CN107883855B - High-low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method based on photogrammetry - Google Patents
High-low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method based on photogrammetry Download PDFInfo
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- CN107883855B CN107883855B CN201710983817.9A CN201710983817A CN107883855B CN 107883855 B CN107883855 B CN 107883855B CN 201710983817 A CN201710983817 A CN 201710983817A CN 107883855 B CN107883855 B CN 107883855B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention discloses a high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method based on photogrammetry, which comprises the following steps: mounting an antenna rib, a base and a platform; adjusting a temperature box; setting a measuring station and a measuring point; adjusting the camera; and (5) modeling calculation. The invention optimizes the measurement angle of the measured point and improves the stability of the measurement system by adopting a non-contact photogrammetry method, an inclined installation mode and marble platform auxiliary measurement, and simultaneously adopts a layered shooting method in combination with a three-point measurement mode, optimizes the measurement net shape, the intersection angle and the image matching process under the measurement state that the number of layers is not less than two, improves the measurement precision under the condition of enlarging the measurement range, and realizes the high-low temperature micro-deformation measurement of large-size workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method based on photogrammetry, which is particularly suitable for high-low temperature thermal deformation high-precision testing of a satellite-borne antenna rib component and belongs to the technical field of antenna mechanical measurement.
Background
The electrical performance of the relay satellite S/Ka antenna is obvious under the condition of thermal deformation, so that a high-precision test requirement is provided for screening rib components in the development stage, the vertical displacement of 2m end of each rib component is 0.1mm under the condition that the temperature of the rib component is 60 ℃ at high temperature compared with the temperature of 20 ℃ at normal temperature, the vertical displacement of 2m end of the rib component is 0.2mm under the condition that the temperature is minus 60 ℃ compared with the temperature of 20 ℃ at normal temperature, and the vertical micro-deformation under the environment needs to be measured in a one-way mode, wherein the one-way measurement precision is less than 0.04mm at high temperature and less than 0..
At present, the mechanical measurement field mainly comprises the means of theodolite intersection measurement, total station spherical coordinate measurement, laser tracker measurement, joint arm measurement and the like to measure the displacement and shape change of an object, but no method is available for testing the micro-deformation of a workpiece with the size not less than 2m and the size of 60 micrometers or less in a normal-pressure high-temperature and low-temperature environment.
In the prior art, the traditional measurement method mainly has the following problems:
firstly, the requirement on the environment is higher, and only be applicable to normal atmospheric temperature environment, the precision influence of external environment temperature's change to measurement system is obvious, and external environment's stability is the basis that measurement system established simultaneously, and small vibration can arouse the stability around the system, and then arouse measuring error, finally can't satisfy the micro-scale and measure.
Secondly, the measurement efficiency is low, the establishment of the traditional measurement system consumes more human instrument resources, the measurement time is long, and a series of uncertain errors can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method based on photogrammetry, optimizes the measurement angle of a measured point by adopting an inclined installation mode and marble platform auxiliary measurement through a non-contact photogrammetry method, improves the stability of a measurement system, simultaneously adopts a layered shooting method in combination with a three-point measurement mode, optimizes the measurement net shape, the intersection angle and the image matching process under the measurement state that the number of layers is not less than two, improves the measurement precision under the condition of enlarging the measurement range, and realizes the high and low temperature micro-deformation measurement of large-size workpieces.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a high and low temperature environment micro-deformation test method based on photogrammetry comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a plurality of antenna ribs are uniformly and intensively arranged on a base at intervals of 20 degrees, target points and coding points are uniformly pasted on each antenna rib and the base, the base is arranged on a platform by utilizing an inclined surface switching tool, and the part of the base, which is provided with the antenna ribs, is inclined downwards;
secondly, after confirming that the target points are not tilted or fall off, respectively placing two reference scales on the base and the platform, placing the antenna rib, the base, the inclined plane switching tool, the platform and the reference scales in the incubator together, and then keeping the incubator standing for at least 2 hours under each working condition;
thirdly, after the incubator stands still, two layers of measuring channels are arranged on the outer sides of the integral envelope lines of the plurality of antenna ribs, a plurality of measuring stations are arranged on each layer of measuring channel at equal intervals, each measuring station adopts a camera to aim at the center three-point measurement of the integral plane projection area of the antenna ribs, and each measuring station utilizes the camera to shoot 6 pictures;
