CN107855353A - A kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
A kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107855353A CN107855353A CN201710990900.9A CN201710990900A CN107855353A CN 107855353 A CN107855353 A CN 107855353A CN 201710990900 A CN201710990900 A CN 201710990900A CN 107855353 A CN107855353 A CN 107855353A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil, this method is on Water spray to contaminated soil, will to add water, acid adding and the biodegradable surfactant of addition.Water flows through soil by surface, heated, turn over, shake, and heavy metal ion is soluble in water, reduces the heavy metal concentration remained in soil.In the sewage that lower position is collected, reuse sprays again after electric flocculation purifies, no emission problem.Surfactant is in natural degradation in several weeks, no chemical residues thing, or secondary pollution.This method remediation efficiency is high, and energy consumption is low, and non-secondary pollution, near-zero release.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil, and in particular to one kind is not being moved
Break ground in the case of earth, flow through surface with water, clean soil, reduce heavy metal in soil content, repetitive cycling after sewage is purified
The method used, belong to heavy-metal contaminated soil elution technique field.
Background technology
Soil is earth surface loose surface layer, to the place planted food and lived, human survival is lived to
Close important.But in mankind's activity, the heavy metal pollution of soil is caused, such as industrial sludge, agricultural garbage, sewage irrigation, big
Pollutant settles in gas, a large amount of mineral chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals using containing heavy metal etc., these pollutions be dispersed in ten million hectare it is good
Field, and live, industry and commerce ground.
Heavy metal pollution can pass through the absorption of plantation food, be transmitted directly to human body, or through poultry, inhaled indirectly by human body
Receive.Also heavy metal such as mercury, lead etc. enter human body by air.Heavy metal pollution harm is most strong for mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic.
Secondly it is copper, zinc, nickel, beryllium, barium, selenium etc..Heavy metal can not be decomposed in human body, can build up.During to finite concentration, i.e.,
Endocrine can be influenceed, and produces various slight illness.As cadmium can cause arthralgia, neuralgia and whole body ostalgia.Many huge sum of moneys in the world
Public hazards caused by category pollution, are widely known by the people.
In view of the seriousness of soil pollution by heavy metal, the national remediation contaminated soil action scheme in announcement in 2015, again
Claim have clear and definite regulation to remediation contaminated soil in ten, soil.Except the content of beary metal to farmland, there are strict requirements, for occupying
Firmly, the land used heavy metal pollution such as business, industry, exhibitions also has clear and definite index, need to be by examining before soil building utilization, symbol
After closing every contamination index, it can develop.Therefore the pollution caused by the unordered exploitation of this generation, need to be handled in this generation
Purification, it is impossible to leave troubles to 10000 years.
Soil remediation refers to the method transfer using physics, chemistry and biology, absorbed, the pollution in degraded and conversion soil
Thing, its concentration is reduced to acceptable level, or poisonous and hazardous pollutant is converted into harmless material.It is heavy metal-polluted at present
Dye soil restoring technology mainly has soil replacement method, electromotion repairing technique method, Thermal desorption method, Vitrification, fixing-stable method, leaching
Method and phytoremediation, respectively there is its advantage and disadvantage.Wherein most thorough and quick, economical and effective mode is Soil leaching.
Elution reparation is divided into (in situ) in situ and two kinds of dystopy (ex situ), and in-situ immobilization is applied to pollutant concentration
Relatively low, the larger situation of area, showering is applied to seriously polluted, the less situation of area.It is in situ to be divided into plane again
(planner) and depth (vertical) repairs two kinds, and dystopy can be divided into field (onsite) and strange land (offsite) reparation
Two kinds.The present invention uses plane elution in situ to repair, i.e., in the case where not moving soil regime, water flows through surface, and soil is clear
Wash clean.When soil property belongs to clay property, and pollutant divides Fabric shallower, this mode is applicable.If soil property belongs to sand property, and
When pollutant divides Fabric deeper, then need to repair using depth in situ.
