CN107892959B

CN107892959B - Vanadium inhibitor, preparation method of vanadium inhibitor, vanadium-inhibiting composition and application thereof, and preparation method of vanadium-inhibiting composition

Info

Publication number: CN107892959B
Application number: CN201710993652.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 严斌; 刘影; 熊靓
Original assignee: Ningbo Guangchang Daxin Materials Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Guangchangda Petroleum Additive Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-10-23
Filing date: 2017-10-23
Publication date: 2020-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2037-10-23
Also published as: CN107892959A

Abstract

The invention relates to a vanadium inhibitor, a preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor, a vanadium inhibiting composition and application thereof, and a preparation method of the vanadium inhibiting composition.

Description

Vanadium inhibitor, preparation method of vanadium inhibitor, vanadium-inhibiting composition and application thereof, and preparation method of vanadium-inhibiting composition

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fuel additives, in particular to a vanadium inhibitor, a preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor, a vanadium inhibiting composition and application thereof, and a preparation method of the vanadium inhibiting composition.

Background

In order to reduce the production cost, many enterprises at home and abroad generally adopt crude oil or heavy oil with low price and a large amount of impurities as fuel oil, but the fuel oil contains a large amount of impurity elements, such as vanadium, nickel, sodium, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and the like, the impurity elements can seriously corrode production equipment, particularly vanadium pentoxide with a low melting point is generated in the combustion process of the vanadium, the serious molten salt corrosion can be caused to the production equipment, the normal operation of the equipment is seriously influenced, the production efficiency of the enterprises is further influenced, even serious production accidents can be caused, and simultaneously, the vanadium pentoxide has toxicity and can also cause pollution to the environment.

Currently, magnesium compounds are mainly used industrially to suppress corrosion caused by impurity elements such as vanadium in fuel oil. However, because the magnesium compound has strong hydrolyzability, the fuel oil contains a certain amount of water to a greater or lesser extent, and some water can also permeate into the fuel oil during the transportation and use of the vanadium inhibitor, so that the magnesium compound generates solid precipitates due to hydrolysis reaction, thereby causing equipment blockage and seriously affecting the normal use of the device. Some studies utilize modified magnesium salts, such as converting magnesium compounds into basic magnesium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or using magnesium salts with small particle size, which can alleviate the problem of magnesium salt hydrolysis to some extent, but the use conditions of the modified magnesium salts obtained by these methods are harsh and cannot meet the actual production requirements. Meanwhile, the solubility of the modified magnesium salt obtained in the modes in the fuel oil is low, so that the decomposition rate of the modified magnesium salt is low, the decomposition conditions are harsh, the production requirement can be met only by increasing the using amount of the modified magnesium salt, the production cost is increased, the ash content of the fuel is increased due to the modified magnesium salt which cannot be completely decomposed, equipment blockage is easily caused, the normal use of the equipment is influenced, and production accidents can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the vanadium inhibitor with good oil solubility and strong hydrolysis resistance and the preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor are necessarily provided.

In addition, the vanadium-inhibiting composition and the application thereof and the preparation method of the vanadium-inhibiting composition are provided.

The vanadium inhibitor comprises an active center and a coating layer, wherein the active center comprises nano magnesium oxide, the coating layer comprises maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, and the coating layer and the active center are connected through an ester bond.

The polar carboxylic acid group in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin of the vanadium inhibitor and the nano-magnesium oxide of the active center form a firm double-tooth ester bond, so that the hydrolysis resistance of the nano-magnesium oxide is improved, and the stability of the vanadium inhibitor is further improved.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is 1: 0.3-1: 0.7, and the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is 90-99%.

In one embodiment, the vanadium inhibitor further comprises a dispersant, and the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the dispersant is 1: 0.01-1: 0.1.

in one embodiment, the dispersant is selected from at least one of a terpene resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin.

In one embodiment, α -olefin in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is selected from at least one of α -olefin with carbon chain length of 8-36.

In one embodiment, α -olefin in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is selected from at least one of α -olefin with carbon chain length of 12-24.

A preparation method of a vanadium inhibitor comprises the following steps of carrying out microwave reaction on a precursor of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and nano magnesium oxide at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes to obtain the vanadium inhibitor, wherein the precursor is selected from at least one of active magnesium oxide, light magnesium oxide and active magnesium hydroxide.

In one embodiment, before the step of performing microwave reaction on the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the precursor of the nano magnesium oxide at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, the method further comprises an operation of preparing the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, specifically, α -olefin, maleic anhydride and an organic solvent are mixed and then react at 140-200 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, wherein the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride to the α -olefin is 1: 1.2-1: 5.1.

