CN107815333A - 一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107815333A
CN107815333A CN201711267929.0A CN201711267929A CN107815333A CN 107815333 A CN107815333 A CN 107815333A CN 201711267929 A CN201711267929 A CN 201711267929A CN 107815333 A CN107815333 A CN 107815333A
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granular fuel
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许文秋
孟祥宏
申百会
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Gongzhuling Shengli Huifeng Farmers' Professional Cooperative
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    • C10L2290/32Molding or moulds
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Abstract

本发明公开一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法。本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料由以下重量份数的各原料制成:玉米秸秆40~50份、水稻秸秆8~15份、杏仁壳5~10份、玉米芯10~20份、松木皮5~10份、助燃剂3~6份、粘合剂4~7份和硅藻土2~5份。本发明还具体公开了上述环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法。本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料发热量大、纯度高、没有污染,利于生态环境的建设;粘结度好,具有适用范围广、容易成型、生产效率高的优点,便于运输和储存。

Description

一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃料技术领域。更具体地,涉及一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物质燃料是指将生物质材料燃烧作为燃料,一般主要是秸秆、锯末、甘蔗渣、稻糠等农林废弃物。目前,国家政策和环保标准中,直接燃烧生物质属于高污染燃料,只在农村的大灶中使用,不允许在城市中使用。生物质燃料的应用,实际主要是生物质成型燃料(BiomassMouldingFuel,简称"BMF"),是将农林废物作为原材料,经过粉碎、混合、挤压、烘干等工艺,制成各种成型(如块状、颗粒状等)的,可直接燃烧的一种新型清洁燃料。
根据瑞典的以及欧盟的生物质颗粒分类标准,若以其中间分类值为例,则可以将生物质颗粒大致上描述为以下特性:生物质颗粒的直径一般为6~8毫米,长度为其直径的4~5倍,破碎率小于1.5%~2.0%,干基含水量小于10%~15%,灰分含量小于1.5%,硫含量和氯含量均小于0.07%,氮含量小于0.5%。
中国是一个农业大国,每年可生产作物秸杆6亿多吨,大量的剩余秸杆是放火烧掉或自然烂掉,即浪费了大量的自然资料,又污染了环境,影响交通、民航和容易带来火灾。利用秸杆这一生物质资源,制成可以燃烧的秸杆颗粒燃料,通过高科技生物质能转换技术,使其脱开几千年古老的低值的燃烧方式,一跃成为高效洁净的高燃烧值的好燃料,足以代替木材、煤炭等,用来发电、采暖,减少对矿物质能源的依赖,提高玉米秸杆资源的利用率,以减轻矿物质能源消耗给环境造成的污染。同时还可以用秸杆燃料剩余物草木灰加工有机肥,形成产业闭环,产生一定的利润。
近年来,以林木废弃物、秸杆制成的生物质颗粒燃料存在着燃烧时间短,热量不高的缺陷,急需进一步研究,以便推广使用。因此,需要提供一种新的生物质燃料,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种工艺简单、具有低成本、发热量大、纯度高的环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种上述环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
本发明提供了一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料,由以下重量份数的各原料制成:
玉米秸杆40~50份、水稻秸杆8~15份、杏仁壳5~10份、玉米芯10~20份、松木皮5~10份、助燃剂3~6份、粘合剂4~7份和硅藻土2~5份。
进一步,所述助燃剂为向日葵油。
进一步,所述粘合剂为糯米粉。
本发明进一步还提供了上述环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、玉米芯、松木皮进行粉碎;
2)搅拌:将粉碎后的物料加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为15~25%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
进一步,所述粉碎后的物料的粒度为5~7mm。
进一步,所述挤压造粒为压制成直径为5~10mm、长度为3~5cm的颗粒。
进一步,所述环保型生物质颗粒燃料的含炭量为80~90%,灰分为0.3~0.5%,含水率为2~4%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料发热量大、纯度高、没有污染,利于生态环境的建设。
2、本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料粘结度好,具有适用范围广、容易成型、生产效率高的优点,便于运输和储存。
3、本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料从根本上解决农村废料利用率低的问题,变废为宝,将农作物秸秆等废弃物变成燃料,燃料燃烧时间长,燃烧充分,即节约了能源,又保护了环境,是一种低成本、高热值的环保能源产品。
