CN107894284A - A kind of infrared camera wave band comparative approach of combination detection efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of infrared camera wave band comparative approach of combination detection efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN107894284A CN107894284A CN201711000162.5A CN201711000162A CN107894284A CN 107894284 A CN107894284 A CN 107894284A CN 201711000162 A CN201711000162 A CN 201711000162A CN 107894284 A CN107894284 A CN 107894284A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Space-based Surveillance camera wave band comparative approach of combination detection efficiency.The realization of method comprises the following steps：First, infrared radiation characteristics and the atmospheric background radiation characteristic are emulated；2nd, carry out target with reference to the optical system and parameter detector actually used and Electronic number calculates；3rd, detection interference electron number is carried out with reference to detector performance to calculate；4th, the detection effectiveness parameters under different-waveband, the reference frame as waveband selection are calculated.The present invention is undertakes the method that the Space-based Surveillance detection system waveband selection of particular task provides system, and this method is not only brought into close contact engineering practice, and evaluation index can quantify, and the design for Space-based Surveillance detection system wave band provides reference frame.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to infrared acquisition field, is related to a kind of combination detector performance and the infrared camera of target background characteristic
Wave band comparative approach, the selection design of the wave band in being designed applied to infrared detector.
Background technology
During detection system designs, waveband selection has significant effect for detection performance, determines to a certain extent
Can detection system be determined find target in time, and realization of goal is persistently tracked.Suitable detecting band should suppress
Prominent detection target, influence factor therein include target background emittance, atmospheric effect, image optics on the basis of background
System and detector influence.Do not have authoritative model and unified evaluation criteria, usual institute in terms of moment detector waveband selection
The method used is atmospheric transmittance, the backs on the basis of with reference to external identical function satellite band for wave band
Analyzed with background emission rate, binding analysis result makes the selection of detecting band.Common method has two shortcomings at present, and one
It is to only account for target background characteristic during wave band analysis, does not account for the detection employed in specific Project Realization
The performance of device；Second, simply distribution considers the influence of each factor when influence factor is considered, without by shadow
The factor of sound combines comprehensive analysis.The present invention solves the two problems, establishes combining target background characteristics and detector
The detection efficiency computation model of performance, synthesis, quantification reference frame is provided for waveband selection.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to establish the detection effectiveness models for considering that target background influences and detector performance influences, and is made up
Existing method does not consider the shortcomings that Project Realization and influence factor interphase interaction, is provided for the design of IRDS wave band
A kind of comparative approach of quantification.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
1st, target and background simulation are detected
Infrared radiation characteristics are emulated first, by inquire about documents and materials or actual measurement obtain target temperature and
Emissivity, computer sim- ulation is carried out to its spectral radiance using Planck law, obtains It(λ)；
It is high to input lower interface temperature, reflectivity, height of observation, background using Modtran result of calculation for the emulation of background
Degree, solar zenith angle, export atmospheric transmittance τ under different wave lengtha(λ), background radiance Lbk(λ), air path spoke brightness Lph
(λ), Multiple Scattering spoke brightness Lscat(λ)；
2nd, the signal electron number of target and background is calculated
Target electronic number calculating method is as follows：The caused electron number S of goal pels under certain wave band Δ λt(Δ λ) is
Wherein, λ1, λ2For wave band start-stop wavelength, tintFor the time of integration, η is the average quantum efficiency of detector, and h is Planck
Constant, c are the light velocity, φtarget_pixel(Δ λ) is the gross energy that goal pels receive under certain wave band Δ λ
φ in formulatarget(λ) is point target radiation into camera entrance pupil and reaches the spectral radiant flux on pixel,
φback_target(λ) be goal pels in background spectral radiant flux, φfk_target(λ) is target location at observation station
Atmospheric spectral radiant flux, is respectively calculated, and method is as follows：
Point target radiation is into camera entrance pupil and reaches the spectral radiant flux φ on pixeltarget(λ) is
R=H-h
τ0For transmissivity of optical system, τa(λ) is atmospheric spectral transmittance, ADFor entrance pupil area, R is observed range, and H is
Observation station height, h is object height, and n is target imaging member number on focal plane；The spectral radiance of background is led in goal pels
Measure φback_target(λ) is：
As=Nd2
Wherein, AtThe size being imaged for target on focal plane, AsFor all pixel gross areas, Ω on focal planeIFOV
For instantaneous field of view's solid angle, AtargetFor target area, N is pixel sum, and d is pixel centre-to-centre spacing, and f is focal length, and FF is detector
Fill factor, curve factor；Atmospheric spectral radiant flux φ of the target location at observation stationfk_target(λ) is
Electronic number calculating method is as follows：Background caused electron number S on the detector under certain wave band Δ λb(Δ λ) is
Wherein, φback(Δ λ) is background radiation flux under certain wave band Δ λ
φback(λ) is the spectral radiant flux that background introduces on single pixel
φback(λ)=Lbk(λ)τoADΩIFOV
3rd, detection interference electron number is calculated
Clutter is in electron number σ caused by the wave bandz(Δ λ) is
Wherein, Φzb(Δ λ) is the radiation flux of clutter, and computational methods are as follows：
Φzb(Δ λ)=(φph(Δλ)+φback(Δλ)+φscat(Δ λ)) × 10%
φ in formulaph(Δ λ) is air path radiation flux, φscat(Δ λ) is Multiple Scattering radiation flux.