In one embodiment, the preparation of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere and/or,

the organic solvent is at least one selected from trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, heavy aromatics, synthetic oil and mineral oil.

In one embodiment, the microwave reaction of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the precursor of the nano-magnesium oxide at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes comprises the step of performing microwave reaction of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, the precursor, a dispersing agent and an alcohol at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium element in the precursor, the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the dispersing agent is 0.6: 0.3: 0.01-0.6: 0.7: 0.1, and the alcohol is at least one selected from monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols containing 1-3 carbon atoms.

A vanadium inhibiting composition comprises the vanadium inhibitor and a viscosity index improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the viscosity index improver in the vanadium inhibitor is 1: 0.005-1: 0.05.

in one embodiment, the viscosity index improver is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tri-ester of orthobenzoic acid, a tri-ester of orthoformic acid, an oxazolidine derivative, and p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,

the particle size distribution of the vanadium inhibiting composition is 50 nm-1000 nm; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,

the mass percentage of magnesium in the vanadium-inhibiting composition is 20-35%.

The use of a vanadium-suppressing composition as described in any of the above embodiments in fuel oil.

A preparation method of a vanadium-inhibiting composition comprises the following steps:

preparing a vanadium inhibitor by adopting the preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor in any one of the above embodiments; and

and mixing the vanadium inhibitor with a viscosity index improver to obtain the vanadium inhibiting composition.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

One embodiment of the vanadium-inhibiting composition includes a vanadium inhibitor and a viscosity index improver. The vanadium-inhibiting composition can be applied to fuel oil to inhibit corrosion of combustion products of elements such as vanadium, nickel, sodium, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and the like in the fuel oil to equipment and pollution to the environment, so that the operation efficiency of the equipment and the safety production of factories are ensured.

The vanadium inhibitor is a functional component of the vanadium inhibiting composition, can inhibit elements such as vanadium, nickel, sodium, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and the like and combustion products of the elements from corroding equipment and polluting the environment, and further ensures the operating efficiency of the equipment and the safe production of factories. The vanadium inhibitor comprises an active center, a coating layer, a dispersant and an organic solvent, wherein the coating layer is connected with the active center through ester bonds.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the active center to the coating layer is 1: 0.3-1: 0.7.

the active center is used as a functional component of the vanadium inhibitor and comprises nano magnesium oxide. The nano magnesium oxide can react with elements such as vanadium, nickel, sodium, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and the like, so that corrosion of combustion products of the elements such as vanadium, nickel, sodium, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen and the like to equipment and pollution to the environment are inhibited, and finally the operation efficiency of the equipment and the safety production of factories are ensured.

In one embodiment, the nano magnesium oxide precursor is selected from at least one of active magnesium oxide, light magnesium oxide and active magnesium hydroxide.

The coating layer is used for increasing the solubility and the water stability of the nano magnesium oxide in fuel oil, so that the oil solubility and the hydrolysis resistance of the vanadium inhibitor are enhanced, and the coating layer comprises maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, wherein the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is connected with the nano magnesium oxide of an active center through ester bonds.

In one embodiment, the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin grafting ratio is 90% to 99%.

Preferably, α -olefin of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is at least one selected from α -olefin with carbon chain length of 12-24.

Further preferably, the α -olefin of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is selected from at least one of hexadecene-1, octadecene-1 and eicosene-1 and.

The dispersant can inhibit the self-polymerization of the vanadium inhibitor and increase the dispersibility of the vanadium inhibitor.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the nano magnesium oxide is 0.01: 1-0.1: 1. of course, the mass ratio of the dispersant to the nano-magnesia is not limited to the above-mentioned range, and may be adjusted according to actual needs.

In one embodiment, the dispersant is selected from at least one of a terpene resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin. Of course, the dispersant is not limited to the above-mentioned substances, and may be other substances as long as the self-polymerization of the vanadium inhibitor is inhibited and the dispersibility of the vanadium inhibitor is increased. Of course, if the dispersibility of the vanadium inhibitor can meet the actual requirement without the dispersant, the dispersant may be omitted.

Preferably, the terpene resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of α -terpene resin and β -terpene resin.

Preferably, the epoxy resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ether type epoxy resins, bisphenol a type epoxy resins, glycidyl amine type epoxy resins, glycidyl ester type epoxy resins, linear aliphatic epoxy resins, and alicyclic epoxy resins.

Preferably, the acrylic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyacrylamide.

In one embodiment, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, heavy aromatics, synthetic oils, and mineral oils.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride to the organic solvent in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is 1: 25-1: 75.

