CN107886455A - A kind of personnel and security control's system - Google Patents

A kind of personnel and security control's system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107886455A
CN107886455A CN201610873697.2A CN201610873697A CN107886455A CN 107886455 A CN107886455 A CN 107886455A CN 201610873697 A CN201610873697 A CN 201610873697A CN 107886455 A CN107886455 A CN 107886455A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
management
information
server
personnel
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610873697.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑国秋
刘洪丹
李永旺
于会庆
王海
魏旭昶
牛停举
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHANDONG OULONG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Haiyang CIMC Raffles Offshore Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SHANDONG OULONG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Haiyang CIMC Raffles Offshore Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SHANDONG OULONG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd, Haiyang CIMC Raffles Offshore Co Ltd filed Critical SHANDONG OULONG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610873697.2A priority Critical patent/CN107886455A/en
Publication of CN107886455A publication Critical patent/CN107886455A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10Services
    • G06Q50/26Government or public services
    • G06Q50/265Personal security, identity or safety
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0032Apparatus for automatic testing and analysing marked record carriers, used for examinations of the multiple choice answer type

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to safety management technology field, a kind of more particularly to personnel and security control's system, including field acquisition unit, server, Surveillance center and external data interface, server is connected with field acquisition unit, Surveillance center and external data interface are connected with server respectively, and field acquisition unit is used for management and the security information of collection site personnel.Invention combines power transmission technology and 2.4G active RFIDs and 13.56MHz passive RFIDs and card image active transmission technology, save manual routing and installation cost and subsequently remove the great amount of cost such as line, arrangement, reduce waste, realize in the case where not increasing any independent data circuit, extremely easily the data acquisition in various shieldings and particular surroundings and data are actively sent.

