CN107896976A - A kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing Download PDF

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CN107896976A
CN107896976A CN201711288920.8A CN201711288920A CN107896976A CN 107896976 A CN107896976 A CN 107896976A CN 201711288920 A CN201711288920 A CN 201711288920A CN 107896976 A CN107896976 A CN 107896976A
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rice
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purple
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CN107896976B (en
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郭咏梅
邵源梅
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Yunnan Nabaichuan Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing, specific procedure are as follows：Breed On Apomixis of Rice system；Match parent；The parent matched is hybridized；Special rice clonal seeds is harvested, respectively by combination sowing, single plant transplanting, is preserved respectively by combination single plant harvest, threshing, pack when ripe；Screening high-quality, high yield, more anti-Special rice agamont；Carry out variety protection.Solid purple No. 1 of the cloud selected with this technology is the soft rice new hybrid rice varieties of purple, and food flavor and nutritional quality are splendid, and yielding ability is good, better resistance, wide adaptability；Solid purple No. 2 of cloud is the fragrant soft rice new hybrid rice varieties of purple, and food flavor and nutritional quality are splendid, and yielding ability is good, better resistance.Indica Rice Region and indica rice ecotone can plant below 1600 meters of Yunnan height above sea level, averagely increase production 40~50% than conventional Special rice Mojiang purple rice.

Description

A kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant variety selection and breeding field, is specifically a kind of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing Breeding method.
Background technology
The effective way of crop yield using first generation of hybrid advantage, but after the first generation of hybrid more generations will occur character or The separation of fertility, it is therefore desirable to which annual crossbreeding, wastes many man power and materials, and it is excellent to fix hybrid using apomixia Gesture is that many breeders are looked forward to.In China, it is excellent that Zhao Shixu propositions first with the method for apomixia fix paddy rice hybrid The imagination of gesture.1987, famous breeding of hybridized rice man Yuan Longping proposed strategy flexibility to rice heterosis utilization：Exist Order on Application way is " three line method ", " two line method " and " one is method ", and one is that method is exactly miscellaneous using apomixia fixation Kind advantage.Then, Cai get Tian and Chen Dongling, Zhou Kaida etc. clearly propose the basic bar using apomixia hybrid vigor fixing Part, selection and breeding material step and conceptual phase.By the research of several years, China has not only selected polytype apomixia Rice material, such as ASR-1, C1001, HDAR, SB-1, CYAR-2, and find that adventitious embryo therein is sent out through Embryological observation The diploid Apomixis such as raw, more blastulars and apospory, is suitable for hybrid vigor fixing and rice without melting for selection and breeding Symphysis grows strain and has established good basis.
Yunnan is located in motherland southwest border area, 4060 kilometers of border line length, Vietnam, Laos, Burma with View of World Rice main production country Pasture is adjoined, and superior natural conditions, ecotype is various, aboundresources, is the area of origin of artificial cultivation rice, be propagate " rice it The starting point on road ".Since ecotype is various, Rice Resources enrich, and rice varieties quantity ranks first in the whole country, though it is not that production rice is big Save, can but claim superior rice big province, the situation of selling well such as " rice is put in screening ", " eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) tribute ", " Wo Longgu ", " Mojiang purple rice " and " terraced fields red rice " saves It is inside and outside, due to the culture of colourful ethnic group rice and eating habit, rare Special Rices germ plasm resource is protected, for special type Exploitation with special rice provides resource and humane advantage.
The plantation region of the Special Rices such as soft rice in Yunnan, glutinous rice, purple rice, red rice is strong, not reproducible, is exploitation nutrition and work( The good food materials of the special rice of energy and rice made products, have wide development prospect, are that Color rice is the rare of function rice exploitation Germ plasm resource, rich in protein, amino acid, plant fat, cellulose and mineral matter needed by human, such as Fe, Zn, Ca, with And vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, D, E and the nicotinic acid enriched, the vitamin C and carrotene especially lacked containing general rice. In addition, the intracutaneous pigment of colored rice kind is proanthocyanidin or anthocyanin, flavonoid substances are belonged to, can be used as safe Natural pigment is used as food additives, and has special physiologically active ingredient.But Special Rices plantation is scattered, small scale is main It is distributed in and has inconvenient traffic, the numerous hot-zone of ethnic group, such as Dehong prefecture, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Wenshan Prefecture, Chuxiong Prefecture, Honghe Part county.Local special type rice varieties plant type is poor, easily falls, low output, and disease resistance is poor, and only Cooking Quality and nutritional quality is splendid, Because of the eating habit of ethnic group, its Rice Resources is obtained with preserving.
Become the consumption mainstream of people, people with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, eating and eating nice green product less Requirement to rice varieties is higher and higher, and the Special Rices new varieties of high yield and good quality are current breeding objectives.Due to rice Variety and quality and yield are related to quantitative character, although Resistant belongs to dominant character more, different resistances or with it is re-sistance but point Belong to different gene locis, the separation in the hybridization generation that meiosis is brought causes pure line breeding method to be difficult that high yield and high quality is more The characteristics of anti-, combines.And the characteristics of heterozygous genotypes that apomixia has, consistent phenotype, be conducive in heterozygosis Different loci under state accumulates high-quality, high yield and the gene of multiresistance, so as to reach the target of breeding.Therefore, by amixis Reproduction is combined with the gene such as high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, and the Special Rices new varieties of selection and breeding high yield and good quality, one is provided for Special Rices The new way of a rapid breeding, accelerates the rare Special Rices germplasm utilization of resources, and special rice exploitation extraordinary to high-quality has Important meaning.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing, with solution Problem certainly proposed in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing, shares six programs, and specific procedure is as follows：
1) On Apomixis of Rice system is bred：The genetic stocks 12-G555 of breeding tool hybrid vigor fixing feature；
2) parent is matched, the principle for matching parent is that must to select one of two be facultative apomixis system, and selection and breeding are high-quality, high The high rice zoogamy kind of production, better resistance, coordinate force and rice facultative apomixis system make hybrid strain；
3) parent matched is hybridized, obtains the Special rice cenospecies of the type containing apomixis gene；
4) Special rice clonal seeds is harvested, respectively by sowing, single plant transplanting is combined, harvested respectively by combination single plant when ripe, Threshing, pack preserve；
5) screening high-quality, high yield, more anti-Special rice agamont；
6) variety protection is carried out, selection and breeding are high-quality, high yield, more anti-apomixia special type hybrid rice variety.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Clonal seeds is bred by material of facultative apomixis system 12-G555, because 12-G555 is to carry out zoogamy before flowering, can obtain hybrid seed by artificial compulsory pollination, and is bloomed the later stage Apomixia is carried out under field conditions (factors), produces clonal seeds, and kernel seed coat colour is purple.Therefore, by Facultative apomictic System genitale 12-G555 seeds are sowed mid-March, single plant rice transplanting at the beginning of 5 months, by the end of August single plant harvest of ripe time-division purple agamospecies Son.
As further scheme of the invention：With high-quality, high yield, the rice zoogamy kind that disease-resistant, coordinate force is high Make hybrid strain, emphasis considers the special traits such as fragrance, food flavor and nutrition, and because 12-G555 is facultative apomixis system, its is female Stamen can receive pollen, and the pollen of itself also has viability, so it can both make female parent, can also make male parent has with other Sexual reproduction mixing breed, can obtain hybrid seed.The parent matched and 12-G555 are hybridized, reciprocal cross, The paddy rice hybrid of the type containing apomixis gene of acquisition, it is such as whole in maternal facultative apomixis system 12-G555 the previous days of blooming Fringe emasculation, puts on hybridization paper bag together with male parent zoogamy kind R808 tassels after emasculation, during noon rice full blossom, use finger Attack hybridization paper bag is pollinated, continuous to tap 3 days, and the hybrid seed 12- containing On Apomixis of Rice is harvested after maturation G555×R808.Or bloom the previous day whole fringe emasculation in maternal zoogamy kind L20, after emasculation with male parent Facultative apomictic System genitale 12-G555 tassels put on hybridization paper bag together, during noon rice full blossom, are pollinated with finger attack hybridization paper bag, It is continuous to tap 3 days, hybrid seed L20 × 12-G555 containing On Apomixis of Rice is harvested after maturation.
As further scheme of the invention：Will above obtained hybrid seed such as 12-G555 × R808, L20 × 12-G555, is planted by combination sowing, single plant transplanting, the field observation half-blood different from parent R808 and 12-G555 respectively Strain, chooses the combination that hybrid vigour is obvious, and superelevation parent is worth, and is preserved respectively by combination single plant harvest, threshing, pack when ripe.
