take place frequently and be increasingly subject to people attention today, bottom friction testing
Machine has obtained more being widely applied.
Theoretical in the floor friction model proposed in 1981 according to Bray and Goodman, bottom friction testing machine is in operational process
The frictional force of middle offer is：
F=(P+ γmt)μ
Wherein P is the pressure acted on model normal direction unit area.
Using the deformation behaviour and evolutionary process of bottom friction testing machine simulation Rock And Soil under the effect of gravity, it is simulated true
Reality is largely dependent upon the performance of bottom friction testing instrument, in addition at present in engineering geology field for the pre- of geological disaster
Police commissioner surveys progressively develops to more monitoring directions, and the bottom friction testing cycle is longer, to the real time monitoring function of bottom friction testing machine
Propose the requirement of higher.
According to the requirement of the theoretical and current discipline development of floor friction model, existing bottom friction testing machine is all to some extent
Come with some shortcomings, such as the bottom friction testing machine of Chengdu University of Technology and Sichuan University's joint research and development, which lacks pair
Model carries out the experimental rig of normal direction loading, therefore the operation logic of the testing machine is actually still based on traditional floor friction model theory
(i.e. P=0), when needing to carry out normal direction pressurization to model, need to use other load mode, not only time-consuming and laborious, and can not
Accomplish quantitatively accurately to load；In addition the frictional force that the testing machine is only capable of receiving model is monitored in real time, far from meeting thing
Manage the requirement of more monitorings of model.
It is theoretical according to floor friction model, dummy block should be avoided to occur along side perpendicular to the ground in the rubbing machine course of work of bottom
To movement, and most of bottom friction testing machines are opened upper end design at present, and deformation nothing in this direction occurs to model
Method plays effect of contraction, greatly reduces the authenticity of simulation process.
To sum up told, it is great to the research significance of rock-soil mass deformation and destruction feature and evolutionary process under gravity.At present,
Bottom friction testing is the most efficient, the convenient and economic means for studying problems, but existing bottom friction testing machine exists
Certain deficiency, urgent need develop it is a kind of adapt to current discipline development and based on the new bottom friction testing machine on basic theory,
And correlation test system is urgently further developed.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the deficiency of above-mentioned existing bottom friction testing machine technology at present, carries
It is used to simulating large scale Rock And Soil new more of process of deformation and failure monitoring servo pressurizations in real time under the effect of gravity for a kind of
Bottom friction testing system, it is intended to solve problems with：
1. normal pressure can not be provided for model by solving current bottom friction testing machine, can not be by bottom friction testing by quantitatively dividing
Analysis the shortcomings that being converted into qualitative analysis, can simulate it is a variety of under the conditions of stress field, realize to stress field residing for model
Quantitative control and adjustment, so that the process of deformation and failure of truer simulation Rock And Soil under the effect of gravity.
2. can realize to constraint of the model in direction perpendicular to the ground, the dummy block during bottom friction testing is avoided to produce
Give birth to the movement in direction perpendicular to the ground and cause the distortion of simulation process to fail.
3. the real-time monitoring of stress field and displacement field can be realized to model in process of deformation and failure is simulated, and can expire
Foot carries out the whole destructive process of model the image acquisition request of high quality, and laboratory environment illumination condition can be overcome insufficient
Adverse circumstances, and the tracking and monitoring to model key point displacement can be realized, so as to fulfill the more realities to simulation process
When monitor, the experimental data obtained and information are more abundant.