4th, detection effectiveness parameters are calculated
Bring result above into calculating detection effectiveness parameters SNRP
Wherein, σs、σd、σrRespectively instrumental background noise, dark current noise and reading noise, can be by for specific
The estimation of detector or inquiry related data obtain；The bigger target that represents of SNRP value is more easily found, and current band is more suitable
Share the detection in this target；
Detector waveband selection for undertaking M kind target acquisition tasks, then calculate average detection effectiveness parameters
Wherein, SNRP '1、SNRP′2、…SNRP′MThe respectively normalization detection effectiveness parameters of M kinds target；Value
The bigger detection for representing current band and being more suitable for this M kind target.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the infrared camera wave band comparative approach block diagram for combining detection efficiency；
Fig. 2 is the target optical spectrum schematic diagram of emulation；
Fig. 3 is emulation through atmospheric attenuation rear backdrop spectral schematic；
Fig. 4 is the detection effectiveness parameters comparison diagram of two wave bands.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto, it is every to this
Inventive technique scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should cover
In protection scope of the present invention.
Below by taking certain aircraft target following waveband selection as an example illustration method embodiment.Consideration is contrasted
Two long wave bands of selection are respectively 8~12 μm and 8~10 μm.
1st, target and background simulation
Certain target temperature in flight course elapses gradual reduction over time, takes the exemplary operation state temperature to be about
590K, emissivity are about 1, are emulated using planck formula, as a result as shown in Figure 2.
Because extra large background is the main background of detection, background simulation is then chosen extra large background and calculated.According to the data whole world
Sea mean temperature is about 290K, emissivity 0.9 or so, carries out simulation calculation using atmospheric transfer model Modtran, obtains sea
Target optical spectrum spoke brightness of the background after atmospheric radiative transfer is decayed, as shown in Figure 3.In addition, Modtran also outputs it
The result of calculation of his influence factor, wherein including atmospheric transmittance τa(λ), atmospheric radiation spoke brightness Lph(λ) and Multiple Scattering spoke
Brightness Lscat(λ)。
2nd, signal electron number is calculated
First have to the parameter of detector clearly used in the waveband selection, including Entry pupil diameters AD, optical system it is average
Transmitance τo, focal length f, pixel centre-to-centre spacing d, time of integration tint, detector fill factor, curve factor FF, detective quantum efficiency η, then
Signal electron number is calculated.The spectral radiance that target arrival goal pels can be calculated by the radiation intensity of target is led to
Amount
Spectral radiant flux of the background in goal pels can be calculated by the brightness of background spectrum spoke
As=Nd2
Similarly calculating atmospheric spectral radiant flux of the target location at observation station is
Obtain the spectral radiant flux of goal pels
φtarget_pixel(λ)=φtarget(λ)+φback_target(λ)+φfk_target(λ)
The electron number of goal pels can then be calculated after integration
Backdrop pels radiation flux is calculated by background radiance
φback(λ)=Lbk(λ)τo(λ)ADΩIFOV
The electron number of backdrop pels can then be calculated after integration
3rd, detection interference electron number calculates
Clutter considers surface radiation disturbance, Multiple Scattering disturbance and atmospheric radiation disturbance, according to Modtran result of calculation
This three radiation fluxes are tried to achieve respectively, take the 10% of its width flux to be disturbed as clutter, radiation flux caused by clutter is estimated as
Φzb(Δ λ)=(φph(Δλ)+φback(Δλ)+φscat(Δ λ)) × 10%
Clutter produces electron number
Noise of detector is related to the detector performance of selected use, can be obtained by consulting related data or real
Border measurement obtains.