fourthly, adjusting the exposure time and the exposure intensity of the camera and scanning parameters of industrial photogrammetry software, and finishing measurement when the maximum gray level of all measuring points is 100-200 and the number of pixels is full enough;
and fifthly, establishing a mark point integral adjustment calculation model according to the measurement result, and calculating the mark point adjustment root mean square.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation test method, in the first step, the antenna ribs adopt arc-shaped rod structures, one ends of the antenna ribs are fixedly connected with the base, the number of the antenna ribs is not more than 10, at least 28 target points are uniformly distributed on each antenna rib, the diameter of each target point on each antenna rib is not less than 6mm, at least 5 coding points are uniformly distributed on each antenna rib, the diameter of each coding point on each antenna rib is not less than 3mm, and the target points on each antenna rib and the coding points are not coincident.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method, in the first step, the base is of a hollow cylinder structure, the base is made of invar steel, at least 18 target points are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the base close to the edge region, the diameter of the target points on the upper surface of the base is not less than 6mm, at least 6 coding points are distributed on the upper surface of the base close to the edge region at equal intervals, the diameter of the coding points of the base is not less than 3mm, and the target points on the upper surface of the base and the coding points are not coincident.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation test method, in the first step, the platform is of a solid cubic structure, the platform is made of marble, the weight of the platform is not less than 1t, and the minimum distance between the platform and the antenna rib is set to be 10 mm.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method, in the second step, the reference ruler is a photogrammetry-dedicated reference ruler with the length not less than 800mm, the two reference rulers are made of carbon fibers and are perpendicular to each other, one reference ruler is placed at one end of the base, and the other reference ruler is placed on the platform.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method, in the second step, the incubator adopts a step-in high and low temperature incubator with the internal dimension not less than 5.5m × 5.5m × 4m, the minimum distance between the inner wall of the incubator and the antenna rib is set to be 1m, and the inner pressure of the incubator is set to be normal pressure.
In the photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method, in the second step, the incubator has the functions of providing high temperature and low temperature; the high temperature range meets 20-100 ℃, and the low temperature range meets 20-70 ℃.
In the third step, the first layer of measuring channel is located at 2.5m outside the overall envelope curve of the plurality of antenna ribs, the second layer of measuring channel is located at 2m outside the overall envelope curve of the plurality of antenna ribs, each layer of measuring channel is provided with 9 measuring stations, each measuring station utilizes a camera to shoot the overall plane projection area of the antenna ribs at three points, each camera is horizontally arranged at 0 degree and vertically arranged at 90 degrees, and each measuring station has 6 pictures.
In the method for testing micro-deformation of high and low temperature environments based on photogrammetry, in the fourth step, the exposure time of a camera is initially adjusted to be 1ms, the exposure intensity is adjusted to be 7, and the exposure time and the exposure intensity are correspondingly increased or decreased according to the gray level and the fullness degree of pixels of image points in a shot picture; the scanning range is adjusted in industrial photogrammetry software, the X-direction pixel range is 2-200, the Y-direction pixel range is 2-200, the number of mark pixels is 4-3000, and the shape smoothness, overexposure and brightness are ignored.
In the method for testing micro-deformation in high and low temperature environments based on photogrammetry, in the fifth step, three-dimensional coordinates of an object to be tested are obtained after image scanning processing, mark point identification, image matching, space point triangular intersection and light beam adjustment, and an integral adjustment model is established:
wherein: x1, X2 and X3 are respectively the elements of the external orientation of the photos, the coordinates of the mark points and the vector of the correction numbers of the parameters in the camera; a1, A2 and A3 are corresponding coefficient matrixes respectively; l1 is the observation vector of the marker image point coordinates; v1 is a weight matrix of the coordinates of the marker image points; l3 is a virtual observation vector of internal parameters, typically a zero vector; v3 is a weight matrix of virtual observations of the internal parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
【1】 According to the invention, by means of the layered shooting method, under the measuring state that the number of layers is not less than two, the intersection angle of the measuring net type and the mark point is optimized, the accuracy of the integral adjustment is improved, and the measuring accuracy of the measuring system is further improved.
【2】 The invention optimizes the whole adjustment image matching process by a three-point measurement mode, and improves the measurement precision under the condition of enlarging the measurement range.
【3】 According to the invention, through the characteristics of the arc-shaped ribs and the environmental characteristics, an inclined installation mode and marble platform auxiliary measurement are adopted, the measurement angle of the measured point is optimized, the stability of the measurement system is improved, and the precision of the measurement system is further improved.