Of course, it should be noted that if the fluidity of the nano-magnesia coated with maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin can meet the actual requirement, the organic solvent can be removed.

The viscosity index improver is used for improving the viscosity-temperature performance of the vanadium-inhibiting composition, so that the fuel containing the vanadium-inhibiting composition has better starting performance at low temperature, and the vanadium-inhibiting composition is convenient to store, transport and use.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the viscosity index improver to the nano magnesium oxide in the vanadium inhibitor is 0.005: 1-0.05: 1. of course, the mass ratio of the viscosity index improver to the nano-magnesia in the vanadium suppressing composition is not limited to the above range, and may be adjusted as needed.

In one embodiment, the viscosity index improver is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tri-orthobenzoate, a tri-orthoformate, an oxazolidine derivative, and p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate.

Preferably, the oxazolidine derivative is selected from at least one of 3-hydroxyethyl oxazolidine, N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine and 4, 4-dimethyl oxazolidine.

In one embodiment, the vanadium suppressing composition is a viscous liquid having a particle size of 50nm to 1000 nm.

Preferably, the particle size of the vanadium-inhibiting composition is from 100nm to 200 nm.

In one embodiment, the magnesium content in the vanadium-inhibiting composition is 20 to 35 percent by mass.

One embodiment of the vanadium-inhibiting composition has at least the following advantages:

(1) the vanadium inhibiting composition comprises a vanadium inhibitor, the vanadium inhibitor comprises an active center and a coating layer, a carboxylic acid group in maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin in the coating layer and nano-magnesium oxide of the active center form a firm double-tooth ester bond, the hydrolysis resistance of the nano-magnesium oxide is improved, the stability of the vanadium inhibitor is further improved, and the solubility of the nano-magnesium oxide in an organic solvent can be improved by a nonpolar long-chain hydrocarbon group in the coating layer, so that the water repellency and the oil solubility of the vanadium inhibitor are enhanced, and finally the vanadium inhibiting composition has stronger hydrolysis resistance and oil solubility.

(2) The vanadium inhibitor of the vanadium inhibiting composition also comprises a dispersant, which can inhibit the self-polymerization of the nano magnesium oxide of the vanadium inhibitor, increase the dispersibility of the vanadium inhibitor and further ensure the stability of the vanadium inhibiting composition.

(3) The vanadium-inhibiting composition also contains a viscosity index improver, so that the viscosity-temperature performance of the vanadium-inhibiting composition is improved, the fuel containing the vanadium-inhibiting composition has better starting performance at low temperature, and the vanadium-inhibiting composition is easy to store, transport and use.

(4) The vanadium-inhibiting composition has high magnesium content, small particle size and high activity, and can inhibit equipment corrosion by only adding a small amount of the vanadium-inhibiting composition into fuel oil, so that the use cost of the fuel oil is reduced; meanwhile, the content of magnesium oxide in the vanadium inhibiting composition is high, so that the vanadium inhibiting composition has a high base number, and can effectively prevent acidic substances generated during combustion from corroding equipment.

(5) The vanadium inhibiting composition has small particle size, enhances the wear resistance of the vanadium inhibiting composition, can lubricate parts of equipment, and prolongs the service life of the equipment.

Of course, it should be noted that the dispersant may be omitted if the dispersing properties and stability of the vanadium suppressing agent and vanadium suppressing composition are satisfactory for practical purposes.

The preparation method of the vanadium-inhibiting composition comprises the following steps:

step S110, maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is prepared.

In this embodiment, α -olefin, maleic anhydride and an organic solvent are mixed and reacted at 140 ℃ to 200 ℃ for 2 hours to 6 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride to the α -olefin is 1: 1.2-1: 5.1.

In one embodiment, the operation of step S110 is performed in a protective gas atmosphere, which prevents α -olefin from being oxidized.

Preferably, the protective gas is nitrogen, argon or other inert gas.

In one embodiment, the α -olefin is at least one selected from α -olefins with carbon chain lengths of 8-36.

Preferably, the α -olefin is at least one selected from α -olefin with a carbon chain length of 12-24.

Further preferably, the α -olefin of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is selected from at least one of hexadecene-1, octadecene-1 and eicosene-1.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of maleic anhydride to organic solvent is 1: 25-1: 75.

and step S120, mixing the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the precursor of the nano magnesium oxide, and reacting to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor.

In the embodiment, the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, the precursor, the dispersant and the alcohol are subjected to microwave reaction at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes to obtain the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the magnesium element, the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the dispersing agent in the precursor of the nano magnesium oxide added in the step S110 is 0.6: 0.3: 0.01-0.6: 0.7: 0.1.

