CN107866617B - Metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing - Google Patents
Metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107866617B CN107866617B CN201610842139.XA CN201610842139A CN107866617B CN 107866617 B CN107866617 B CN 107866617B CN 201610842139 A CN201610842139 A CN 201610842139A CN 107866617 B CN107866617 B CN 107866617B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
Abstract
A metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing is technically characterized by comprising the following steps: filling brazing gaps with metal powder with the same or similar chemical components as a matrix, wherein the filling mode of the gaps is three-layer filling, the three-layer filling comprises bottom layer filling, middle layer filling and upper layer filling, the content of low-melting-point components in bottom layer filling powder is 0% -15%, the content of low-melting-point components in middle layer filling powder is 20% -40%, the content of low-melting-point components in upper layer filling powder is 80% -100%, the content of bottom layer filling powder is not lower than 50%, the content of middle layer filling powder is not higher than 37.5%, and the content of upper layer filling powder is not higher than 25%; by adopting the technical scheme, the liquid low-melting-point component from the upper layer flows to the bottom layer in the brazing process, so that the particles of the high-melting-point component are rearranged, small solid-phase particles are dissolved in the liquid phase and are separated out again as fine grains after the liquid phase is saturated, and the quantity of the liquid phase required for realizing the densification of the joint is less.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation material processing and welding directions, in particular to a metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing.
Background
In the conventional brazing, liquid brazing filler metal flows into and stays in joint gaps by utilizing a capillary phenomenon, and the gap size has a crucial influence on the filling of the brazing filler metal and the performance of joints, so that the brazing gap is required to be less than 0.15mm and is usually kept within the range of 0.04-0.08 mm during the assembly of parts before welding. However, for cast nickel-based superalloy and cobalt-based superalloy parts which are complex in structure and difficult to machine, it is very difficult to ensure the assembly gap during manufacturing and repairing, and particularly for difficult-to-weld superalloy parts which are scrapped due to cracks, the brazing filler metal is difficult to wet and spread due to the generation of a compact oxide film on the surfaces of the cracks. The crack is cleaned by a mechanical polishing method, the clearance after cleaning is usually larger than 1mm, the clearance has no capillary action, and the molten solder cannot stay and fill the clearance, so that the cast high-temperature alloy part difficult to weld must be welded and repaired by a large-clearance brazing method.
Large gap brazing refers to a welding method in which a brazing filler material is preset in a gap and heated to form a dense metallurgical bond under the condition that the brazing gap is larger than 1mm and the conventional capillary action cannot be realized. Large gap brazing filler materials are typically composed of two parts: one part is alloy powder with lower melting point, called low melting point component, namely conventional solder; the other part is alloy powder with a higher melting point, which is called high melting point component. The high melting point component in the filler material does not melt at the brazing temperature but undergoes solidification sintering, so that a large brazing gap is bridged by a small brazing gap having a capillary action. Meanwhile, the low-melting-point component in the filling material is melted at the brazing temperature to form a liquid phase, and the liquid phase wets and fills the gap between the solid base metal and the high-melting-point powder to finally form compact metallurgical bonding.
Since the low melting point component of the large gap brazing filler material generally contains a melting point reducing element such as B, Si, a brittle intermetallic compound phase is easily formed in the brazing gap. The amount, size, morphology and distribution of the compounds directly determine the strength and plasticity of the brazed joint. Therefore, how to optimize the ratio of the low-melting-point component to the high-melting-point component in the large-gap brazing filler material so as to control the distribution of the brittle compounds in the joint and improve the mechanical property of the joint is the key to the success of the large-gap brazing repair.
The gap filling mode in the prior art is generally a mode of filling after mixing high-melting-point and low-melting-point component powder, and filling high-melting-point and low-melting-point components in a layered mode, but the method has certain limitation when being applied to deep and narrow crack repair.
In the powder filling mode, the existing large-gap brazing technology generally adopts a mode of mixing a high-melting-point component and a low-melting-point component to form a paste-like filler, and then fills a brazing gap, as shown in fig. 1; in order to avoid the defects of loose joints and holes caused by insufficient content of local low-melting-point components, the content of the low-melting-point components is usually not lower than 50% in powder proportion; however, due to the introduction of a large amount of low-melting-point components, the content of non-metallic elements such as B, Si in a large-gap brazed joint is remarkably higher than that of a matrix, and massive or chain brittle compounds with larger sizes are formed in the joint, so that diffusion is difficult to eliminate even if the joint is kept warm for a long time, and finally, the mechanical property of the joint is remarkably lower than that of the matrix.