【4】 The method has the advantages of logical continuity, clear thought, reasonable design and simplified steps, and the technical personnel in the field can accurately measure the micro-deformation of the antenna rib in high-temperature and low-temperature environments respectively by testing according to the steps of the method, thereby saving the testing time and having wide market application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an antenna rib and base
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an antenna rib, base and platform
FIG. 4 is a layout of a survey station
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trace
Wherein: 1 an antenna rib; 2, a base; 3, an inclined plane switching tool; 4, a platform; 5, a reference ruler; 6, warming a box; 7, a camera;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for testing micro-deformation in high and low temperature environments based on photogrammetry comprises the following steps:
firstly, intensively installing not more than ten arc-shaped antenna ribs 1 on a hollow cylindrical invar base 2 at equal intervals of 20 degrees, pasting target points with the diameter not less than 6mm and coding points with the diameter not less than 3mm at equal intervals on the edge area of the upper surface of each antenna rib 1 and the base 2, wherein the number of the target points of the antenna ribs 1 is not less than 28, the number of the coding points is not less than 5, the number of the target points of the upper surface of the base 2 is not less than 18, the number of the coding points is not less than 6, the marking points and the coding points are not overlapped, then installing the base 2 on a 1t marble platform 4 by using an inclined surface switching tool 3, and inclining the part of the base 2 for installing the antenna ribs;
secondly, after confirming that the target points are not tilted or fall off, vertically placing two special reference scales 5 for carbon fiber photogrammetry with the length of no less than 800mm on a base 2 and a platform 4 respectively, placing an antenna rib 1, the base 2, an inclined plane switching tool 3, the platform 4 and the reference scales 5 in a step-in high-low temperature box 6 with the internal dimension of no less than 5.5m multiplied by 4m together, setting the minimum distance between the inner wall of the incubator 6 and the antenna rib 1 to be 1m, setting the internal pressure of the incubator 6 to be normal pressure, and then keeping the incubator 6 to stand for at least 2 hours under various working conditions;
thirdly, after the incubator 6 is placed, arranging two layers of measuring channels outside the overall envelope lines of the antenna ribs 1, wherein the first layer of measuring channel is positioned at 2.5m outside the overall envelope lines of the antenna ribs 1, the second layer of measuring channel is positioned at 2m outside the overall envelope lines of the antenna ribs 1, 9 measuring stations are arranged at equal intervals on each layer of measuring channel, each measuring station utilizes a camera 7 to aim at the center of a plane projection area of the antenna ribs 1 for three-point measurement, each camera is horizontally arranged at 0 degree and vertically arranged at 90 degrees, and each measuring station has 6 photos;
fourthly, adjusting the initial exposure time of the camera 7 to be 1ms and the exposure intensity to be 7, and correspondingly increasing or decreasing the exposure time and the intensity according to the gray level and the fullness degree of pixels of image points in the shot picture; the scanning range is adjusted in industrial photogrammetry software, the X-direction pixel range is 2-200, the Y-direction is 2-200, the number of mark pixels is 4-3000, and the shape smoothness, overexposure and brightness are neglected. Exposure time, exposure intensity and scanning parameters of industrial photogrammetry software, and when the maximum gray level of all measuring points is 100-200 and the number of pixels is full enough, the measurement is finished;
and fifthly, establishing a mark point integral adjustment calculation model according to the measurement result, and calculating the mark point adjustment root mean square.
Examples
And (3) finishing the thermal deformation measurement of the antenna rib in high-temperature and low-temperature environments according to the steps, establishing a thermal deformation analysis coordinate system by adopting coordinates of high-temperature, low-temperature and normal-temperature measurement points as references through 18-point coordinates of the upper surface of the invar steel base respectively during data analysis, wherein the origin of the coordinate system is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the invar steel base, the Z axis is vertical to the upper surface, and the Z value variation of the high-temperature and low-temperature measurement values relative to the normal-temperature measurement values is directly increased under a unified coordinate.
The example proves that the maximum test error of the antenna rib under the normal temperature working condition is 0.02mm, the maximum test error of the antenna rib under the high temperature working condition is 0.025mm, the maximum test error of the antenna rib under the low temperature working condition is 0.045mm, the thermal deformation measurement of the antenna rib under the high temperature of 60 ℃ and the vertical end of the antenna rib under the low temperature of-60 ℃ is 0.2mm, and the requirements of technical indexes are met.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details not described in the present specification are well known.