Description

A kind of personnel and security control's system
Technical field
The present invention relates to safety management technology field, more particularly to a kind of personnel and security control's system.
Background technology
The increasingly fierce of Vehicles Collected from Market competition, relative profit are increasingly thinning, force enterprise to increase the requirement for reducing cost, The enterprise production management and personal security management for having considerable part enterprise at present make an inspection tour density to realize, especially by increase personnel It is dangerous higher at some, personnel even more need special staff is continual to patrol than the working region of comparatively dense Depending on ensureing the safe operation of production.
Following defect be present in such situation:1. personnel cost cannot be reduced effectively;2. in dangerous higher work Region, personal security cannot get effective guarantee;3. enterprises production efficiency reduces.
For personal management, existing various electrifies technique accessory systems realize that related management is very common, than Such as personal management and mess card selling system of the common RFID card using 13.56MHz as core, the uhf band with 915MHz RFID card is the personnel management system of core, using 2.4GHz active RFID card as personnel management system of core etc..More than Technology realizes that merely the functions such as the personal management under conventional environment are very ripe, but in particular surroundings, for example surrounding is all Used in the shielding environment for being metal, and require to accomplish in the case of not increasing independent data circuit, the simple technology of the above Scheme is with regard to unsuitable.Its major defect is as follows:
Because in shielding environment, wireless signal can not penetrate metal screen layer, so externally information transfer has to rely on Tangible data circuit;
For actual conditions, arrangement tangible data circuit can cause form dumb, and installation is complicated, maintenance of ging wrong The shortcomings that complicated.
Extra arrangement circuit can increase hardware cost input, and installing/dismounting can also increase cost of labor input.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the defects of overcoming complicated existing for prior art and cost high, there is provided a kind of simple spirit Personnel and security control's system living.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, used technical scheme is:A kind of personnel and security control's system, including it is existing Field collecting unit, server, Surveillance center and external data interface, server are connected with field acquisition unit, Surveillance center It is connected respectively with server with external data interface, field acquisition unit is used for management and the safety letter of collection site personnel Breath, server are used for management and the security information for storing and handling the Field Force of field acquisition unit collection, and Surveillance center uses Management and security information in the Field Force for monitoring and checking server storage, external data interface are checked for providing outside The management of Field Force and the interface of security information.
As the prioritization scheme of the present invention, field acquisition unit includes double-frequency electronic label, read write line, message concentrator, Double-frequency electronic label is worn by Field Force, and read write line is communicated with double-frequency electronic label, and some read write lines are by Field Force Management and security information uniform transmission to message concentrator, message concentrator sends the management of Field Force and security information To server.
As the prioritization scheme of the present invention, double-frequency electronic label includes main card and vice card, and main card is 2.4GHz active RFIDs Chip, vice card are 13.56Hz passive RFID card.
As the prioritization scheme of the present invention, 2.4GHz active RFID chips include battery, master control and wireless chip and button, Master control and wireless chip are used for the input information of response button, and battery is used to provide electric energy, read write line for master control and wireless chip The input information for the button that priority treatment receives.
As the prioritization scheme of the present invention, read write line by 36V often electric emergency wiring by the management of Field Force and safety Information transfer includes power transfer module, main control chip, sensor assembly, information display module to message concentrator, read write line And RFID read-write module, power transfer module are connected to 36V often on electric emergency wiring, read write line is articulated in by supply line For 36V often on electric emergency wiring, power transfer module is respectively that main control chip, sensor assembly, information display module and RFID are read Writing module is powered, and power transfer module, sensor assembly, information display module and RFID read-write module are entered with main control chip respectively Row information interacts.
As the prioritization scheme of the present invention, server should including database server, apps server and middleware With server, database server is used for management and the safety letter for handling and analyzing the Field Force of field acquisition unit collection Breath, apps server include System Management Unit, basic data management unit, management map unit, personal management unit, Location handling unit, RFID administrative units and log management unit, System Management Unit are used for designer and safety management system The parameter information of system;Basic data management unit is used for management and the safety letter for managing the Field Force of field acquisition unit collection Breath;Management map unit is used to manage live cartographic information to be monitored;Personal management unit is to be monitored live for managing Personal information;Location handling unit is used for the positional information for managing live personnel to be monitored, and RFID administrative units are used to manage Live double-frequency electronic label to be monitored;Log management unit is used for the associative operation letter of record and safety management system Breath.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:1) invention is passive by power transmission technology and 2.4G active RFIDs and 13.56MHz RFID and card image active transmission technology are combined, and the wiring process of data link is saved in concrete scene, Hardware cost is saved, manual routing and installation cost is saved and subsequently removes the great amount of cost such as line, arrangement, reduce wave Take, realize in the case where not increasing any independent data circuit, extremely easily in various shieldings and particular surroundings Data acquisition and data are actively sent.