4. the analog study to large scale model can be realized, bottom friction testing systematic difference scope is expanded.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：
A kind of more of large scale Rock And Soil monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time, it is characterised in that：Including becoming
The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of frequency variable speed belt drive, model, model frictional force measuring system, high speed phase
Machine Image Acquisition and resolving system：
The frequency conversion variable speed belt drive is located at the lower part of model 11 to be measured, and the frequency conversion variable speed passes
Send with the line speed controller 10 having in drive system for detecting and controlling 3 speed of conveyer belt, the transmission belt speed
Degree monitor 10 provides Stable sliding frictional force by connecting frequency conversion variable speed belt drive to model 11 to be measured, and
Receive the real time speed information of conveyer belt by frequency conversion variable speed belt drive；
The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model is located at the top of model 11 to be measured, the vertical even distributed force of model
Loading servo-drive system has the pressure sensor 121 for being used for detecting well-distributed pressure suffered by 11 top of model to be measured, and the model erects
Servo-drive system is loaded to even distributed force and pressure sensor 121 passes through connection servo pressure controller 9, the pressure sensor
11 pressure of model to be measured is fed back to servo pressure controller 9 by 121, and the servo pressure controller 9 controls model to be measured
The 11 vertical well-distributed pressures being subject to, it is vertical equal that the servo pressure controller 9 controls servo oil pump 12 to provide model 11 to be measured
Cloth pressure；
The model frictional force measuring system has multiple friction force sensors 403 for being layed in 2 bottom of model frame, described
Force snesor 403 is wiped by connection frictional force monitor 8, the friction force sensor 403 to measure model to be measured to exist
Suffered frictional force in simulation process, and by the friction value Real-time Feedback monitored to frictional force monitor 8；
The high speed camera image collection and resolving system are arranged at the top of model 11 to be measured, the high speed camera image
Collection and resolving system have the high speed camera 304 being used for carrying out real time image collection during model 11 to be measured experiment.
Further, the frequency conversion variable speed belt drive further include test bed framework 4, alternating current generator 14,
Drive roll 201, driven roller 205, frequency converter 15, conveyer belt 3, line speed controller 10, roller fixing device 202 and
Roller fixing bolt 203, the drive roll 201 and driven roller 205 pass through roller fixing device 202 and roller fixing bolt
203 are fixed on 4 both sides of test bed framework, and the alternating current generator 14 is connected with frequency converter 15, the frequency converter 15 and transmission belt speed
Spend monitor 10 to be connected, the drive roll 201 is connected by belt with alternating current generator 14.
Further, the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of the model further includes compression system support frame 1, hydraulic oil
Case 13, servo oil pump 12, four in matrix distribution oil cylinder 119,120,124,122, supporting hydraulic-pressure sleeve 111,117,
125th, 123, hydraulic column 112,118,127,126, pressure plare 113 and connecting plate 115, the pressure plare 113 pass through connecting plate 115
It is connected with hydraulic column 112,118,127,126, the oil cylinder 119,120,124,122 is in matrix distribution in compression system support frame
1 four jiaos of frame, lower part connect hydraulic-pressure sleeve 111,117,125,123 and hydraulic column 112,118,127,126, the servo pressure respectively
For force controller 9 by connection servo oil pump 12, the servo oil pump 12 controls hydraulic column 112,118,127,126 flexible,
Lower pressure plate 113 is driven to extrude model 11 to be measured.
Further, 113 lower part of pressure plare is provided with transparent stage in the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of the model
PEEK bed courses 116, the transparent stage PEEK bed courses 116 are reducing the frictional force between model 11 and pressure plare 113 to be measured.
Further, the high speed camera image collection and resolving system further include scale 402, slide 7, camera Quick-mounting board
301st, camera fixing bolt 302, Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 305, lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 303, headlamp slide 306, limit
Position hole 307, headlamp Quick-mounting board 308, soft light cover 309, headlamp 310, headlamp fixing bolt 311, the high speed camera 304
It is installed on by camera Quick-mounting board 301 in slide 7；The headlamp 310 is consolidated by headlamp Quick-mounting board 308, lateral Quick-mounting board
Determine bolt 303 and headlamp fixing bolt 311 is fixed on 306 in headlamp slide；The camera Quick-mounting board 301 passes through limit hole
307 and Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 305 be fixed on slide 7, the high speed camera 304 is connected with backstage computer, the high speed phase
Machine 304 is used for the photo of model 11 to be measured or video recording during shooting is tested and is transferred to backstage computer.
Further, model supporting table 6 is provided with, the model supporting table 6 is located at the biography of direct support model 11 to be measured
The lower section of band 3 is sent, 6 top of model supporting table is provided with the structure sheaf for reducing friction coefficient between conveyer belt 3 and supporting table 6
204, the structure sheaf 204 is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bed course, and the supporting table 6 is fixed together with test bed framework 4.
