CN107897923A - 一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有功能性的百香果壳中黄酮的制备方法,属于高效生物质资源提取技术领域。具体为选取新鲜无腐烂的百香果壳,洗净,70‑80℃烘箱干燥12‑16h或者阳光下晒干,粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果壳粉末;将百香果壳粉末与40‑70%体积分数的乙醇按液料比30‑60mL/g比例混合,搅拌1‑2h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率200‑400w,处理时间30‑60min,提取温度40‑60℃,将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用60‑80%乙醇洗脱6‑8倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在‑30℃至‑10℃下冻干12‑24h,粉碎后4℃保存即可;该制备方法提取率高,成本低,能耗低,环保,制备的黄酮经过纯化,纯度提高,并具有良好的抗氧化性,是一种优良的具有生物活性的食品原料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黄酮的制备方法,具体涉及一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,属于高效生物质资源提取技术领域。
背景技术
百香果(Passion Flower)又称西番莲、鸡蛋果,热带多年生草质至半木质藤本攀附果树,原产澳大利亚和巴西,现广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区,目前在我国广东、广西、江苏、安徽、湖南、贵州、福建、云南、海南等地有栽培,并以广西地区发展最快。百香果果汁具有番石榴、菠萝、香蕉、芒果、苹果、酸梅等多种水果的令人愉悦的香味。据报道百香果具有生津止渴、消除疲劳、提神醒酒、护肤养颜、减肥通便、清肺润燥、化痰止咳、滋阴补肾、防癌抗衰、安神抗焦虑、镇痛抗炎抑菌、防治心血管疾病等多种医药保健功能,因而也被誉为“果中之王”。
百香果果壳中富含有果胶、生物碱、黄酮、果胶、多糖、多酚类物质等药用成分,其中,鞣质与黄酮类成分含量较高。现代药理研究表明:黄酮类化合物具有多种生物活性,例如抗肿瘤、抗衰老以及增强免疫力等药理作用。而且黄酮类化合物具有清除人体中超氧离子自由基、抗衰老、增强机体免疫力的生理活性等功能,是一种天然的抗氧化活性剂。
超声波提取是利用超声波的空化作用、机械效应和热效应等加速胞内有效物质的释放、扩散和溶解,显著提高提取效率的一种方法。且超声提取可节约溶剂,避免高温对提取成分的影响。
目前百香果主要用于加工果汁,少部分作为鲜果食用。百香果果壳占整果重45-60%,在大量的百香果果汁加工中成为副产物,这些加工副产物大部分被作为废料丢弃,这不仅造成了资源的极大浪费,也给环境造成负担。若能充分利用大量的百香果果壳,对其进行高附加值食品开发利用,不仅可减少资源浪费及对环境污染,同时必将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,该制备方法提取率高,成本低,能耗低,环保,制备的黄酮经过纯化,纯度高,并具有良好的抗氧化性,是一种优良的具有生物活性的食品原料。
为实现上述发明的目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:70-80℃烘箱干燥12-16h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与40-70%体积分数的乙醇按液料比30-60mL/g比例混合,搅拌1-2h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率200-400w,处理时间30-60min,提取温度40-60℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用60-80%乙醇洗脱6-8倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-30℃至-10℃下冻干12-24h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果是:
本发明采用超声波法提取黄酮,大大提高了百香果果壳中黄酮的提取率;通过柱层析提高了黄酮的纯度;通过冷冻干燥极大保存了黄酮的生物活性。并且本方法步骤简单,溶剂还可以通过蒸馏重新利用,可大大减少生产成本。同时,本发明利用百香果果壳为原料,变废为宝,提高附加值,提取完的残渣还可以做肥料或饲料,增加农民的收入。
具体实施方式
下面通过实例对本发明做进一步详细说明,这些实例仅用来说明本发明,并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:80℃烘箱干燥12h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与40%体积分数的乙醇按液料比60mL/g比例混合,搅拌1h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率200w,处理时间60min,提取温度60℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用60%乙醇洗脱8倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-30℃下冻干12h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
实施例2
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:75℃烘箱干燥14h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与50%体积分数的乙醇按液料比50mL/g比例混合,搅拌1.5h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率250w,处理时间50min,提取温度55℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用65%乙醇洗脱7.5倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-25下冻干15h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
实施例3
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:70℃烘箱干燥16h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与60%体积分数的乙醇按液料比40mL/g比例混合,搅拌2h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率300w,处理时间40min,提取温度50℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用70%乙醇洗脱7倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-20℃下冻干18h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
实施例4
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:80℃烘箱干燥12h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与65%体积分数的乙醇按液料比45mL/g比例混合,搅拌1.5h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率350w,处理时间35min,提取温度45℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用75%乙醇洗脱6.5倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)冷冻浓缩:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-15℃下冻干21h粉碎后4℃保存即可。
实施例5
一种具有功能性的百香果果壳中黄酮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:75℃烘箱干燥14h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果果壳粉末与70%体积分数的乙醇按液料比30mL/g比例混合,搅拌1h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率400w,处理时间30min,提取温度40℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用80%乙醇洗脱6倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-10℃下冻干24h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有功能性的百香果壳中黄酮的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料的选择:选取新鲜的百香果壳,去除腐败、变质的部分,洗干净;
(2)干燥:70-80℃烘箱干燥12-16h或者阳光下晒干;
(3)粉碎:粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛,得到百香果壳粉末;
(4)超声波提取:将百香果壳粉末与40-70%体积分数的乙醇按液料比30-60mL/g比例混合,搅拌1-2h之后将混合物放入超声波萃取仪中,设置超声波功率200-400w,处理时间30-60min,提取温度40-60℃;将提取液过滤,滤液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5;
(5)纯化:将浓缩液过聚酰胺柱,先用蒸馏水洗脱至无色,再用60-80%乙醇洗脱6-8倍柱体积,收集洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:合并收集的洗脱液在50℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/5,将浓缩液在-30℃至-10℃下冻干12-24h,粉碎后4℃保存即可。
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