Soil leaching is general at present only to be focused on cleaning in sludge, but sewage disposal there is no clear and definite technique after having cleaned.It is how dirty
Water is not outer to be arranged, and does not cause secondary pollution, and by Treated sewage reusing, saving water resource, heavy-metal contaminated soil elution is turned into zero
Pollution, the technique of zero-emission, there is no clear and definite overall plan at present.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of the present invention, by Water spray on soil, water flows through soil
It is during earth surface that heavy metal is soluble in water, heavy metal in soil concentration is reduced, sewage is collected in lower position, it is net to carry out sewage
Change, be re-used to cleaning showers after purification, form the recycling of water.
Further, it is the soil parallel to surface to flow through soil.
Further, during spray soil can heat, acid adding, plus surfactant and add soil stabilizer.
Further, it is stirred when water flows through soil, shakes operation.
Further, it is heated to be fuel heating or solar energy heating.
Further, acid is hydrochloric acid HCl or nitric acid HNO3.
Further, surfactant is biodegradable surfactant.
Further, stirring operation is turned over for cultivator.
Further, shake for ultrasonic vibrating.
Further, after the completion of Water spray cleaning, soil pH value is tuned into alkalescence, and adds stabilizer, by a remaining huge sum of money
Category is stable in clay lattice, is not easy to disengage.
Further, sewage purification uses electric flocculation purification style.
Further, heavy metal is converted into oxide by electric flocculation purification style.
Further, electric flocculation uses multi-piece electrode plate, upright arranged in parallel.
Further, electric flocculation, which is connected or connected using electrode, adds parallel way.
Further, the positive and negative level of every several minutes of the reversions of electric flocculation institute receiving electrode is once.
The beneficial effect that is reached of the present invention is：
1. the present invention is not required to move soil, energy consumption is low, no airborne dust, noiseless, non-secondary pollution, can large area implementation.
2. the heavy metal in soil overwhelming majority is converted into the form of solubility by the present invention, soluble in water, sludge is cleaned.
3. surface can be turned to by contaminated soil of about 30 centimetres from surface rapidly by turning over, clean up.
4. dissolving of the heavy metal in water can be promoted by cleaning the surfactant added during soil.
5. surfactant natural degradation within several weeks, any chemical substance, non-secondary pollution are not remained.
6. solar energy heating, promote elution benefit.
7. sewage turns into clear water after electric flocculation purifies, it is re-used to clean sludge, turns into a complete circulation, nothing is appointed
What sewage discharge problem.
Exist 8. the heavy metal separated in sludge is more with oxide, few part exists with hydroxide, therefore shape
State is stable, can make percolate test, it was demonstrated that after it is not belonging to hazardous waste, filled with Ordinary solid waste.
9. soil cleaned after again by a small amount of remaining heavy metal stabilization, lower bio-toxicity.
10. soil makes alkalescence into, toxinosis is reduced.
Whole lessivation containing heavy-metal contaminated soil turns into no pollution, the technique of zero-emission.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
Apply example to be used to explain the present invention together, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is that soil in-situ plane elutes schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is electric flocculation principle schematic；
Fig. 3 is several electrode tandem junction fruit schematic diagrames of electric flocculation.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below, it will be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly and completely
Description, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, based on this hair
Embodiment in bright, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is that soil in-situ plane elutes schematic diagram.Prevent that water is excessive in the soil surrounding buildingses earth embankment that need to be renovated.Water from
While injection, flows out from another side.Heavy metal ion is desorbed into water from soil surface, then is diffused in the current of upper strata by band
Walk.Water is after electric flocculation purifies, reuse again.Black film is covered on the water surface, increases solar absorption, increases water temperature, and prevent
Sealing steam raising and radiating.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of electric flocculation.The parallel battery lead plate of two panels is placed in aqueous, leads to upper direct current, just
Electrochemical reaction can be produced.Ferroelectricity pole piece is such as used, anode produces iron ion Fe+3 and ferrous ion Fe+2, with very strong
Chemism, the heavy metal in water can be converted into oxide.Negative electrode produces hydroxyl ion OH- and hydrogen H2.Hydroxide
Iron Fe (OH) 3 has flocculation, can adsorb molecule, forms larger particle, is easy to filter out.Hydroxyl radical free radical (OH)
It is most strong oxidant, degradable COD.