In one embodiment, the precursor of the nano magnesium oxide is selected from at least one of active magnesium oxide, light magnesium oxide and active magnesium hydroxide.

In one embodiment, the dispersant is selected from at least one of a terpene resin, a succinic resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin.

In one embodiment, the alcohol is at least one selected from monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. By adding alcohol to the reaction system, the polarity of the reaction system can be enhanced, so that the reaction can be carried out more smoothly.

Preferably, the alcohol is selected from at least one of isopropanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, methanol and ethanol.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the precursor of the nano magnesium oxide to the alcohol is 1: 0.1-1: 0.5.

of course, it should be noted that the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin may also be obtained by purchasing or other synthetic means, as long as the purity of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is above 90%, and if the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin with a purity above 90% is obtained by purchasing or other synthetic means, step S110 may be omitted.

Of course, the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin can be directly reacted with the precursor of nano-magnesia, or the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin can be separated and purified to obtain maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, which is then reacted with a magnesium compound, or the concentration of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin in the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin can be adjusted and then reacted with the magnesium compound, as long as the mass ratio of the magnesium element in the precursor, the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin in the solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the dispersing agent is ensured to be 0.6: 0.3: 0.01-0.6: 0.7: 0.1.

Of course, the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor obtained in step S120 is concentrated to obtain the vanadium inhibitor. Of course, if a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor can meet the actual requirement, it can be used without concentration treatment. Of course, it should be noted that the concentration of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor can also be adjusted by concentration so as to make the concentration of the vanadium inhibitor reach the actual requirement.

Step S130: and mixing the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the viscosity index improver to obtain the vanadium inhibiting composition.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the viscosity index improver in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor is 1: 0.005-1: 0.05.

In one embodiment, the vanadium suppressing composition is a liquid and has a particle size distribution of 50nm to 1000 nm.

Preferably, the particle size distribution of the vanadium-inhibiting composition is from 100nm to 200 nm.

In one embodiment, the vanadium-inhibiting composition comprises 20-35% by weight of magnesium.

Of course, it should be noted that dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors may be mixed directly with the viscosity index improver; or purifying the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor to obtain the vanadium inhibitor, and mixing the vanadium inhibitor with the viscosity index improver; the concentration of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor can be adjusted and then mixed with the viscosity index improver; as long as the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor to the viscosity index improver is ensured to be adjusted to be 1: 0.005-1: 0.05 to obtain the product.

Of course, when the viscosity-temperature performance and the fluidity of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor can satisfy the actual requirements, step S130 is omitted.

Step S140: adjusting the magnesium content of the vanadium-inhibiting composition.

In one embodiment, the magnesium content of the vanadium-suppressing composition is adjusted by distillation under reduced pressure, rotary evaporation or freeze-drying.

Preferably, the manner of adjusting the magnesium content in the vanadium-inhibiting composition is distillation under reduced pressure. Of course, the method of adjusting the magnesium content of the vanadium suppressing composition is not limited to the above-described method, and other methods, such as vacuum drying, may be used as long as the magnesium content of the vanadium suppressing composition can be adjusted to a desired range.

In one embodiment, the vanadium-suppressing composition with the adjusted magnesium content is a viscous liquid, and the particle size distribution of the vanadium-suppressing composition with the adjusted magnesium content is 50nm to 1000 nm.

Preferably, the particle size distribution of the vanadium-inhibiting composition after adjusting the magnesium content is 100nm to 200 nm.

Of course, if the magnesium content in the vanadium suppressing composition obtained in step S130 can satisfy the actual requirement, the magnesium content in the vanadium suppressing composition does not need to be adjusted, and step S140 is omitted.

The preparation method of the vanadium-inhibiting composition at least has the following advantages:

the preparation method of the vanadium-inhibiting composition not only can prepare the vanadium-inhibiting composition with good oil solubility, strong hydrolysis resistance, good stability, high magnesium content and high activity, but also can prepare the vanadium-inhibiting composition with the particle size of 50 nm-1000 nm, has strong wear resistance, can lubricate parts of equipment and prolongs the service life of the equipment.

The following are specific examples:

the parts referred to in the following examples are parts by weight.