Further, the scale 402 is arranged on model frame 2, and the scale 402 is used as 304 image of high speed camera
Referential.
Further, the frequency converter 15, alternating current generator 14, hydraulic oil container 13 and servo oil pump 12 are fixed on testing stand frame
Inside frame 4, described test outside table frame 4 is provided with hood 5.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
First, it is of the invention compared with existing bottom friction testing machine, it is possible to achieve the vertical uniformly distributed pressurization to model.It is arranged at pressure
The pressure signal received is fed back to servo pressure controller by the pressure sensor on power plate, and controller, which feeds back to signal, to be watched
Take oil pump, the difference of pressure according to required for model, and to model pressurization it is each during control to centripetal force and tune
Whole required precision, the pulsed quantity to be exported to motor in servo oil pump is adjusted, so as to form pressure closed loop control.Using this
The vertical pressurization that the control of closed loop pressurized pilot can stablize model, realizes the quantitative control that bottom friction testing vertically pressurizes,
Bottom friction testing is risen into quantitative test by original qualitative analysis, available for simulation Rock And Soil under a variety of stress field states
Deformation failure models and evolutionary process, expand the simulation context of bottom friction testing.
2nd, it is of the invention compared with existing bottom friction testing machine, it is possible to achieve to the vertical effect of contraction of model.Pressure plare exists
During experiment in addition to as pressue device, the deformation and displacement of model in the vertical direction can also be limited so that Rock And Soil
Its Mechanism of Deformation And Failure and evolutionary process can more truly be reacted.
3rd, it is of the invention compared with existing bottom friction testing machine, it is possible to achieve to the stability contorting of line speed.By
Alternating current generator drive belt increases a frequency converter in rotating, and realizes the variable speed of alternating current generator and conveyer belt, so that
The operation of bottom friction testing system is more stablized, and avoids velocity jump phenomenon harmful effect caused by model of conveyer belt.
4th, it is of the invention compared with existing bottom friction testing machine, it is possible to achieve crucial to model friction size, model
Point displacement and the real-time monitoring of model structural strain's.By being arranged at some friction force sensors of model frame bottom and connecting therewith
The frictional force monitor connect can realize the real-time monitoring to model friction；By the packaged type for being arranged at model top
High speed camera and backstage computer can be realized to the high-speed image sampling of model overall deformation destructive process and to model key point
Track up, and the displacement of key point can be monitored in real time by backstage computer.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described, in attached drawing：
Fig. 1 is that more of the large scale Rock And Soil of the present invention monitors the structural representation of servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that frequency conversion is stepless in the real-time monitoring servo pressurization bottom friction testing system of more of large scale Rock And Soil of the invention
Variable-speed conveyor belt driving system structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that model is vertical in the real-time monitoring servo pressurization bottom friction testing system of more of large scale Rock And Soil of the invention
Even distributed force loads servo system structure schematic diagram；
More of the large scale Rock And Soil that Fig. 4 is the present invention monitors model friction in servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time
Power measurement system structure diagram；
More of the large scale Rock And Soil that Fig. 5 is the present invention monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system high speed camera in real time
The structure diagram and profile of Image Acquisition and resolving system；
Fig. 6 is that more of the large scale Rock And Soil of the present invention monitors the cross-section structure of servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that model is vertical in the real-time monitoring servo pressurization bottom friction testing system of more of large scale Rock And Soil of the invention
Even distributed force loads servo-drive system circuit control schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to which the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention are more clearly understood, now compare attached drawing and describe in detail
The embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment：As shown in Figure 1, more of the large scale Rock And Soil of the present embodiment monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing in real time
System, including the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of frequency conversion variable speed belt drive, model, model frictional force measuring
System, high speed camera image collection and resolving system.