Fig. 3 is several electrode tandem junction fruit schematic diagrames of electric flocculation.First plate electrode is connected to positive pole, and last plate electrode connects
To negative pole, middle battery lead plate need not be connected to power supply, with water as medium, voltage NATURAL DISTRIBUTION to all electrode slices.Voltage
Voltage V between each pair battery lead plate is multiplied by space-number n, electric current I of the electric current between each pair battery lead plate.
The present invention is a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil, is comprised the following steps：
Step（1）, selection clayey soil, and pollute and be distributed shallower regulation region, around build an earth embankment, prevent that water is excessive.
Region higher end injects water into ground, and best water can submerge all areas.Heavy metal is soluble in water, and then water is from the other end
Or lower ground side's outflow；
Step（2）, acid solution, biodegradable surfactant can be added in water, then heat, turn over and ultrasonic vibrating, enter
Row elution, will be attached to the heavy metal on silt surface, never exchangeable species are converted into exchangeable species, and are desorbed, and are dissolved in water
In；
Step（3）, sewage handled by electric flocculation, make the heavy metal dissolved in water, through peroxidating, degraded, flocculate, filter out
To obtain clear water, while sterilize, deodorization.Clear water can reuse clean sludge.The body refuse containing heavy metal that flocculation filtration comes out is through pressure
It is low containing toxicity after dry, it can work as general sludge treatment after percolate test is up to standard.
Step（4）, eluted after, Wei Liang Cured liquid or quick lime are added in soil, pH value is adjusted to Wei Cured, and add
Soil stabilizer, the heavy metal of residual is converted into not exchangeable species, reduces diafiltration and bio-toxicity.
In step（1）Middle clayey soil water penetration is low, therefore water not easily runs off, and it is deeper to be not easy to permeate the ground pollutant
Place.Also therefore more than vertical distribution of the pollutant in clayey soil within 20 centimetres, regulation is easier to.
If ground level, the gradient is small, and smooth, and as paddy field, full wafer area is all under water, then all places are all
Can uniformly it renovate, depth of accumulated water can be with shallower, and same processing water-carrying capacity, rate of water exchange can be accelerated, and accelerates the regulation time.
If ground out-of-flatness, or it is gradient, can still this elution mode be used, as long as the mobility for maintaining surface moisture and water is
Can, but effect is relatively low, and the required regulation time lengthens.
In step（2）Middle acid solution can promote dissolving of the heavy metal in water.Heavy metal mainly divides five kinds of shapes in soil
State is present：Exchangeable species, carbonate combine state, Fe-Mn oxide, organically combine state, residual form.Wherein exchangeable species are soluble in
In water, another four kinds of forms are less soluble in water.Under sour environment, these four forms are gradually converted into exchangeable species, Ran Hourong
Yu Shuizhong, it is removed.
Anion surfactant can reduce the surface tension of water, make the heavy metal contaminants of surface attachment by crimper
Reason, is easier to be desorbed into water from soil surface.Surfactant also has solubilization, increases pollutant solubility in water.Cause
The addition of this surfactant, accelerate dissolving of the pollutant in water, more thoroughly clear the pollution off.
But surfactant has hundreds to thousands of ppm concentration in water, contain 60-90%'s after having eluted, in soil
Moisture, wherein still there is remnants surfactant, cause secondary pollution.The present invention uses biodegradable surfactant, such as
Rhamnolipid and sophorolipid, itself it is the generation of decomposed by microbial carbohydrate, without other synthetic chemicals, therefore remains in
Surfactant in soil can be in natural degradation in several weeks, without any harmful chemicals residue, the doubt of non-secondary pollution.
Heating can make clod soft, and increase dissolving and diffusion of the pollutant in water.It will be consumed energy very much with fuel heating.
It is more economical effectively with solar energy heating.The heat-sink shell of one layer of lightweight black is covered on the water surface, black can reduce sunlight reflection simultaneously
More solar energy is absorbed, water is heated.Surface coating reduces wind radiating simultaneously and water vapour scatters and disappears, saving water resource.
Even 3-5 DEG C degree heat can also accelerate heavy metal dissolving diffusion, and regulation the time.
Ultrasonic vibrating makes the pollutants such as the heavy metal of soil surface absorption be easy to be desorbed from soil surface by void effect
Get off, it is soluble in water.Ultrasonic plate can cover about 0.5m2Area, in the water surface, slowly movement can be covered several pieces ultrasonic plates back and forth
Lid whole region, increase regulation benefit.
Soil pollution over time, is gradually spread toward depths, but major part is all distributed in 20 centimetres of cm depth.Rice etc.
Alimentary crop root system about 95% is distributed in depth 30cm, therefore heavy metal pollution regulation also focuses in depth 30cm more.In soil
Maximally effective depth is 2-5cm when earth elutes, it is therefore desirable to turns over, the deep soil of 30cm is turned into ground with cultivator, carried out
Elution.
Usual surface 1cm is pollution concentration highest place, therefore the heavy metal for just starting to be dissolved out when eluting is most.
A few days aftereffect gradually lowers, and now turns over top layer about 5-10 cm soil with cultivator, on the one hand makes soil soft, profit
Diffused out in heavy metal from soil, on the one hand allow lower soil to have the chance being leached.Now water is very muddy, is unfavorable for follow-up
The purification of water.Therefore a few days is stood, after allowing suspended substance sedimentation to get off, is further continued for allowing water circulation to elute.Turn over next time as 10-
20cm is deep.After so eluting, turn over, standing, eluting several cycles, reach about 30cm depth, or heavy metal concentration less than detection
After limit value, the elution of this region is completed, and water is pumped into another region, eluted.Turn over increased depth every time, total depth, and
Depending on number is turned over pollutant concentration and distribution, turn over that number is more, elution it is cleaner, it is corresponding to elute the time and also add
It is long.
In step（3）Middle electric flocculation processing is connected by conductive electrode film to be powered to realize.
Electric flocculation processing method be：Place the conductive electrode film of more than two in water, material can be iron, aluminium, no
Become rusty sheet metal or the graphite such as steel, copper, titanium.Electrode slice is connected on dc source, as shown in Figure 2.By taking iron plate as an example, metal electrode film
Add direct current, anode produces iron ion（Fe+3）And ferrous ion (Fe+2), can be by water with very strong chemism
Heavy metal is converted into oxide, such as cadmium oxide CdO, chromium oxide Cr2O3, lead oxide PbO, arsenic oxide arsenoxide As2O3, As2O5, oxidation
Mercury HgO etc., these heavy metallic oxides solubility in water is low, therefore is separated out from water.
Negative electrode produces hydroxyl (OH-).Core of the iron hydroxide as cohesion, the electricity on little particle surface nearby can be changed
Son distribution or polarity, so as to which neighbouring little particle be attached together, flocculate into larger particle.When particle flocculation to micron with
When upper, air supporting or settled down, and be easy for being fallen by strainer filtering.
Hydroxyl radical free radical (OH) is produced between electrode, is most strong oxidant, organic matter long-chain carbon key can be broken
Split, be easy to flocculate, or even be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.Therefore it is highly effective to greasy dirt, COD in degradation water.
Electric flocculation can also handle organic matter, chloride, agricultural chemicals, greasy dirt, and have the functions such as bleaching, sterilization, deodorization.
It is increase processing benefit in electric flocculation equipment, commonly uses multiple electrodes piece.Several electrodes, which connect electrically, series connection, simultaneously
Connection and series connection adduction join three kinds of modes.Series connection is high voltage low current, and parallel connection is low voltage and high current, and series connection adduction connection is middle electricity
Electric current in pressure.Electrode array UNICOM often only needs hundreds of volt voltages and hundreds of Ampere currents in water treatment facilities, and power supply supply is easy,
Therefore the electrode slice more than the big quantity of area can be used, handles big water.If in parallel using electrode, voltage during same power
Low, electric current is big, may need amperes thousands of or up to ten thousand, power supply supply bottleneck, therefore can only make the application of small water.The present invention uses
Electrode series system, therefore be only possible to handle big yield.
When electric flocculation is reacted, some impurities in water can be deposited on battery lead plate, cause electrode passivation, or even short circuit.Cause
This every several minutes of positive and negative umpolung, makes impurity be not easy to be deposited on electrode slice, solves the problems, such as electrode passivation.
After impurities in water flocculates into micron particles, air supporting or sedimentation, it is separated from the water out, centrifugation or pressure can be used
Filter removes these particles, therefore removes impurities in water, obtains clear water.