Example 1

The process for preparing the vanadium suppressing composition of this example is as follows:

(1) 23 parts of hexadecene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 380 parts of mixed trimethylbenzene (from Ningbo Guangchang New Material Co., Ltd.) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 140 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 5 parts of polymethacrylic acid, 75 parts of light magnesium oxide and 10 parts of ethanol are added into the obtained solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, stirred and reacted for 60 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 60 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 4 parts of p-methyl benzenesulfonyl isocyanate into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at 100-180 ℃ and 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium inhibitor composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 2

(1) 34 parts of tetracosene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 540 parts of mineral oil (from Doudar) were mixed under nitrogen and reacted at 200 ℃ for 3 hours to give a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) To the resulting maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution was added 8 parts of α -terpene resin, 80 parts of activated magnesium oxide and 35 parts of ethylene glycol, mixed and reacted under microwave conditions of 915MHz and 70 ℃ for 40 minutes to obtain a dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor, which was a light gray translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 5 parts of orthoformate into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at 80-150 ℃ and 100Pa for 1 hour to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 3

(1) 12 parts of octene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 250 parts of durene (from Ningbo Guangchang new materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under nitrogen and reacted at 180 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 4 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin, 105 parts of active magnesium hydroxide and 30 parts of ethanol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, mixed and reacted for 30 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 80 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is light gray semitransparent liquid.

(3) 1 part of tribasic benzoic acid is added into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, and the mixture is distilled under reduced pressure for 1 hour at 100-160 ℃ and 100Pa to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 4

(1) 17 parts of dodecene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride, 325 parts of mineral oil (manufacturer: Dadall) were reacted at 160 ℃ for 6 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 3 parts of glycidyl ether epoxy resin, 75 parts of active magnesium oxide and 10 parts of glycerol are added into the obtained solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, mixed and reacted for 45 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 75 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) 2 parts of 3-hydroxyethyl oxazolidine is added into the obtained intermediate, mixed and rotary evaporated for 1.5 hours at 120-180 ℃ to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 5

(1) 26 parts of octadecene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride, 425 parts of mixed tetramethylbenzene (manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang new materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 170 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) To the resulting maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, 5 parts of bisphenol a type epoxy resin, 80 parts of light magnesium oxide and 40 parts of isopropyl alcohol were added, mixed and reacted at 65 ℃ for 50 minutes with microwaves to obtain a dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor, which is a light gray translucent liquid.

(3) 4 parts of p-methyl benzenesulfonyl isocyanate is added into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, and the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure distillation for 1 hour at the temperature of between 80 and 150 ℃ and under the pressure of 100Pa to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 6

(1) 35 parts of maleic anhydride grafted eicosane-1 with the purity of 98%, 2 parts of polymethyl acrylate, 60 parts of active magnesium oxide, 60 parts of light magnesium hydroxide and 440 parts of mixed trimethylbenzene (manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang new materials Co., Ltd.) 25 parts of glycerol are mixed and reacted for 45 minutes under the microwave condition of 915MHz and 70 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of a vanadium inhibitor, wherein α -olefin in maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is eicosene-1.

(2) Adding 2 parts of 4, 4-dimethyl oxazolidine into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at 100-175 ℃ and 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium inhibitor composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 7

(1) 8 parts of hexadecene-1, 10 parts of octadecene-1, 8 parts of eicosene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 420 parts of mixed tetramethylbenzene (manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang new materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 160 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 4 parts of glycidyl ester epoxy resin, 80 parts of light magnesium oxide and 30 parts of methanol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, and the mixture is mixed and reacted for 50 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 70 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of a vanadium inhibitor, which is light gray semitransparent liquid.

(3) Adding 3 parts of tribasic benzoic acid into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, and distilling under reduced pressure for 1 hour at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 8

(1) 37 parts of hexacosene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 570 parts of mixed trimethylbenzene (from Ningbo Guangchang New materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under a nitrogen atmosphere and reacted at 140 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) To the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, 5 parts of linear aliphatic epoxy resin, 120 parts of active magnesium hydroxide and 10 parts of glycerol are added, mixed and reacted for 30 minutes under the microwave of 915MHz and 60 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of a vanadium inhibitor, which is light gray semitransparent liquid.

(3) Adding 0.5 part of N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 9

(1) 51 parts of triacontene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 750 parts of heavy aromatic hydrocarbon (manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang New materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 6 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin, 130 parts of active magnesium hydroxide and 15 parts of glycerol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, and the mixture reacts for 45 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 65 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 1 part of 4, 4-dimethyl oxazolidine into the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, and distilling under reduced pressure for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa to obtain the vanadium inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 10

(1) 8 parts of eicosene-1, 15 parts of docosene-1, 8 parts of tetracosene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 500 parts of mixed tetramethylbenzene (from Ningbo Guangchang New materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed and reacted at 180 ℃ for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) To the resulting maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, 1 part of β -terpene resin, 75 parts of activated magnesium oxide and 35 parts of isopropyl alcohol were added, mixed and reacted under microwave conditions of 915MHz and 70 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor, which is a light gray translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 2 parts of orthoformate into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at 100-180 ℃ and 100Pa for 1 hour to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 11

(1) 14 parts of dotriacontane-1, 21 parts of dotriacontane-1, 14 parts of dotriacontane-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 715 parts of heavy aromatic hydrocarbon (manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang new materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed and reacted at 160 ℃ for 6 hours under an argon atmosphere to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 3 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin, 90 parts of light magnesium oxide and 12 parts of glycerol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, mixed and reacted for 50 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 80 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is milk white semitransparent liquid.

(3) Adding 3 parts of tribasic benzoic acid into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure for 2 hours at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 100Pa to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is light gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 12

(1) 5 parts of decene-1, 7 parts of dodecene-1, 5 parts of tetradecene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 325 parts of synthetic oil (manufacturer: Royal Shell group, Netherlands) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 190 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 1 part of polyacrylamide, 2 parts of polyacrylic acid, 2 parts of polymethyl methacrylate, 105 parts of active magnesium hydroxide and 25 parts of ethanol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, mixed and reacted for 60 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 75 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is milk white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 2 parts of 3-hydroxyethyl oxazolidine into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium inhibitor composition which is light gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 13

(1) 12 parts of hexacosene-1, 16 parts of octacosene-1, 12 parts of triacontene-1, 10 parts of maleic anhydride and 610 parts of durene (from Ningbo Guangchang New materials Co., Ltd.) were mixed under an argon atmosphere and reacted at 170 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin.

(2) 4 parts of glycidyl amine epoxy resin, 85 parts of active magnesium oxide and 20 parts of methanol are added into the obtained solution of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, mixed and reacted for 40 minutes under the microwave conditions of 915MHz and 60 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 2 parts of tribasic benzoic acid into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at 100-160 ℃ and 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 14

(2) 120 parts of active magnesium hydroxide and 10 parts of glycerol are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, mixed and reacted for 30 minutes under the microwave condition of 915MHz and 60 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 0.5 part of N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, mixing, and distilling under reduced pressure at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa for 1.5 hours to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is light gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 15

(1) 120 parts of active magnesium hydroxide, 47 parts of oleic acid, 5 parts of linear aliphatic epoxy resin, 570 parts of mixed trimethylbenzene (the manufacturer: Ningbo Guangchang New Material Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts of glycerol are mixed and reacted for 30 minutes under the microwave of 915MHz and 60 ℃, and a dilute solution of a vanadium inhibitor is obtained, and is light gray semitransparent liquid.

(2) 0.5 part of N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine is added into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor to be mixed, and the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure distillation for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ and the pressure of 100Pa to obtain the vanadium inhibiting composition which is gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Example 16

(2) 6 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin and 130 parts of active magnesium hydroxide are added into the obtained maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin solution, and the mixture reacts for 45 minutes under the microwave of 915MHz and 65 ℃ to obtain a dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, which is an off-white translucent liquid.

(3) Adding 1 part of 4, 4-dimethyl oxazolidine into the obtained dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor, and distilling at 150-200 ℃ and 100Pa for 1.5 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the vanadium-inhibiting composition which is a gray semitransparent viscous liquid.

Testing

(1) The mass percent of magnesium (i.e., the magnesium content,%) in the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer, and the particle size distributions of the vanadium inhibitors in the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 were determined by a laser particle size analyzer, and the results are detailed in table 1.

Table 1 shows the mass percent of magnesium in the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 and the particle size distribution of the vanadium inhibitors in the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the magnesium content of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 1 to 16 is in the range of 5.7 to 10.6% by mass, the magnesium content of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 16 is in the range of 20 to 35% by mass, and the magnesium content of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions is high. Meanwhile, the particle size distribution of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium inhibitor composition in the examples 1 to 13 and 15 is within the range of 50nm to 1000nm, which indicates that the concentration has no adverse effect on the particle size and the distribution. In addition, the particle size of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium inhibitor composition of the embodiments 1 to 13 and 15 is small, so that the vanadium inhibitor has strong wear resistance, can lubricate parts of equipment, and can prolong the service life of the equipment.

The particle size distributions of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in example 14 are 250nm to 2000nm and 500nm to 5000nm, respectively, and are larger than those of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in examples 1 to 13, and the particle size distribution is wide, which is probably because the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in example 14 do not contain any dispersant, so that the nano-magnesium oxide in example 14 has a tendency to self-polymerize and becomes more serious with the increase of the product concentration.