2) present invention has done improvement in functionality to power transmission technology, adds signal transmission distance and information node number Mesh, read write line bibliography can break through the limitation of original most 100, achieve over the read write line carry of 200, meet live real The actual demand of about 150 information nodes (read write line) of each of the links in the situation of border;
3) various autonomous devices are integrated, optimized by hardware aspect of the present invention, and the actual demand for enterprises and institutions is carried out Personalized customization, on the premise of enterprise feature demand is met comprehensively, information reform cost is effectively reduced, is realized more Kind transmission technology is uniformly coordinated application, adapts to the transmission of the data stabilization under adverse circumstances and very easily system is reconfigured at work( Energy.Whole system hardware installation is easy, and mode of operation demand resource is few, and flexibility is very high, is suitable for a variety of application environments.
4) present invention optimizes in software aspects for application scenarios, realizes that personal management automation, Workload Account are automatic Change, working condition automatic detection, it is a large amount of to save manually, management precision is improved, while can realize that duration anticipation, duration process show Show, and then data supporting and in advance budget function are provided for the project budget.
5) present invention provides more intelligentized Information Statistics and information prompting function, and can be accumulated with data volume Increase and different scenes it is perfect, there is provided prioritization scheme, intelligent guarantee is provided for successive projects.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the external connection figure of read write line;
Fig. 3 is the inside connection figure of read write line;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of apps server.
Wherein:1st, field acquisition unit, 2, server, 3, Surveillance center, 4 and external data interface, 11, double frequency electronics Label, 12, read write line, 13, message concentrator, 121, power transfer module, 122, main control chip, 123, sensor assembly, 124th, information display module, 125, RFID read-write module, 221, System Management Unit, 222, basic data management unit, 223, Management map unit, 224, personal management unit, 225, location handling unit, 226, RFID administrative units, 227, log management Unit.
Embodiment
As described in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of personnel and security control's system, including field acquisition unit 1, server 2nd, Surveillance center 3 and external data interface 4, server 2 are connected with field acquisition unit 1, and Surveillance center 3 and external data connect Mouth 4 is connected with server 2 respectively, and field acquisition unit 1 is used for management and the security information of collection site personnel, server 2 For store and handle field acquisition unit 1 collection Field Force management and security information, Surveillance center 3 be used for monitor and Management and the security information for the Field Force that server 2 stores are checked, external data interface 4 checks live people for providing outside The management of member and the interface of security information.Wherein, external data interface 4 can also access the information such as ERP or GPRS.
Field acquisition unit 1 includes double-frequency electronic label 11, read write line 12 and message concentrator 13, double-frequency electronic label 11 Worn by Field Force, read write line 12 is communicated with double-frequency electronic label 11, and some read write lines 12 are by the management of Field Force And the management of Field Force and security information are sent to by security information uniform transmission to message concentrator 13, message concentrator 13 Server 2.
Double-frequency electronic label 11 includes main card and vice card, and main card is 2.4GHz active RFID chips, and vice card is 13.56Hz's Passive RFID card.Wherein, main card and vice card use moistureproof dustproof design, to adapt to different use environments.
2.4GHz active RFID chips include battery, master control and wireless chip and button, described master control and wireless chip For the input information of response button, described battery is used to provide electric energy for master control and wireless chip, and read write line 12 is preferentially located Manage the input information of the button received.Wherein, 2.4GHz active RFID chips carry two buttons, are actively sent out when pressing button Send relevant information, read write line 12 very first time processing relevant information after receiving, and this information on data transmission link is classified as Limit priority.
By 36V, often the management of Field Force and security information are transferred to message concentrator to read write line 12 by electric emergency wiring 13, read write line 12 includes power transfer module 121, main control chip 122, sensor assembly 123, the and of information display module 124 RFID read-write module 125, power transfer module 121 are connected to 36V often on electric emergency wiring, and read write line 12 is hung by supply line 36V is connected on often on electric emergency wiring, power transfer module 121 is respectively main control chip 122, sensor assembly 123, presentation of information Module 124 and RFID read-write module 125 are powered, power transfer module 121, sensor assembly 123, the and of information display module 124 RFID read-write module 125 carries out information exchange with main control chip 122 respectively.Wherein, read write line 12 is believed by power line transmission Breath, the position of read write line 12 can be changed as needed, or the arbitrarily quantity of increase and decrease read write line 12, and significantly simplifying entirely makes With process, reduce hardware input and artificial input.Power transfer module 121 obtains by the way that often electric emergency wiring connects with 36V 36V often the information of electric emergency wiring and is transferred to main control chip 122, while often electricity should by connecting 36V for power transfer module 121 Anxious circuit obtains power supply, driving sensor assembly 123, information display module 124 and RFID read-write module 125.