Claims (7)
1. A high and low temperature environment micro-deformation test method based on photogrammetry is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a plurality of antenna ribs (1) are uniformly and intensively arranged on a base (2) at intervals of 20 degrees, target points and coding points are uniformly adhered to each antenna rib (1) and the base (2), the base (2) is arranged on a platform (4) by utilizing an inclined surface switching tool (3), and the part of the base (2) where the antenna ribs (1) are arranged inclines downwards;
secondly, after confirming that the target points are not tilted or fall off, respectively placing two reference scales (5) on the base (2) and the platform (4), placing the antenna rib (1), the base (2), the inclined plane switching tool (3), the platform (4) and the reference scales (5) in the incubator (6) together, and then keeping the incubator (6) to stand for at least 2 hours under each working condition;
thirdly, after the incubator (6) is placed, two layers of measuring channels are arranged on the outer sides of the overall envelope lines of the plurality of antenna ribs (1), a plurality of measuring stations are arranged on each layer of measuring channel at equal intervals, each measuring station adopts a camera (7) to aim at the central three-point measurement of the overall plane projection area of the antenna ribs (1), and each measuring point utilizes the camera (7) to shoot 6 pictures;
fourthly, adjusting the exposure time and the exposure intensity of the camera (7) and scanning parameters of industrial photogrammetry software, and finishing measurement when the maximum gray level of all measuring points is 100-200 and the number of pixels is full enough;
fifthly, establishing a mark point integral adjustment calculation model according to the measurement result, and calculating a mark point adjustment root mean square;
in the first step, the antenna ribs (1) adopt an arc-shaped rod structure, one end of each antenna rib (1) is fixedly connected with the base (2), the number of the antenna ribs (1) is not more than 10, not less than 28 target points are uniformly distributed on each antenna rib (1), the diameter of each target point on each antenna rib (1) is not less than 6mm, not less than 5 coding points are uniformly distributed on each antenna rib (1), the diameter of each coding point on each antenna rib (1) is not less than 3mm, and the target points on each antenna rib (1) are not coincident with the coding points;
in the first step, the base (2) is of a hollow cylinder structure, the base (2) is made of invar steel, at least 18 target points are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the base (2) close to the edge region, the diameter of the target points on the upper surface of the base (2) is not less than 6mm, at least 6 coding points are distributed on the upper surface of the base (2) close to the edge region at equal intervals, the diameter of the coding points of the base (2) is not less than 3mm, and the target points on the upper surface of the base (2) are not overlapped with the coding points;
in the second step, the temperature box (6) adopts a step-in high-low temperature box with the internal dimension not less than 5.5m multiplied by 4m, the minimum distance between the inner wall of the temperature box (6) and the antenna rib (1) is set as 1m, and the internal pressure of the temperature box (6) is set as the normal pressure.
2. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the platform (4) is of a solid cubic structure, the platform (4) is made of marble, the weight of the platform (4) is not less than 1t, and the minimum distance between the platform (4) and the antenna rib (1) is set to be 10 mm.
3. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, reference scale (5) adopt the special reference scale of photogrammetry of length no less than 800mm, two all adopt the carbon fiber to the material of reference scale (5), two reference scales (5) mutually perpendicular, one reference scale (5) are placed in base (2) one end, and another reference scale (5) are placed on platform (4).
4. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the incubator (6) has the functions of providing high temperature and low temperature; the high temperature range meets 20-100 ℃, and the low temperature range meets 20-70 ℃.
5. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, the first layer of measuring channel is positioned at 2.5m outside the overall envelope line of the plurality of antenna ribs (1), the second layer of measuring channel is positioned at 2m outside the overall envelope line of the plurality of antenna ribs (1), each layer of measuring channel is provided with 9 measuring stations, each measuring station utilizes a camera (7) to shoot the overall plane projection area of the antenna ribs (1) according to three points, each camera is horizontally arranged at 0 degree and vertically arranged at 90 degrees, and each measuring station has 6 pictures.
6. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the exposure time of the camera (7) is initially adjusted to be 1ms, the exposure intensity is 7, and the exposure time and the exposure intensity are correspondingly increased or decreased according to the gray level and the fullness degree of pixels of image points in a shot picture; the scanning range is adjusted in industrial photogrammetry software, the X-direction pixel range is 2-200, the Y-direction pixel range is 2-200, the number of mark pixels is 4-3000, and the shape smoothness, overexposure and brightness are ignored.
7. The photogrammetry-based high and low temperature environment micro-deformation testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the three-dimensional coordinates of the object to be measured are obtained after image scanning processing, mark point identification, image matching, space point triangular intersection and light beam adjustment, and an integral adjustment model is established:
wherein: x1, X2 and X3 are respectively the elements of the external orientation of the photos, the coordinates of the mark points and the vector of the correction numbers of the parameters in the camera; a1, A2 and A3 are corresponding coefficient matrixes respectively; l1 is the observation vector of the marker image point coordinates; v1 is a weight matrix of the coordinates of the marker image points; l3 is a virtual observation vector of internal parameters, typically a zero vector; v3 is a weight matrix of virtual observations of the internal parameters.
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| CN109059805A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-21 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of day line style face precision method for fast measuring |
| CN109870115A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-11 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of body surface strain gauge means under damp and hot load |
| CN110967206B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-06-03 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Device and method for measuring relative pose relation of end surfaces of elongated pieces in high-temperature and low-temperature environments |
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| CN101694373B (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-11-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Antenna deformation measuring method |
| CN102410818B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-05 | 浙江工业大学 | High-precision measurement system for measuring deformation of measured piece in high and low temperature box |
| CN103714571B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-08-10 | 西安新拓三维光测科技有限公司 | A kind of based on photogrammetric single camera three-dimensional rebuilding method |
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