The particle size distributions of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in example 16 are 200nm to 1000nm and 300nm to 2000nm, respectively, and are larger and wider than those of the vanadium inhibitor in the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in examples 1 to 13, which may be caused by that no alcohol is added in the preparation process of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition in example 16, so that the polarity of the whole reaction system in example 16 is smaller, the smooth proceeding of the reaction in the preparation process is affected, the nano-scale particle size of the product is difficult to realize, and the product is accompanied by a certain degree of self-polymerization tendency along with the increase of the concentration.

(2) The flowability and water resistance of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 1-16 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions were determined and the results are detailed in table 2.

Determination of flowability:

kinematic viscosities of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 were measured at room temperature using an Ubbelohde viscometer.

Determination of Water resistance:

a) a precipitation method: the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of examples 1-16 were mixed with water at a mass ratio of 95:5, respectively, stirred for 30 minutes, left for 1 hour, and observed for precipitation.

b) And (3) a filtration method: the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of examples 1-16, each 200mL, were taken, 0.1mL of water was added, mixed well, and then filtered through a filter with a pore size of 10 μm at ambient temperature and pressure, and the time taken for each sample to be filtered completely was recorded.

Table 2 shows the fluidity and water resistance of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium suppressing compositions of examples 1 to 16.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the viscosities of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 and example 15 were 60mm, respectively²/s～80mm²S and 130mm²/s～195mm²In the range of/s, the flowability of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium suppressing composition of examples 1 to 13 and 15 was satisfactory. The viscosity of the dilute vanadium inhibitor solution and the vanadium suppressing composition of examples 14 and 16 is higher than that of the dilute vanadium inhibitor solution and the vanadium suppressing composition of examples 1 to 13, which indicates that the dilute vanadium inhibitor solution and the vanadium suppressing composition of examples 14 and 16 are inferior in fluidity to those of the dilute vanadium inhibitor solution and the vanadium suppressing composition of examples 1 to 13, and this is consistent with the data in table 1, which indicates that the fluidity is lowered due to insufficient dispersibility of the product.

The dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 14 and 16 did not precipitate when added with water, while the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of example 15 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of example 16 precipitated when added with water, probably because the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of example 14 and example 16 were not stable when the concentration of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions was high, resulting in poor water resistance of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of example 14 and example 16, the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of example 15 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions precipitated in water, illustrating that the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of example 15 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of example 15 were not stable when added with water, possibly because the coating layer of example 15 was replaced with oleic acid, which resulted in formation of only a monodentate ester bond between oleic acid and magnesium oxide, thus far less stable when added with water, resulting in poor water resistance of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 15 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions.

The filtration time of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 1 to 13 after adding water is not more than 108 seconds, and the filtration time of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 after adding water is not more than 173 seconds, which indicates that the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 1 to 13 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions after adding water have good fluidity and low viscosity, and further indicates that the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors of examples 1 to 13 and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 have good water resistance. The filtration times after adding water to the vanadium inhibitor of examples 14 and 16 were 187 seconds and 169 seconds, respectively, and were both longer than the filtration times after adding water to the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of examples 1 to 13, and the filtration times after adding water to the vanadium inhibitor of examples 14 and 16 were 245 seconds and 198 seconds, respectively, and were both longer than the filtration times after adding water to the vanadium inhibitor of examples 1 to 13, indicating that the water resistance of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of examples 14 and 16 and the water resistance of the vanadium inhibitor of examples 1 to 13 were not as good as that of the vanadium inhibitor of examples 1 to 13. The filtration time of the dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 15 after adding water is at most 276 seconds and 468 seconds in all the examples, which indicates that the water resistance of example 15 is very poor, probably because the coating layer in example 15 is replaced by oleic acid, only monodentate ester bond is formed between oleic acid and nano-magnesia, and the water stability is far less than that of bidentate ester bond, resulting in poor water resistance of both the dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 15.

(3) The storage stability of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 was determined and the results are detailed in table 3.

The determination method comprises the following steps: the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 16 were placed in a closed and normal temperature environment for 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months, respectively, and then it was observed whether the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 16 were turbid, precipitated, or discolored.

Table 3 shows the storage stability of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from Table 3, the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 did not get cloudy, precipitated or discolored after being left for 24 months, which indicates that the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 have good storage stability.

The mixture of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of example 14 appeared cloudy, precipitated or discolored by 18 months of storage, and the mixture of the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 14 appeared cloudy, precipitated or discolored by 12 months of storage. The mixture of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of example 16 appeared cloudy, precipitated or discolored by 24 months of storage, and the mixture of the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 16 appeared cloudy, precipitated or discolored by 18 months of storage. The storage stability of the dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of examples 14 and 16 is inferior to that of the dilute solution of vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of examples 1 to 13 and 14, which indicates that the addition of the dispersant and the alcohol in the preparation process is important for improving the storage stability of the product.

