CN107892967A - 一种甘蔗渣燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种甘蔗渣燃料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107892967A
CN107892967A CN201710931433.2A CN201710931433A CN107892967A CN 107892967 A CN107892967 A CN 107892967A CN 201710931433 A CN201710931433 A CN 201710931433A CN 107892967 A CN107892967 A CN 107892967A
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刘志和
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Lixin County Yi Anxin Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种甘蔗渣燃料及其制备方法，具体涉及新能源领域，该甘蔗渣燃料以甘蔗渣为主原料，并添加地沟油和疏松剂，先采用磷酸酸处理，机械球磨处理和纤维素酶解相结合的方法，对甘蔗渣进行处理，再进行干燥，压制成型，冷却制得甘蔗渣燃料，此方法制备的甘蔗渣燃料具有环保，燃烧洁净，添加地沟油具有提高燃烧能和助燃的功能，添加的疏松剂，具有防止甘蔗渣燃烧块结，提升燃烧效率的作用。

Description

一种甘蔗渣燃料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种甘蔗渣燃料及其制备方法。
背景技术
发展生物质能源已成为减少环境污染、缓解能源供需矛盾的重要途径。依据来源的不同，可以将适合于能源利用的生物质分为林业资源、农业资源、生活污水和工业有机废水、城市固体废物和畜禽粪便等五大类。生物质能源具有可再生性、低污染性、广泛分布性、总量丰富性等特点。甘蔗渣是制糖工业的主要废弃物，也是一种重要的可再生生物质原料，生物质颗粒燃料是生物质固体形态的能源化利用方式，也是生物质能源化利用最简单、最直接的途径之一。利用机械力将生物质压缩或挤压成为容积密度较大、热效率较高、便于运输和储藏的固体成型燃料，其容积密度可以提高到原来的10倍以上，形状和尺寸统一，使用方便，易于燃烧，是煤和薪柴优秀的替代燃料。关于生物质燃料的报道也层出不穷，如中国专利公开号CN105542893A采用食草性动物粪便，农业废弃物，地沟油，氧化钙，硫酸钙，丙酸，高岭土，硅藻土，膨润土，过氧化钙，氢氧化铝，丙二醇，聚乙烯醇，增氧剂，抗震防爆剂，助燃剂，疏松剂制备了具有燃烧无有害气体的生物质燃料，中国专利公开号CN103666623A采用秸秆粉、花生壳及木粉采用机械加工直接成型的方法，制备了具有高热值生物质燃料，但目前甘蔗渣燃料存在的问题主要是对甘蔗渣的处理，甘蔗渣既不溶于水，也不溶于有机溶剂，加热也不能熔化，一般酸，碱处理易造成水污染，单独的酶解成本高，且甘蔗渣燃烧后的产物易块结，造成燃烧炉的堵塞，且燃烧效率低。
发明内容
根据以上现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出一种洁净，燃烧率高的甘蔗渣燃料为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种甘蔗渣燃料，，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油30-40份，疏松剂15-20份。
优选的，一种甘蔗渣燃料，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油40份，疏松剂20份。
优选的，所述改性甘蔗渣为采用物理球磨法用氯化锌对甘蔗渣改性，氯化锌的用量是甘蔗渣重量的15-20％，提高酶解效率。
优选的，所述地沟油为浓缩固体，粘度为15-20Mpa.s，有利于甘蔗渣的研制成型。
优选的，所述疏松剂为蛭石、沸石、硅藻土及凹凸棒土中的至少两种，粒径100-200目；防止甘蔗渣燃烧的块结，提高甘蔗渣的燃烧效率。
一种甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：按上述重量份称取各成分，将甘蔗渣经过酸预处理，粉碎至粒径1-2mm后，和氯化锌进行球磨改性，纤维素酶水解，然后干燥至水分含量不超过10％，最后加入地沟油和疏松剂高速分散20-30min，压制成型，冷却，得甘蔗渣燃料。
优选的，其特征在于，酸处理的溶剂是磷酸，浓度为3-7％，温度120-130℃，时间10min。
优选的，所述球磨的转速为800-1200r/min；所述高速分散转速为1000-1200r/min。
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果是:
1.本发明采用磷酸酸处理，机械球磨处理和酶解相结合的方法，对甘蔗渣进行处理，降低了单独处理的成本和对环境的污染问题，且磷酸处理后，用NaOH中和水解产物之后，形成的磷酸钠可以保留在水解产物中，作为微生物的营养物，有利于酶解的进行。
2.本发明采用氯化锌对甘蔗渣改性，具有促进酶解的进行，添加的疏松剂具有防止甘蔗渣燃烧的块结，促进燃烧效率，且燃烧后的灰尘作为肥料有调节土壤结构作用，提高了甘蔗渣的利用效率。
具体实施方式
下面通过对实施例的描述，作进一步详细的说明，以帮助本领域技术人员对本发明的发明构思、技术方案有更完整、准确和深入的理解。
实施例1
本实施例中一种甘蔗渣燃料，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油40份，疏松剂20份。
一种甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：按重量份称取各成分，将100份的甘蔗渣在浓度为6％的磷酸中，在温度125℃，酸处理时间10min，晾至含水量为40％后，进行粉碎，粒径1mm，然后将粉碎后的甘蔗渣和20份的氯化锌在转速1000r/min进行球磨改性，然后加入到纤维素酶水溶液中进行10min酶水解，温度保持在30℃，然后将水解甘蔗渣鼓风干燥至水分含量10％，最后加入40份地沟油和20份150目由硅藻土、沸石及凹凸棒土混合的疏松剂在转速1000r/min高速分散25min，在压力30Mpa下压制30min，成型，在压力5Mpa下自然冷却，得甘蔗渣燃料。
实施例2
本实施例甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法同实施例1，不同的是甘蔗渣燃料，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油30份，疏松剂15份。
实施例3
本实施例同实施例1，不同的是疏松剂由相同质量的蛭石、沸石、硅藻土及凹凸棒土混合而成，粒径200目。
对实施例1-3的甘蔗渣燃料进行物理性能测试，结果如下：经检测燃烧温度发现，实施例1-3制备的甘蔗渣燃料的燃烧温度可达1310-1360℃，普通的燃料燃烧温度在930℃，燃烧温度提升30％左右，检测燃烧热值实施例1-3制备的甘蔗渣燃料的热值为4700-5100千卡/千克，每吨甘蔗渣燃料燃烧相当于0.6吨标准煤，且在燃烧的过程中未有造成PM2.5的烟尘。
上面结合具体实施例对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种甘蔗渣燃料，其特征在于，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油30-40份，疏松剂15-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甘蔗渣燃料，其特征在于，由如下重量份成分组成：改性甘蔗渣100份，地沟油40份，疏松剂20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的甘蔗渣燃料，其特征在于，所述改性甘蔗渣为采用物理球磨法用氯化锌对甘蔗渣改性，氯化锌的用量是甘蔗渣重量的15-20％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的甘蔗渣燃料，其特征在于，所述地沟油为浓缩固体，粘度为15-20Mpa.s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的甘蔗渣燃料，其特征在于，所述疏松剂为蛭石、沸石、硅藻土及凹凸棒土中的至少两种，粒径100-200目。
6.一种权利1-5任一项所述的甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：按上述重量份称取各成分，将甘蔗渣经过酸预处理，粉碎至粒径1-2mm后，和氯化锌进行球磨改性，纤维素酶水解，然后干燥至水分含量不超过10％，最后加入地沟油和疏松剂高速分散20-30min，压制成型，冷却，得甘蔗渣燃料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，酸处理的溶剂是磷酸，浓度为3-7％，温度120-130℃，时间10min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的甘蔗渣燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述球磨的转速为800-1200r/min；所述高速分散转速为1000-1200r/min。
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