As further scheme of the invention：By the F1heterosis of harvest（F1）Seed is moved by combination sowing, single plant Plant, field observation is in f3generation（F2）Plant occurs not separating group of hill, Agronomic characteristic neat and consistent, is that hybrid is excellent They, are mixed harvest, threshing, numbering, pack preservation by the agamont that gesture has been fixed respectively by combination.
As further scheme of the invention：The f3generation of harvest will be mixed（F2）Seed is by combination sowing, shifting Plant, by the hybrid third generation（F2）Agamont such as 12-G555 × R808, L20 × 12-G555, during fertility, carry out field Investigation, samples species test, statistics, using Special rices such as Mojiang purple rices as control kind, screening quality is excellent, yield is high, better resistance Extraordinary hybrid rice variety, as cloud it is solid purple No. 1 and cloud it is solid No. 2 purple.These extraordinary hybrid rice varieties need not the production of hybrid seeds every year, And energy multi-generational use, show the features such as yielding ability is good, rice is of fine quality, better resistance, wide adaptability.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention utilizes On Apomixis of Rice system, and apolegamy tool is fragrant The soft rice of the special traits such as taste, food flavor and nutrition, the fragrant Special rice kind such as glutinous make parent, are hybridized, screen Special rice Agamont, carries out variety protection, and selection and breeding are high-quality, high yield, more anti-apomixia hybrid rice variety.Solves extraordinary water The problem that rice low output, disease resistance are poor, region is strong, shortens breeding cycle more than 2/3；The solid purple of cloud selected with this technology No. 1 is the soft rice new hybrid rice varieties of purple, and food flavor and nutritional quality are splendid, and yielding ability is good, better resistance, wide adaptability；Yun Gu Purple No. 2 are the fragrant soft rice new hybrid rice varieties of purple, and food flavor and nutritional quality are splendid, and yielding ability is good, better resistance.In Yunnan height above sea level Less than 1600 meters Indica Rice Regions and indica rice ecotone can plant, averagely increase production 40 than conventional Special rice Mojiang purple rice~ 50%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of knot of solid purple No. 1 selection and breeding of breeding method medium cloud of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of knot of solid purple No. 2 selection and breeding of breeding method medium cloud of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing Structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The technical solution of this patent is described in more detail with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, female parent is made with long-grained nonglutinous rice facultative apomixis system 12-G555, with high-quality soft rice zoogamy kind R808 Hybridized as male parent and obtain hybrid seed.F1heterosis（F1）Plant hybrid vigour is obvious, the botany between individual Feature and biological characteristics are identical (agamonts), their economical character is different from two parents, its is rich Production property exceedes high level parent, F1Selfed seed kind skin is in purple, single plant harvest, threshing, pack preservation when ripe.By the miscellaneous of harvest The kind first generation（F1）Seed sowing, single plant transplanting, field observation f3generation（F2）Plant occurs not separating group of hill, field agriculture Skill character neat and consistent, is the agamont that hybrid vigour has been fixed, their economical character is with first filial generation plant It is identical or approximate, but be different from two parents；Species test, and single plant harvest, threshing, numbering are sampled when ripe.It will close The f3generation of harvest（F2）Seed is sowed by number, single plant transplanting, the field observation hybrid third generation（F3）Colony, if agronomy Character neat and consistent, botanical character and biological characteristics between their individuals are identical (agamonts), they Economical character from two parents be different, its yielding ability does not exceed only high level parent, such as R808, also above control kind, such as Mojiang purple rice；Therefore the soft rice hybrid rice variety 12-G555 × R808 of agamont purple is selected in the hybrid third generation, named It is solid No. 1 purple for cloud.
12-G555 japonica rice lines, from African Yamoussoukro city, containing apomixis gene, in Yunnan Below 1400m Indica Rice Regions are planted, and plant type is compact, and regeneration power is strong, and tillering ability is strong, has the characteristics that self-incompatibility, but different During friendship, pollen has viability.145~150 days time of infertility（Change with height above sea level difference）, 80~85cm of plant height, spike length 18~20cm, effective fringe 10~12, main total grain panicle number 80~100, setting percentage 80~85%, 20~21 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, leaf Piece bottle green, grain atropurpureus, brown rice darkviolet, middle blast resisting, bacterial blight-resisting.Through Ministry of Agriculture's agricultural product quality supervision inspection Test tries Spot detection, rice eating-quality testing result：Protein content 13.6%, crude fat content 3.15%, amylose Content 17.5%, gel consistence 40mm, 7.0 grades of caustic SCC.