(4) The oil solubility and stability in oil of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16 were determined and the results are detailed in Table 4.

The test method comprises the following steps: the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor and the vanadium-inhibiting composition of the embodiment 1-16 and diesel oil are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1, respectively standing the mixture in a closed and normal-temperature environment for 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, and observing whether each mixture sample is layered or has precipitation and particle precipitation.

Table 4 shows the oil solubility and stability in oil of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium inhibiting compositions of examples 1-16.

TABLE 4

As can be seen from table 4, the mixture of the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the mixture of the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 did not undergo delamination and precipitation or particle separation after being left for 24 months, which indicates that the dilute solutions of the vanadium inhibitors and the vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1 to 13 have good oil solubility and good stability in oil.

The mixture of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of example 14 was stored for up to 12 months and the mixture of the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 14 was stored for up to 6 months and was found to stratify and precipitate and particles. The mixture of the dilute solution of the vanadium inhibitor of example 16 was stored for up to 18 months and the mixture of the vanadium-inhibiting composition of example 16 was stored for up to 12 months and was found to stratify and precipitate and particles. The oil solubility and stability in oil of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 14 and 16 are inferior to those of the dilute solutions of vanadium inhibitors and vanadium-inhibiting compositions of examples 1-13 and 14, which indicates that the addition of dispersant and alcohol in the preparation process is important for improving the oil solubility and stability of the product.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor is characterized by comprising the following steps of carrying out microwave reaction on a precursor of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and nano magnesium oxide at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes to obtain the vanadium inhibitor, wherein the precursor is at least one of active magnesium oxide, light magnesium oxide and active magnesium hydroxide, and the step of carrying out microwave reaction on the precursor of maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and nano magnesium oxide at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes specifically comprises the step of carrying out microwave reaction on the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, the precursor, a dispersing agent and alcohol at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of magnesium element in the precursor, the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the dispersing agent is 0.6: 0.3: 0.01-0.6: 0.7: 0.1, and the alcohol is at least one of monohydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol containing 1-3 carbon atoms.

2. The preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor according to claim 1, further comprising an operation of preparing the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin before the step of performing microwave reaction on the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin and the precursor of the nano-magnesium oxide at 60-80 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, specifically, mixing α -olefin, maleic anhydride and an organic solvent, and then performing reaction at 140-200 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, wherein the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride to the α -olefin is 1: 1.2-1: 5.1.

3. The method for preparing the vanadium inhibitor according to claim 2, wherein the preparation of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, and/or,

the organic solvent is selected from at least one of heavy aromatic hydrocarbon, synthetic oil and mineral oil.

4. The method for preparing a vanadium inhibitor according to claim 2, wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from trimethylbenzene and tetramethylbenzene.

5. The vanadium inhibitor is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor in any one of claims 1 to 4, the vanadium inhibitor comprises an active center and a coating layer, the active center comprises nano magnesium oxide, the coating layer comprises maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin, the coating layer and the active center are connected through an ester bond, the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is 1: 0.3-1: 0.7, the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is 90-99%, the vanadium inhibitor further comprises a dispersing agent, and the mass ratio of the nano magnesium oxide to the dispersing agent is 1: 0.01-1: 0.1.

6. The vanadium inhibitor according to claim 5, wherein the dispersant is at least one selected from terpene resins, epoxy resins and acrylic resins.

7. The vanadium inhibitor according to claim 5, wherein α -olefin in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is at least one selected from α -olefin with carbon chain length of 8-36.

8. The vanadium inhibitor according to claim 5, wherein α -olefin in the maleic anhydride grafted α -olefin is at least one selected from α -olefin with a carbon chain length of 12-24.

9. A vanadium-inhibiting composition, which is characterized by comprising the vanadium inhibitor and the viscosity index improver as set forth in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the mass ratio of nano magnesium oxide to the viscosity index improver in the vanadium inhibitor is 1: 0.005-1: 0.05.

10. the vanadium-suppressing composition according to claim 9, wherein the viscosity index improver is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tri-ester of orthobenzoic acid, a tri-ester of orthoformic acid, an oxazolidine derivative, and p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,

11. Use of the vanadium-suppressing composition according to any one of claims 9 to 10 in fuel oil.

12. A preparation method of a vanadium-inhibiting composition is characterized by comprising the following steps:

preparing a vanadium inhibitor by adopting the preparation method of the vanadium inhibitor in any one of claims 1 to 4; and