4、本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料添加了硅藻土可以减少沉积物中水溶性K和CI的含量,进而减轻秸杆燃烧过程中的结渣腐蚀。
5、本发明环保型生物质颗粒燃料剩余物草木灰可进一步加工有机肥,形成产业闭环,产生一定的利润。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料
1、称取如下各原料:
玉米秸杆40kg、水稻秸杆8kg、杏仁壳5kg、玉米芯10kg、松木皮5kg、向日葵油3kg、糯米粉4kg和硅藻土2kg。
2、环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、玉米芯、松木皮进行粉碎,粉碎后粒度为5mm;
2)搅拌:粉碎后的物料加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为15%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒,压制成直径为5mm、长度为3cm的颗粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
经测试,本实施例环保型生物质颗粒燃料发热量大,发热量在4900千卡左右;纯度高,不含其他不产生热量的杂物,其含炭量80%,灰分0.5%,含水率为4%。
实施例2一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料
1、称取如下各原料:
玉米秸杆50kg、水稻秸杆15kg、杏仁壳10kg、玉米芯20kg、松木皮10kg、向日葵油6kg、糯米粉7kg和硅藻土5kg。
2、环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、玉米芯、松木皮进行粉碎,粉碎后粒度为7mm;
2)搅拌:粉碎后的物料并加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为25%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒,压制成直径为10mm、长度为5cm的颗粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
经测试,本实施例环保型生物质颗粒燃料发热量大,发热量在5200千卡左右;纯度高,不含其他不产生热量的杂物,其含炭量85%,灰分0.3%,含水率为2%。
实施例3一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料
1、称取如下各原料:
玉米秸杆45kg、水稻秸杆12kg、杏仁壳7kg、玉米芯15kg、松木皮7kg、向日葵油4kg、糯米粉5kg和硅藻土4kg。
2、环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、玉米芯、松木皮进行粉碎,粉碎后粒度为6mm;
2)搅拌:粉碎后的物料并加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为20%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒,压制成直径为7mm、长度为4cm的颗粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
经测试,本实施例环保型生物质颗粒燃料发热量大,发热量在5700千卡左右;纯度高,不含其他不产生热量的杂物,其含炭量90%,灰分0.4%,含水率3%。
对比例一种生物质颗粒燃料
1、称取如下各原料:
玉米秸杆45kg、水稻秸杆12kg、杏仁壳7kg、松木皮7kg、向日葵油4kg、糯米粉5kg和硅藻土4kg。
2、生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、松木皮进行粉碎,粉碎成6mm;
2)搅拌:粉碎后的物料并加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为20%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒,压制成直径为7mm、长度为4cm的颗粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
经测试,本对比例的生物质颗粒燃料发热量在3000千卡左右,含炭量45%,灰分7%,含水率9%。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (7)

1.一种环保型生物质颗粒燃料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的各原料制成:
玉米秸杆40~50份、水稻秸杆8~15份、杏仁壳5~10份、玉米芯10~20份、松木皮5~10份、助燃剂3~6份、粘合剂4~7份和硅藻土2~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型生物质颗粒燃料,其特征在于,所述助燃剂为向日葵油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型生物质颗粒燃料,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为糯米粉。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的环保型生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)粉碎:将玉米秸杆、水稻秸杆、杏仁壳、玉米芯、松木皮进行粉碎;
2)搅拌:将粉碎后的物料加入助燃剂、粘合剂、硅藻土搅拌混匀,控制含水率为15~25%;
3)造粒:将混匀后的物料挤压造粒;
4)干燥:将挤压造粒后得到的物料进行干燥,得到环保型生物质颗粒燃料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉碎后的物料的粒度为5~7mm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述挤压造粒为压制成直径为5~10mm、长度为3~5cm的颗粒。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述环保型生物质颗粒燃料的含炭量为80~90%,灰分为0.3~0.5%,含水率为2~4%。
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