Sludge is cleaned in clear water reuse, and water circulation uses, and only need to supplement the water being lost on a small quantity, secondary without sewage discharge etc.
Pollution problem.
The efficiency of elution with heavy metal from earth surfaces desorption rate except having outside the Pass, the also speed and heavy metal with changing water
Diffusion rate in water is relevant, and the latter is more often key factor.It is fast unlike dystopy elution because diffusion velocity is slower
Speed, therefore elution in situ often needs the time of more than several weeks, but thousands of square metres of area can be handled simultaneously, therefore changed with the time
Take space.
The body refuse containing heavy metal that flocculation filtration comes out is through pressing dry, and because it is mainly heavy metallic oxide, similar mineral are toxic
Property is low, after leaching characteristic identification, can reach hazardous waste judging standard, therefore can work as general sludge treatment, no danger
Waste discharge problems.
In step（4）It is middle eluted after, Wei Liang Cured liquid or quick lime are added in soil, pH value is adjusted to Wei Cured, and
Soil stabilizer is added, the heavy metal of residual is converted into not exchangeable species, reduces diafiltration and bio-toxicity.
Sour environment is advantageous to heavy metal, and comparatively fast dissolving disengages, therefore water used during elution is acid.Under alkaline environment,
Heavy metal is relatively stable, beneficial to from exchangeable species, gradually to carbonate combine state, Fe-Mn oxide, organically combine state and residual form
Direction is changed, and is contributed to heavy metal stabilization in clay lattice, is significantly lowered release rate, mitigate the poison of heavy metal in soil
Property.Addition soil stabilizer also has similar effect.
Basic soil can simultaneously lower the virus evil to biology.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are these are only, are not intended to limit the invention, although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still can be right
Technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of.
Claims (15)
- A kind of 1. plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil, it is characterised in that by Water spray on soil, water During soil surface that heavy metal is soluble in water, reduction heavy metal in soil concentration is flowed through, collects sewage in lower position, progress is dirty Water warfare, cleaning showers are re-used to after purification, form the recycling of water.
- 2. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterised in that flow through soil Earth is the soil parallel to surface.
- 3. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterised in that sprayed In journey soil can heat, acid adding, plus surfactant and add soil stabilizer.
- 4. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 2, it is characterised in that water flows through It is stirred during soil, shakes operation.
- 5. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 3, it is characterised in that be heated to be Fuel heats or solar energy heating.
- 6. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 3, it is characterised in that acid is salt Sour HCl or nitric acid HNO3.
- 7. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 3, it is characterised in that live on surface Property agent is biodegradable surfactant.
- 8. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 4, it is characterised in that stirring behaviour Turned over as cultivator.
- 9. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 4, it is characterised in that shake and be Ultrasonic vibrating.
- 10. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterised in that water sprays After the completion of leaching cleaning, soil pH value is tuned into alkalescence, and adds stabilizer, residual heavy metal is stable in clay lattice, no Easily disengage.
- 11. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterised in that sewage Purification uses electric flocculation purification style.
- 12. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 11, it is characterised in that electricity wadding Heavy metal is converted into oxide by solidifying purification style.
- 13. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 11, it is characterised in that electricity wadding It is solidifying to use multi-piece electrode plate, it is upright arranged in parallel.
- 14. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 11, it is characterised in that electricity wadding It is solidifying to use electrode series connection or series connection plus parallel way.
- 15. according to a kind of plane leaching repairing method in situ of heavy-metal contaminated soil of claim 11, it is characterised in that electricity wadding The positive and negative level of every several minutes of the reversions of solidifying institute receiving electrode is once.
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| CN109226222A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-18 | 南华大学 | A kind of application of surfactant, leacheate and restorative procedure for uranium contaminated soil |
| CN109319974A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-02-12 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of easy device and method suitable for farmland low-concentration heavy metal mud-water separation |
| CN112893431A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-04 | 四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司 | Leaching extraction treatment method and system for loose stratum land block pollution |
| CN115430699A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-06 | 上海化工院环境工程有限公司 | Heavy metal polluted paddy field in-situ leaching system and application thereof |
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