Server 2 includes database server 21, apps server 22 and middleware application server 23, database Server 21 is used for management and the security information for handling and analyzing the Field Force of the collection of field acquisition unit 1, application program clothes Business device 22 includes System Management Unit 221, basic data management unit 222, management map unit 223, personal management unit 224th, location handling unit 225, RFID administrative units 226 and log management unit 227, System Management Unit 221 are used to set The parameter information of personnel and security control's system;Basic data management unit 222 is used to manage showing for the collection of field acquisition unit 1 The management of field personnel and security information;Management map unit 223 is used to manage live cartographic information to be monitored;Personal management list Member 224 is used to manage live personal information to be monitored;Location handling unit 225 is used for the position for managing live personnel to be monitored Confidence ceases, and RFID administrative units 226 are used to manage live double-frequency electronic label 11 to be monitored;Log management unit 227 is used for Record and the associative operation information of safety management system.Wherein, application program is entirely applied using J2EE technologies come framework.
Particular embodiments described above, the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are carried out further in detail Describe in detail it is bright, should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., it should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. personnel and security control's system, it is characterised in that:Including in field acquisition unit (1), server (2), monitoring The heart (3) and external data interface (4), described server (2) are connected with field acquisition unit (1), described Surveillance center (3) it is connected respectively with server (2) with external data interface (4), described field acquisition unit (1) is used for collection site people The management of member and security information, described server (2) are used for the Field Force for storing and handling field acquisition unit (1) collection Management and security information, described Surveillance center (3) be used for monitor and check server (2) storage Field Force management And security information, described external data interface (4) check the management of Field Force and connecing for security information for providing outside Mouthful.
  2. A kind of 2. personnel and security control's system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The field acquisition unit (1) double-frequency electronic label (11), read write line (12) and message concentrator (13) are included, described double-frequency electronic label (11) is by existing Personnel are worn, and described read write line (12) is communicated with double-frequency electronic label (11), and some read write lines (12) are by live people The management of member and security information uniform transmission are to message concentrator (13), and message concentrator (13) is by the management of Field Force and peace Full information is sent to server (2).
  3. A kind of 3. personnel and security control's system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The double-frequency electronic label (11) main card and vice card are included, described main card is 2.4GHz active RFID chips, and described vice card is the passive of 13.56Hz RFID card.
  4. A kind of 4. personnel and security control's system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:2.4GHz active RFID chips Including battery, master control and wireless chip and button, the input information of described master control and wireless chip for response button is described Battery be used to for master control and wireless chip provide electric energy, the input for the button that described read write line (12) priority treatment receives Information.
  5. A kind of 5. personnel and security control's system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Described read write line (12) is logical Crossing 36V, often the management of Field Force and security information are transferred to message concentrator (13), described read write line by electric emergency wiring (12) include power transfer module (121), main control chip (122), sensor assembly (123), information display module (124) and RFID read-write module (125), described power transfer module (121) are connected to 36V often on electric emergency wiring, and read write line (12) is logical Cross supply line and be articulated in 36V often on electric emergency wiring, described power transfer module (121) be respectively main control chip (122), Sensor assembly (123), information display module (124) and RFID read-write module (125) power supply, described power transfer module (121), sensor assembly (123), information display module (124) and RFID read-write module (125) respectively with main control chip (122) Carry out information exchange.
  6. A kind of 6. personnel and security control's system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Described server (2) bag Include database server (21), apps server (22) and middleware application server (23), described database service Device (21) is used for management and the security information for handling and analyzing the Field Force of field acquisition unit (1) collection, described application Program servers (22) include System Management Unit (221), basic data management unit (222), management map unit (223), Personal management unit (224), location handling unit (225), RFID administrative units (226) and log management unit (227), it is described System Management Unit (221) be used for the parameter information of designer and safety management system;Described basic data management list First (222) are used for management and the security information for managing the Field Force of field acquisition unit (1) collection;Described management map list First (223) are used to manage live cartographic information to be monitored;Described personal management unit (224) is used to manage scene to be monitored Personal information;Described location handling unit (225) is used for the positional information for managing live personnel to be monitored, described RFID administrative units (226) are used to manage live double-frequency electronic label (11) to be monitored;Described log management unit (227) For record and the associative operation information of safety management system.
CN201610873697.2A 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A kind of personnel and security control's system Pending CN107886455A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610873697.2A CN107886455A (en) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A kind of personnel and security control's system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610873697.2A CN107886455A (en) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A kind of personnel and security control's system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107886455A true CN107886455A (en) 2018-04-06