As seen in figs, above-mentioned frequency conversion variable speed belt drive is arranged at the lower part of model, the frequency conversion
There is the line speed monitor 10 for being used for detecting and controlling 3 speed of conveyer belt in variable speed belt drive, pass
Tape speed monitor 10 is sent to connect by circuit with frequency converter 15, alternating current generator 14, line speed monitor 10 can pass through change
Frequency device 15 realizes the velocity magnitude control to conveyer belt 3 with alternating current generator 14, and can show the speed of conveyer belt 3, conveyer belt
Speed monitor 10 is arranged on hood 5, facilitates user to be operated and observed.
As seen in figs, the drive roll 201 of conveyer belt 3 is connected by belt with alternating current generator 14, drives conveyer belt
Even running, drive roll 201 are fixed on examination with driven roller 205 by roller fixing device 202 and roller fixing bolt 203
Test on table frame 4,3 lower part of conveyer belt is provided with model supporting table 6, prevents that conveyer belt is excessive and produce because top receives load
Vertical deformation, realizes that the simulation of large scale model provides necessary bearing capacity, 6 top of model supporting table for bottom friction testing system
Teflon plate 204 is provided with, to reduce the friction coefficient between conveyer belt 3 and model supporting table 6, driving force is reduced, reduces
Energy consumption.
As shown in Figure 3 and 7, the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of above-mentioned model is arranged at the top of model 11, above-mentioned mould
The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of type has the pressure sensor for being used for detecting well-distributed pressure suffered by 11 top of model to be measured
121, pressure sensor 121 is by connection servo pressure controller 9, and above-mentioned pressure sensor 121 is by model pressure
Servo pressure controller 9 is fed back to, above-mentioned servo pressure controller 9 is according to application pressure size input by user and pressure sensing
Device institute feedack is judged that its judging result is by controller by line transmission to servo oil pump 12, servo oil pump 12
Control to the oil mass in the oil cylinder of hydraulic oil container 13 and four matrix distributions is realized by internal control valve, and then realizes control
The displacement of four hydraulic columns is made, the vertical well-distributed pressure that model 11 is applied to pressure plare 113 carries out quantitative control, the institute of model 11
The compression being subject to is measured by pressure sensor 121 and continues to feed back to servo pressure controller 9, realizes closed-loop control, reaches
To accurate loading.If desired depressurize, then inputted and ordered in servo pressure controller 9 by user, by line transmission to servo
Oil pump 12, servo oil pump 12 are realized to the hydraulic pressure in the oil cylinder of hydraulic oil container 13 and four matrix distributions by internal reversal valve
The direction controlling of oil, realizes decompression process.
As shown in Fig. 3,6 and 7, the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of above-mentioned model further include compression system support frame 1,
Connecting plate 115 and transparent stage PEEK bed courses 116, pressure plare 113 are logical by connecting plate 115 and hydraulic column 112,118,127,126
Cross fixing bolt to be connected, transparent stage PEEK bed courses 116 are arranged at the lower part of pressure plare, can using the use of modified PE EK bed courses
The friction coefficient between pressure plare and model is effectively reduced, and certain cushioning effect can be played to pressure plare 113, prevents pressure
Mutation damaged caused by model and device, pressure plare 113 uses PMMA high transparency plates, convenient to carry out Image Acquisition to model
And observation, compression system support frame 1 are fixed on model supporting table 6, the support of stabilization, servo pressure are provided for compression system
Force controller 9 is arranged on hood 5, facilitates user to be operated, and servo oil pump 12 and hydraulic oil container 13 are fixed on testing stand
On frame 4.
As shown in figure 4, above-mentioned model frictional force measuring system includes multiple frictional force sensings for being layed in 2 bottom of model frame
Device 403, above-mentioned wiping force snesor 403 is by connection frictional force monitor 8, and above-mentioned friction force sensor 403 is measuring
Model frictional force suffered in simulation process, and by the friction value Real-time Feedback monitored to frictional force monitor 8,
Above-mentioned 2 lower part of model frame is provided with model frame bed course 401, and material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to reduce conveyer belt 3 and model frame it
Between friction coefficient, frictional force monitor 8 is arranged at the outside of model frame 2, facilitates user to be observed.
As shown in figure 5, above-mentioned high speed camera image collection and resolving system are arranged at the top of model 11, the high speed phase
Machine Image Acquisition and resolving system have the high speed camera 304 being used for carrying out real time image collection during the experiment of model 11.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, above-mentioned high speed camera image collection and resolving system further include the scale on model frame 2
402nd, slide 7, camera Quick-mounting board 301, camera fixing bolt 302, Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 305, lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt
303rd, headlamp slide 306, limit hole 307, headlamp Quick-mounting board 308, soft light cover 309, headlamp 310, headlamp fix spiral shell
Bolt 311, high speed camera 304 are fixed on camera Quick-mounting board 301 by camera fixing bolt 302, and camera Quick-mounting board 301 is installed
In slide 7, and can be on slide 7 according to the requirement adjustment position of required collection image, when camera is as optimum position
It is fixed on afterwards by limit hole 307 and Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 305 on slide 7, headlamp 310 passes through headlamp fixing bolt
311 are fixed on headlamp Quick-mounting board 308, and headlamp Quick-mounting board 308 is installed in headlamp slide 306, can wherein certainly
Reach optimal illumination position by sliding, after headlamp is located at optimum position, fixed by lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt 303
In in the corresponding limit hole of headlamp slide, soft light cover 309 is installed on the lower part of high speed camera 304, to houselights into
Row softening is handled, and at utmost reduces pressure plare reflective phenomenon, realizes the high quality collection of subdued light conditions hypograph, high speed camera
304 are connected with backstage computer, by shoot test during model 11 photo or video recording and be transferred to backstage computer and resolved,
Scale 402 can be used as backstage computer to resolve referential, realize the real-time monitoring to model key point displacement on this basis.
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals is as follows：
1st, compression system support frame, 111, No. 1 hydraulic pressure casings, 112, No. 1 hydraulic columns, 113, increased pressure board, 114, pressurization
Plate fixing bolt, 115, connecting plate, 116, transparent stage PEEK bed courses, 117, No. 2 hydraulic pressure casings, 118, No. 2 hydraulic columns, 119,1
Number oil cylinder, 120, No. 2 oil cylinders, 121, pressure sensor, 122, No. 4 oil cylinders, 123, No. 4 hydraulic pressure casings, 124, No. 3 oil cylinders,
123rd, No. 4 hydraulic pressure casings, 125, No. 3 hydraulic pressure casings, 126, No. 4 hydraulic columns, 127, No. 3 hydraulic columns, 3, conveyer belt, 4, testing stand
Frame, 201, drive roll, 202, roller fixing device, 203, roller fixing bolt, 9, servo pressure controller, 10, transmission
Tape speed monitor, 5, hood, 6, model supporting table, 204, Teflon plate, 205, driven roller, 7, slide beam, 301, camera
Quick-mounting board, 302, camera fixing bolt, 303, lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt, 304, high speed camera, 305, Quick-mounting board fix spiral shell
Bolt, 306, headlamp slide, 307, limit hole, 308, headlamp Quick-mounting board, 309, soft light cover, 310, headlamp, 311, illumination
Lamp fixing bolt, 2, model frame, 8, frictional force monitor, 401, model frame bed course, 402, scale, 403, friction force sensor,
15th, frequency converter, 14, alternating current generator, 13, hydraulic oil container, 12, servo oil pump.
The application method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of Rock And Soil physical model, according to the theory of similarity, according to side slope or the geological conditions of underground chamber, uses
Sandy soil, cement, gypsum and water etc. prepare the analog material of corresponding lithology, the geometry of similar material model respectively according to a certain percentage
The likelihood ratio should be determined according to the size of Practical Project object and model frame 2.In addition need to utilize matched somebody with somebody analog material to make one
A thin layer rectangular cubic block.
2) friction coefficient measurement of conveyer belt friction and similar material model, it is Z side to define along 3 direction of motion of conveyer belt
To perpendicular to 3 direction of motion of conveyer belt being X-direction on horizontal plane, vertical direction is Y-direction.By above-mentioned analog material thin layer square
Shape cube block is layed on conveyer belt 3, and model lower part offsets with 2 lower part of model frame, proposes Z-direction constraint for it, and will rub
Wipe force snesor correspondence and be layed in model lower part, by line speed monitor 10, be not turned on vertical pressue device at this time, treat
After frictional force reading is stablized, the friction coefficient between scale model material and conveyer belt can be obtained according to the following formula：
Wherein f is model friction size, am、bm、zmThe respectively size of cube model, μmI.e. model is with passing
Send the friction coefficient of interband.
3) size of applied normal stress is determined according to Practical Project problem and model size, if defining along conveyer belt 3
The direction of motion is Z-direction, perpendicular to 3 direction of motion of conveyer belt is X-direction on horizontal plane, vertical direction is Y-direction, then is applying
Under conditions of having normal stress P, the suffered stress of certain point is in model：
σz=μm(γm+p/t)z
σy=p+ γmt(y/t)
σx=υ (σy+σz)
Wherein σz、σy、σxThe direct stress that respectively model is subject on Z, Y and X-direction, p are the normal stress applied, υ
For the Poisson's ratio of material, t is the thickness of model, and z is the depth of model in z-direction, can be determined according to model collimation mark ruler, y is
The depth of model in the Y direction.
When the normal stress p applied is much larger than γmDuring t, the stress state of certain point is in model：
σz=μm(p/t)z
σy=p
σx=υ μm(p/t)z+υp
It can be seen that after normal stress p is applied to model, stress suffered by model not with the change of Y-direction coordinate and
Change, and only as depth Z changes, the size of p is adjusted according to the strength of materials of the stress similitude of model when model,
Can Mechanism of Deformation And Failure and evolutionary process of the truer simulation Rock And Soil under different stress.
4) the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of moving model, similar material model level is laid on conveyer belt 3,
Inputted according to test requirements document in servo pressure controller 9 and apply pressure value, pass through servo pressure controller 9, servo oil pump
12nd, the closed loop servo pressurized control of control valve, reversal valve, hydraulic column, pressure plare 113 and pressure sensor 121 realizes quantitative essence
Really pressurization.If desired traditional bottom friction testing (normal stress p=0) is carried out, then servo-drive system can be loaded by vertical even distributed force
Pressure plare 113 is hovered in the surface of close model, but be not in contact with model, by pressure plare restricted model Y-direction
Displacement, ensure bottom friction testing simulation authenticity.
5) frequency conversion variable speed belt drive and model frictional force measuring system are run, treats that normal direction loading system is steady
After fixed work, line speed monitor 10 and frictional force monitor 8 are opened, the frictional force produced by the movement of conveyer belt 3
To simulate the gravity suffered by Rock And Soil, the big I of frictional force suffered by model is anti-in real time by frictional force monitor 8
Reflect, the real-time monitoring so as to fulfill model by pseudo gravity size.
6) high speed camera image collection and resolving system are run, before conveyer belt reaches even running, can adjust at a high speed
The position of camera 304, and according to laboratory lighting condition selectively adjustment headlamp 310, open high speed camera 304, realize examination
Model high quality graphic collecting work during testing, can by related resolving means by backstage computer and model collimation mark ruler 402
Key point displacement tracking and monitoring inside implementation model.
The present invention based on the above technical solutions, also takes technical measures：
The present invention is additionally provided with model supporting table, and above-mentioned model supporting table is located at below the conveyer belt of direct support model,
Above-mentioned model supporting table top is provided with the structure sheaf for reducing friction coefficient between conveyer belt and supporting table, and said structure layer can be
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bed course, the supporting table are fixed together with test bed framework, are additionally useful for the model frame bottom of restricted model
Also it is equipped with structure sheaf.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is can to greatly increase the bearing capacity of conveyer belt so that the bottom friction testing is set
Standby be better achieved simulates large scale ground body Model, and can reduce to the full extent between conveyer belt and supporting table
And the friction coefficient between model frame and conveyer belt, movement driving force is thereby reduced, reduces energy consumption, supporting table is fixed on examination
Test on table frame, add the kinetic stability of transmission system in simulation process.