In order to improve the mechanical property of the joint, the content of the low-melting-point component in the filling powder is reduced as much as possible, but under the condition of low content of the low-melting-point component, the specific surface area of the filling powder is large, the liquid low-melting-point component is preferentially wetted and spread among high-melting-point powder particles under the action of capillary force, the filling powder is subjected to agglomeration and shrinkage, and finally, a large gap is formed between the powder and a matrix interface due to inconsistent shrinkage of the matrix and the filling powder, so that the defect that the interface is not welded is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a metal powder filling method for large gap brazing.
A method for filling metal powder for large-gap brazing is characterized in that metal powder with the same or similar chemical components as a matrix is selected to fill brazing gaps, and the filling mode of the gaps is three-layer filling.
Further, the three-layer filling is bottom filling, middle filling and upper filling.
Furthermore, the content of the low-melting-point component in the bottom layer filling powder is 0% -15%, the content of the low-melting-point component in the middle layer filling powder is 20% -40%, and the content of the low-melting-point component in the upper layer filling powder is 80% -100%.
Further, the content of the low-melting component in the bottom layer filling powder was 10%, the content of the low-melting component in the middle layer filling powder was 30%, and the content of the low-melting component in the upper layer filling powder was 90%.
Further, the ratio of the bottom layer filling powder is not less than 50%, the ratio of the middle layer filling powder is not more than 37.5%, and the ratio of the upper layer filling powder is not more than 25%.
Further, the ratio of the bottom layer filling to the middle layer filling to the upper layer filling is 3:2:1, respectively.
Further, the proportion of the filling powder in each level and the content of the low-melting-point component in different levels are adjusted, so that the content of the low-melting-point component in the whole joint is kept between 25 and 35 percent.
Further, the content of the low-melting component was kept at 30% throughout the joint.
Further, the brazing gap is filled with metal powder having a chemical composition different from that of the matrix.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, in the brazing process, because the bottom layer filling metal powder does not contain or contains little low-melting-point component, the liquid low-melting-point component from the upper layer flows to the bottom layer, on one hand, the high-melting-point component particles are rearranged, the gaps among the particles are reduced, on the other hand, small solid-phase particles are dissolved in a liquid phase and are separated out again in fine grains after the liquid phase is saturated, and therefore, the quantity of the liquid phase required for realizing the densification of the joint is less;
2, a fast diffusion path is provided by the existence of the liquid phase to improve the joint material transmission speed, the joint diffusion homogenization speed is higher and the required time is shorter by virtue of the characteristic that the specific surface area of the powder particles is large, and the liquid low-melting-point component in the upper layer filling powder provides guarantee for the densification filling of the bottom layer, so that the welding defects such as looseness, holes and the like are effectively eliminated;
3, the reduction of the dosage of the low-melting-point powder in the large-gap soldered joint can obviously shorten the diffusion homogenization time of the large-gap soldered joint and improve the mechanical property of the joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the principle of filling a brazing gap in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the principle of filling a brazing gap according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in figure 2, the metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing is characterized in that metal powder with the same or similar chemical components as a base body is selected to fill a brazing gap, the gap is filled in three layers, the three layers are filled in a manner that a bottom layer filling 1, a middle layer filling 2 and an upper layer filling 3 are filled in the bottom layer filling 1, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the bottom layer filling 1 is 0%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the middle layer filling 2 is 20%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the upper layer filling 3 is 80%, the ratio of the bottom layer filling 1 to the middle layer filling 2 to the upper layer filling 3 is respectively 2:1:1, and the low-melting-point component content in the whole joint is kept at 25% by adjusting the filling powder ratio of each layer and the low-melting-point.