R808 japonica rice lines, plant type is compact, and tillering ability is strong, wide adaptability, stable high yield, and seed holding is medium.Quan Sheng Educate the phase 150~155 days（Change with height above sea level difference）, 90~95cm of plant height, 25~28cm of spike length, effective fringe 10~12 A, main total grain panicle number 200~220, setting percentage 80~85%, 22~24 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, blade light green, grain is golden yellow, The grain of rice is translucent.Detected through agricultural product quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, rice eating-quality testing result：Protein Content 6.39%, amylose content 18.4%, gel consistence 30mm, 7.0 grades of caustic SCC.Field bacterial blight-resisting, rice blast, suitably Below our province height above sea level 1600m Indica Rice Regions or the plantation of indica rice ecotone.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 2,
Female parent is made with the glutinous zoogamy kind L20 of high-quality perfume, it is miscellaneous to make male parent progress with long-grained nonglutinous rice facultative apomixis system 12-G555 Hand over and obtain hybrid seed.F1heterosis（F1）Plant hybrid vigour is obvious, botanical character and biology between individual Characteristic is identical (agamont), their economical character is different from two parents, its yielding ability exceedes high level Parent, F1Selfed seed kind skin is in purple, and meter Zhi Wei perfume (or spice) is soft, single plant harvest, threshing, pack preservation when ripe.By the miscellaneous of harvest The kind first generation（F1）Seed sowing, single plant transplanting, field observation f3generation（F2）Plant occurs not separating group of hill, field agriculture Skill character neat and consistent, is the agamont that hybrid vigour has been fixed, their economical character is with first filial generation plant It is identical or approximate, but be different from two parents；Species test, and single plant harvest, threshing, numbering are sampled when ripe.It will close The f3generation of harvest（F2）Seed is sowed by number, single plant transplanting, the field observation hybrid third generation（F3）Colony, if agronomy Character neat and consistent, botanical character and biological characteristics between their individuals are identical (agamonts), they Economical character from two parents be different, its yielding ability does not exceed only high level parent, such as L20, also above control kind, such as ink River purple rice；Therefore the fragrant soft rice hybrid rice variety L20 × 12-G555 of agamont purple is selected in the hybrid third generation, named It is solid No. 2 purple for cloud.
L20 japonica rice lines, plant type is compact, and tillering ability is medium, stable high yield, and seed holding is medium.The time of infertility 150~ 155 days（Change with height above sea level difference）, 90~95cm of plant height, 20~25cm of spike length, effective fringe 8~10, main total grain panicle Number 180~200, setting percentage 80~85%, 22~24 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, blade light green, grain of rice milky are savory.Through agriculture Ye Bu agricultural product qualities supervision and inspection center is detected, rice eating-quality testing result：Protein content 11.23%, straight chain Content of starch 5.91%, gel consistence 100mm, 3.0 grades of caustic SCC.Field bacterial blight-resisting, rice blast, suitable our province height above sea level 1400m Following Indica Rice Region plantation.
The better embodiment of this patent is explained in detail above, but this patent is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party Formula, can also be on the premise of this patent objective not be departed from the knowledge that one skilled in the relevant art possesses Make a variety of changes.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing, it is characterised in that：Fixed Special rice is miscellaneous Kind heterosis breeding method, shares six programs, specific procedure is as follows：
    1) On Apomixis of Rice system is bred：The genetic stocks 12-G555 of breeding tool hybrid vigor fixing feature；
    2) parent is matched, the principle for matching parent is that must to select one of two be facultative apomixis system, and selection and breeding are high-quality, high The high rice zoogamy kind of production, better resistance, coordinate force and rice facultative apomixis system make hybrid strain；
    3) parent matched is hybridized, obtains the Special rice cenospecies of the type containing apomixis gene；
    4) Special rice clonal seeds is harvested, respectively by sowing, single plant transplanting is combined, harvested respectively by combination single plant when ripe, Threshing, pack preserve；
    5) screening high-quality, high yield, more anti-Special rice agamont；
    6) variety protection is carried out, selection and breeding are high-quality, high yield, more anti-apomixia special type hybrid rice variety.
  2. 2. a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing according to claim 1, its feature It is：Clonal seeds is bred by material of facultative apomixis system 12-G555, because 12-G555 is that progress is sexual before flowering Reproduction, can obtain hybrid seed by artificial compulsory pollination, and the later stage of blooming carries out amixis life under field conditions (factors) Grow, produce clonal seeds, and kernel seed coat colour is purple, therefore, by facultative apomixis system 12-G555 seeds in 3 months Ten days is sowed, single plant rice transplanting at the beginning of 5 months, by the end of August single plant harvest of ripe time-division purple clonal seeds.
  3. 3. a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing according to claim 1, its feature It is：Hybrid strain is made with high-quality, high yield, the rice zoogamy kind that disease-resistant, coordinate force is high, emphasis considers fragrance, food flavor With the special trait such as nutrition, because 12-G555 is facultative apomixis system, its gynoecium can receive pollen, and the pollen of itself Also there is viability, so it can both make female parent, male parent and other zoogamy mixing breeds can also be made, can be hybridized Seed,
    The parent matched and 12-G555 are hybridized, reciprocal cross, obtain the rice of the type containing apomixis gene Hybrid, such as blooms the previous day whole fringe emasculation in maternal facultative apomixis system 12-G555, after emasculation with male parent zoogamy product Kind of R808 tassels put on hybridization paper bag together, during noon rice full blossom, are pollinated with finger attack hybridization paper bag, continuous to tap 3 days, hybrid seed 12-G555 × R808 containing On Apomixis of Rice is harvested after maturation, or in maternal zoogamy product Kind of L20 is bloomed the previous day whole fringe emasculation, and hybridization paper is put on together with male parent facultative apomixis system 12-G555 tassels after emasculation Bag, during noon rice full blossom, is pollinated with finger attack hybridization paper bag, continuous to tap 3 days, after maturation harvest containing rice without Hybrid seed L20 × 12-G555 of syngamy.
  4. 4. a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing according to claim 1, its feature It is：Obtained hybrid seed such as 12-G555 × R808, L20 × 12-G555 above is incited somebody to action, is moved respectively by combination sowing, single plant Plant, the field observation half-blood plant different from parent R808 and 12-G555, selection hybrid vigour is obvious, superelevation parent's value Combination, is preserved by combination single plant harvest, threshing, pack respectively when ripe.
  5. 5. a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing according to claim 1, its feature It is：By the F1heterosis F of harvest1Seed is by combination sowing, single plant transplanting, and field observation is in f3generation F2Plant goes out Group of hill is not separated now, and Agronomic characteristic neat and consistent, is the agamont that hybrid vigour has been fixed, by them by combination point Hun He not harvest, threshing, numbering, pack preserve.
  6. 6. a kind of breeding method of Special rice apomixia hybrid vigor fixing according to claim 1, its feature It is：The f3generation F of harvest will be mixed2Seed is by combination sowing, transplanting, by hybrid third generation F2Agamont such as 12- G555 × R808, L20 × 12-G555, during fertility, carry out field investigation, sample species test, statistics, with Mojiang purple rice It is control kind Deng Special rice, screening quality is excellent, yield is high, the extraordinary hybrid rice variety of better resistance, such as cloud solid purple No. 1 and cloud Gu purple No. 2, these extraordinary hybrid rice varieties need not the production of hybrid seeds every year, and can multi-generational use, show that yielding ability is good, meter Zhi The features such as excellent, better resistance, wide adaptability.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423768A (en) * 2019-07-02 2019-11-08 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Pass through the method for the fixed rice heterosis of adventitious embryo mode
CN111919743A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-11-13 蒋廉斌 Cultivation method and application of apomixis white villus rice seeds

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1124564A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-19 陈建三 Hybrid vigor fixing breeding process for rice apomixis

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CN1124564A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-19 陈建三 Hybrid vigor fixing breeding process for rice apomixis

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423768A (en) * 2019-07-02 2019-11-08 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Pass through the method for the fixed rice heterosis of adventitious embryo mode
CN110423768B (en) * 2019-07-02 2023-06-13 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for fixing rice heterosis by adventitious embryo mode
CN111919743A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-11-13 蒋廉斌 Cultivation method and application of apomixis white villus rice seeds

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