Pressure plare in the heretofore described vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model can be PMMA high transparency plates, pressurization
Plate lower part is provided with transparent bed course, and the bed course can use transparent stage modified PE EK materials to make, also can be in increased pressure board lower surface
Uniformly smear lubricant.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is the image real-time acquisition during can conveniently testing, and PEEK bed courses make
With the friction coefficient that can effectively reduce between pressure plare and model, and certain cushioning effect can be played to pressure plare, prevented
The mutation of pressure is damaged caused by model and device.
Heretofore described high speed camera image collection and resolving system add headlamp slide, and headlamp can be in slide
It is free to slide, top light filling is carried out to model image gatherer process, headlamp lower part is provided with soft light cover.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is the experimental enviroment that can adapt under a variety of subdued light conditions, and model collection is carried
For effective lighting.Due to high speed camera in high-speed shutter shooting process it is larger to the demand of light-inletting quantity, above-mentioned headlamp can be right
Shoot object and carry out light filling, the setting of soft light cover can greatly reduce reflective phenomenon of the light on pressure plare, realize high quality
Image Acquisition.
The embodiment of the present invention is described above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, those of ordinary skill in the art
Under the enlightenment of the present invention, in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, it can also make very much
Form, these are belonged within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of more of large scale Rock And Soil monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time, it is characterised in that including frequency conversion
The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of variable speed belt drive, model, model frictional force measuring system, high speed camera
Image Acquisition and resolving system：
The frequency conversion variable speed belt drive is located at the lower part of model to be measured (11), the frequency conversion variable speed transmission
With the line speed controller (10) having in drive system for detecting and controlling conveyer belt (3) speed, the conveyer belt
Speed monitor (10) rubs model to be measured (11) offer Stable sliding by connecting frequency conversion variable speed belt drive
Power is wiped, and receives the real time speed information of conveyer belt by frequency conversion variable speed belt drive；
The vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model is located at the top of model to be measured (11), and the vertical even distributed force of model adds
Carrying servo-drive system has the pressure sensor (121) for being used for detecting well-distributed pressure suffered by model to be measured (11) top, the model
The pressure sensor (121) of vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system passes through connection servo pressure controller (9), the pressure
Model to be measured (11) pressure is fed back to servo pressure controller (9), the servo pressure controller by sensor (121)
(9) the vertical well-distributed pressure that Controlling model is subject to, servo pressure controller (9) the control servo oil pump (12) provide model
Vertical well-distributed pressure；
The model frictional force measuring system has multiple friction force sensors (403) for being layed in model frame (2) bottom, described
It is to be measured to measure by connection frictional force monitor (8), the friction force sensor (403) to wipe force snesor (403)
Model (11) frictional force suffered in simulation process, and the friction value Real-time Feedback monitored is monitored to frictional force
Instrument (8)；
The high speed camera image collection and resolving system are arranged at the top of model to be measured (11), and the high speed camera image is adopted
Collection and resolving system have the high speed camera (304) being used for carrying out real time image collection during model to be measured (11) experiment.
2. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 1 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing in real time
System, it is characterised in that：The frequency conversion variable speed belt drive further includes test bed framework (4), alternating current generator
(14), drive roll (201), driven roller (205), frequency converter (15), conveyer belt (3), line speed controller (10), rolling
Tube fixing device (202) and roller fixing bolt (203), the drive roll (201) and driven roller (205) are consolidated by roller
Determine device (202) and roller fixing bolt (203) is fixed on test bed framework (4) both sides, the alternating current generator (14) and frequency conversion
Device (15) is connected, and the frequency converter (15) is connected with line speed monitor (10), and the drive roll (201) passes through belt
It is connected with alternating current generator (14).
3. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 1 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model further includes compression system support frame (1), hydraulic oil container
(13), servo oil pump (12), four in the oil cylinder (119,120,124,122) of matrix distribution, supporting hydraulic-pressure sleeve (111,
117th, 125,123), hydraulic column (112,118,127,126), pressure plare (113) and connecting plate (115), the pressure plare (113)
It is connected by connecting plate (115) with hydraulic column (112,118,127,126), the oil cylinder (119,120,124,122) is in matrix
Compression system support frame (1) corner is distributed in, lower part connects hydraulic-pressure sleeve (111,117,125,123) and hydraulic column respectively
(112,118,127,126), the servo pressure controller (9) pass through connection servo oil pump (12), the servo oil pump
(12) control hydraulic column (112,118,127,126) flexible, drive lower pressure plate (113) to extrude model (11) to be measured.
4. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 3 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, pressure plare (113) lower part is provided with transparent stage PEEK pads in the vertical even distributed force loading servo-drive system of model
Layer (116), the transparent stage PEEK bed courses (116) are reducing the frictional force between model to be measured (11) and pressure plare (113).
5. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 4 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, the high speed camera image collection and resolving system further include scale (402), slide (7), camera Quick-mounting board
(301), camera fixing bolt (302), Quick-mounting board fixing bolt (305), lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt (303), headlamp are slided
Rail (306), limit hole (307), headlamp Quick-mounting board (308), soft light cover (309), headlamp (310), headlamp fixing bolt
(311), the high speed camera (304) is installed in slide (7) by camera Quick-mounting board (301)；The headlamp (310) passes through
Headlamp Quick-mounting board (308), lateral Quick-mounting board fixing bolt (303) and headlamp fixing bolt (311) are fixed on headlamp cunning
In rail (306)；The camera Quick-mounting board (301) is fixed on slide by limit hole (307) and Quick-mounting board fixing bolt (305)
(7) on, the high speed camera (304) is connected with backstage computer, and the high speed camera (304) is used for be measured during shooting is tested
The photo or video recording of model (11) are simultaneously transferred to backstage computer.
6. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 5 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, being provided with model supporting table (6), the model supporting table (6) is located at the biography of direct support model to be measured (11)
Send below band (3), model supporting table (6) top, which is provided with, reduces friction coefficient between conveyer belt (3) and supporting table (6)
Structure sheaf (204), the structure sheaf (204) are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bed course, and the supporting table (6) is fixed with test bed framework (4)
Together.
7. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 6 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, the scale (402) is arranged on model frame (2), the scale (402) is used as high speed camera (304) figure
The referential of picture.
8. more of a kind of large scale Rock And Soil according to claim 7 monitors servo pressurization bottom friction testing system in real time,
It is characterized in that, the frequency converter (15), alternating current generator (14), hydraulic oil container (13) and servo oil pump (12) are fixed on testing stand
Frame (4) is internal, and described test outside table frame (4) is provided with hood (5).
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| CN109033566A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-18 | 同济大学 | A kind of vehicular load method for numerical simulation based on finite infinite element model |
| CN109115612A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-01 | 成都理工大学 | Rub physical type rock landslip pilot system |
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| WO2019237854A1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-12-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Transparent constraint apparatus for normal deformation of planar model |
| CN110836847A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-25 | 内蒙古大学 | Intelligent temperature control type variable cross-section interface friction instrument |
| CN111953945A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | 合肥德泰科通测控技术有限公司 | Comprehensive track detection device based on unmanned driving |
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| CN109033566A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-18 | 同济大学 | A kind of vehicular load method for numerical simulation based on finite infinite element model |
| CN109033566B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2023-07-07 | 同济大学 | Vehicle load numerical simulation method based on finite element-infinite element model |
| CN109115612A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-01 | 成都理工大学 | Rub physical type rock landslip pilot system |
| CN109115612B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-08-15 | 成都理工大学 | Friction physical force type rock landslide test system |
| CN109443823A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-08 | 上海电气液压气动有限公司 | A kind of depth tunnel domain experimental rig |
| WO2019237854A1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-12-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Transparent constraint apparatus for normal deformation of planar model |
| US10731962B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2020-08-04 | China University Of Mining And Technology, Beijing | Transparent constraint apparatus for normal deformation of planar model |
| CN110836847A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-25 | 内蒙古大学 | Intelligent temperature control type variable cross-section interface friction instrument |
| CN111953945A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | 合肥德泰科通测控技术有限公司 | Comprehensive track detection device based on unmanned driving |
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Application publication date: 20180413 |