Example 2
As shown in figure 2, the metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing is characterized in that a part material is cast nickel-based high-temperature alloy, surface cracks of the part material form a V-shaped groove with a maximum gap of 2.0mm after mechanical polishing and cleaning, when large-gap brazing repair is carried out, metal powder with the same or similar chemical components as a matrix is selected to fill a brazing gap, the gap is filled in three layers, the three layers are filled in a bottom layer filling mode 1, a middle layer filling mode 2 and an upper layer filling mode 3, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the bottom layer filling mode 1 is 10%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the middle layer filling mode 2 is 30%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the upper layer filling mode 3 is 90%, the powder of the bottom layer filling mode 1 is not less than 50%, the powder of the middle layer filling mode 2 is not more than 37.5%, the powder of the upper layer filling mode 3 is not more than 25%, the powder of the bottom layer filling mode 1, the middle layer, by adjusting the proportion of filling powder in each level and the content of low-melting-point components in different levels, the manufacturability of large-gap brazing is guaranteed, the content of the low-melting-point components in the whole joint is kept at 30%, the content of melting-reducing elements such as B, Si in the large-gap brazed joint is reduced, the structure of the brazed joint is compact, continuous large block-shaped compound phases are not separated out along a grain boundary, and the mechanical property of the joint is obviously improved.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 2, a method for filling metal powder for large gap brazing, wherein the brazing gap is filled with metal powder with the chemical composition same as or similar to that of a base body, or the brazing gap is filled with metal powder with the chemical composition significantly different from that of the base body, for example, a cobalt-based alloy part is also filled with nickel-based alloy powder to meet the use requirement, the gap is filled in three layers, namely, an underfill 1, an interlayer 2 and an upper layer 3, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the underfill 1 is 15%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the interlayer 2 is 40%, the low-melting-point component content in the powder of the upper layer 3 is 100%, the ratio of the underfill 1 to the powder of the interlayer 2 to the upper layer 3 is respectively 4:3:1, and by adjusting the proportion of the powder filled in each layer and the low-melting-point component content in different layers, the method ensures the manufacturability of large-gap brazing, and simultaneously keeps the content of low-melting-point components in the whole joint at 35 percent, thereby reducing the content of melting-reducing elements such as B, Si in the large-gap brazing joint.
Claims (7)
1. A method for filling metal powder for large-gap brazing is characterized in that: the brazing gap is filled with metal powder with the same or similar chemical components as the base body, the filling mode of the gap is three-layer filling, the three-layer filling comprises bottom layer filling, middle layer filling and upper layer filling, the content of the low-melting-point component in the bottom layer filling powder is 0% -15%, the content of the low-melting-point component in the middle layer filling powder is 20% -40%, and the content of the low-melting-point component in the upper layer filling powder is 80% -100%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the gap between the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal powder: the low-melting-point component content in the bottom layer filling powder is 10%, the low-melting-point component content in the middle layer filling powder is 30%, and the low-melting-point component content in the upper layer filling powder is 90%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the gap between the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal powder: the ratio of the bottom layer filling powder is not less than 50%, the ratio of the middle layer filling powder is not more than 37.5%, and the ratio of the upper layer filling powder is not more than 25%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the gap between the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal powder: the ratio of bottom layer filling to intermediate layer filling to upper layer filling is 3:2:1 respectively.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the gap between the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal powder: the filling powder proportion of each level and the content of the low-melting-point component in different levels are adjusted, so that the content of the low-melting-point component in the whole joint is kept between 25 and 35 percent.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of filling the metal powder into the brazing filler metal powder comprises: the content of the low-melting component in the whole joint is kept at 30 percent.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the gap between the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal powder: the metal powder with chemical composition different from that of the matrix is selected for filling the brazing gap.
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| CN201610842139.XA CN107866617B (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2016-09-23 | Metal powder filling method for large-gap brazing |
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| CN112440026B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-10 | 鄂尔多斯市特种设备检验所 | Modified austenitic stainless steel surfacing welding electrode and preparation method thereof |
| US11524350B1 (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2022-12-13 | General Electric Company | Backwall strike braze repair |
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| CN103551794A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-02-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High temperature alloy hot end part large gap defect transient state liquid phase infiltration repairing method |
| CN103862145A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Butt welding method of pipeline lined with coating |
| CN204686295U (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-10-07 | 郑州机械研究所 | Metal-cored composite silver solder |
| CN105728877A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-06 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Method for repairing torsional cylinder by laser welding |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090159645A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Laurent Cretegny | Brazing alloy compositions and methods |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6520401B1 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-02-18 | Sermatech International, Inc. | Diffusion bonding of gaps |
| CN103052466A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2013-04-17 | 斯奈克玛 | Composite powder for assembling or resurfacing of parts made of superalloy by diffusion welding |
| CN202479714U (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-10-10 | 郑州机械研究所 | Grain filling composite electrode suitable for wide-gap brazing |
| CN103551794A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-02-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High temperature alloy hot end part large gap defect transient state liquid phase infiltration repairing method |
| CN103862145A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Butt welding method of pipeline lined with coating |
| CN204686295U (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-10-07 | 郑州机械研究所 | Metal-cored composite silver solder |
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