4th, Effectiveness Comparison analysis is detected
It is calculated under a certain wave band and detects effectiveness parameters
SNRP, which is carried out, here according to the several typical detection ranges of detection range excursion selection calculates analysis, 8~12 μ
The detection effectiveness parameters of m wave bands and 8~10 mu m wavebands are as shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from the figure under different detection ranges, 8~
12 μm of detection effectiveness parameters are above 8~10 μm, and 8~12 μm are the preferred probing wave for being directed in two wave bands specific objective
Section.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of infrared camera wave band comparative approach of combination detection efficiency, it is characterised in that method and step is as follows：
1) target and background simulation are detected
Infrared radiation characteristics are emulated first, temperature and the transmitting of target are obtained by inquiring about documents and materials or actual measurement
Rate, computer sim- ulation is carried out to its spectral radiance using Planck law, obtains It(λ)；
The emulation of background using Modtran result of calculation, input lower interface temperature, reflectivity, height of observation, background height,
Solar zenith angle, export atmospheric transmittance τ under different wave lengtha(λ), background radiance Lbk(λ), air path spoke brightness Lph(λ)、
Multiple Scattering spoke brightness Lscat(λ)；
2) the signal electron number of target and background is calculated
Target electronic number calculating method is as follows：The caused electron number S of goal pels under certain wave band Δ λt(Δ λ) is
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
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<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
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<mi>&eta;</mi>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>arg</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>_</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
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</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
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</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, λ1, λ2For wave band start-stop wavelength, tintFor the time of integration, η is the average quantum efficiency of detector, and h is that Planck is normal
Amount, c are the light velocity, φtarget_pixel(Δ λ) is the gross energy that goal pels receive under certain wave band Δ λ:
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>arg</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mi>p</mi>
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</mrow>
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<mrow>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mo>&Integral;</mo>
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<mn>1</mn>
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φ in formulatarget(λ) is point target radiation into camera entrance pupil and reaches the spectral radiant flux on pixel, φback_target
(λ) be goal pels in background spectral radiant flux, φfk_target(λ) is that target location is atmospheric at observation station
Spectral radiant flux, it is respectively calculated, method is as follows：
Point target radiation is into camera entrance pupil and reaches the spectral radiant flux φ on pixeltarget(λ) is：
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R=H-h
τ0For transmissivity of optical system, τa(λ) is atmospheric spectral transmittance, ADFor entrance pupil area, R is observed range, and H is observation
Point height, h is object height, and n is target imaging member number on focal plane；The spectral radiant flux of background in goal pels
φback_target(λ) is：
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Wherein, AtThe size being imaged for target on focal plane, AsFor all pixel gross areas, Ω on focal planeIFOVFor wink
When field stereo angle, AtargetFor target area, N is pixel sum, and d is pixel centre-to-centre spacing, and f is focal length, and FF fills for detector
The factor；Atmospheric spectral radiant flux φ of the target location at observation stationfk_target(λ) is:
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Electronic number calculating method is as follows：Background caused electron number S on the detector under certain wave band Δ λb(Δ λ) is：
<mrow>
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<mi>S</mi>
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</msub>
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Wherein, φback(Δ λ) is background radiation flux under certain wave band Δ λ,
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φback(λ) is the spectral radiant flux that background introduces on single pixel；
φback(λ)=Lbk(λ)τoADΩIFOV；
3) detection interference electron number is calculated：
Clutter is in electron number σ caused by the wave bandz(Δ λ) is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, Φzb(Δ λ) is the radiation flux of clutter, and computational methods are as follows：
Φzb(Δ λ)=(φph(Δλ)+φback(Δλ)+φscat(Δ λ)) × 10%
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&tau;</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&Omega;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&tau;</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&Omega;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
</mrow>
φ in formulaph(Δ λ) is air path radiation flux, φscat(Δ λ) is Multiple Scattering radiation flux；
4) detection effectiveness parameters are calculated
Bring result above into calculating detection effectiveness parameters SNRP
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>b</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>b</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, σs、σd、σrRespectively instrumental background noise, dark current noise and reading noise, can be by for specific detection
The estimation of device or inquiry related data obtain；The bigger target that represents of SNRP value is more easily found, the more suitable use of current band
In the detection of this target；
Detector waveband selection for undertaking M kind target acquisition tasks, then calculate average detection effectiveness parameters
<mrow>
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>SNRP</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>SNRP</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>...</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>SNRP</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>/</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mrow>
Wherein, SNRP1′、SNRP2′、…SNRP′MThe respectively normalization detection effectiveness parameters of M kinds target；Value is bigger
Represent the detection that current band is more suitable for this M kind target.
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