Family

ID=61768919

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610873697.2A Pending CN107886455A (en) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A kind of personnel and security control's system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107886455A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113096515A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-09 江西交通职业技术学院 Adjustable sand table simulation device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102238024A (en) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-09 上海互惠信息技术有限公司 Radio frequency identification (RFID)-based intelligent network system
CN202351900U (en) * 2011-08-19 2012-07-25 领科无线射频系统(上海)有限公司 Nuclear power plant management system based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology
CN102723002A (en) * 2011-08-12 2012-10-10 上海海事大学 Radio frequency identification (RFID)-technology-based ship lockage management system and method thereof
CN103810576A (en) * 2014-03-07 2014-05-21 西安工业大学 Workshop production management method and system based on Internet of Things
CN104021458A (en) * 2014-06-26 2014-09-03 西南大学 Railway constructor safety management system based on Internet of Things
CN105847754A (en) * 2016-05-10 2016-08-10 浙江宏森科技有限公司 Prison and detention house safety protection monitoring system based on personnel positioning

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102238024A (en) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-09 上海互惠信息技术有限公司 Radio frequency identification (RFID)-based intelligent network system
CN102723002A (en) * 2011-08-12 2012-10-10 上海海事大学 Radio frequency identification (RFID)-technology-based ship lockage management system and method thereof
CN202351900U (en) * 2011-08-19 2012-07-25 领科无线射频系统(上海)有限公司 Nuclear power plant management system based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology
CN103810576A (en) * 2014-03-07 2014-05-21 西安工业大学 Workshop production management method and system based on Internet of Things
CN104021458A (en) * 2014-06-26 2014-09-03 西南大学 Railway constructor safety management system based on Internet of Things
CN105847754A (en) * 2016-05-10 2016-08-10 浙江宏森科技有限公司 Prison and detention house safety protection monitoring system based on personnel positioning

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113096515A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-09 江西交通职业技术学院 Adjustable sand table simulation device
CN113096515B (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-09-06 江西交通职业技术学院 Adjustable sand table simulation device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20180182179A1 (en) Comprehensive system and method for real-time monitoring and management of security patrolling operations
CN106383763B (en) Data center's intelligent trouble detects alarm system
CN102158556A (en) Method for implementing intelligent property management system in Internet of things environment
CN103366311A (en) Data fusion processing method based on transformer substation multi-system
CN205644670U (en) Metropolitan environment air quality monitoring's intelligence system of patrolling and examining
CN110826962A (en) Unmanned aerial vehicle intelligent management platform
CN204810307U (en) Unmanned aerial vehicle wearing formula maintenance guarantee support system
CN103617587A (en) Real-time monitoring and management system for waste collection
CN202058203U (en) Radioactive source dynamic monitoring and management system
CN107968931A (en) A kind of electric field mobile job-oriented terminal device
CN106851211A (en) Intelligent monitor system
CN207232656U (en) A kind of intelligent control well site monitoring device
CN107886455A (en) A kind of personnel and security control's system
CN108226402A (en) A kind of electric power tunnel based on tunnel ceiling track is maked an inspection tour automatically and monitoring system
CN206282355U (en) A kind of personnel and security control's system
CN107422796A (en) A kind of Substation maintenance mobile device and execution method
CN202111868U (en) Special intelligent handheld PDA (personal digital assistant) for prisons
CN115567563B (en) Comprehensive transportation hub monitoring and early warning system based on end edge cloud and control method thereof
CN106778051A (en) A kind of post health monitoring systems based on domestic CPU
CN207408864U (en) A kind of intelligence wearing terminal for inspection, emergency command
CN115630814A (en) City management method, city management device, terminal equipment and storage medium
CN109242426A (en) A kind of field personnel management system
CN210016461U (en) Wearable type electric wire netting circuit patrols line record appearance
CN114612069A (en) Safety production management system and method for metallurgical industry
CN209070097U (en) A kind of generalization radar screen monitoring display system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination