CN107850415B - 具有管束的武器 - Google Patents

具有管束的武器 Download PDF

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CN107850415B
CN107850415B CN201680040826.8A CN201680040826A CN107850415B CN 107850415 B CN107850415 B CN 107850415B CN 201680040826 A CN201680040826 A CN 201680040826A CN 107850415 B CN107850415 B CN 107850415B
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H·施耐德
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Rhine Metal Weapons And Ammunition Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41FAPPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
    • F41F1/00Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Harpoon guns
    • F41F1/08Multibarrel guns, e.g. twin guns
    • F41F1/10Revolving-cannon guns, i.e. multibarrel guns with the barrels and their respective breeches mounted on a rotor; Breech mechanisms therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A11/00Assembly or disassembly features; Modular concepts; Articulated or collapsible guns
    • F41A11/02Modular concepts, e.g. weapon-family concepts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/16Cook-off prevention, i.e. prevention of spontaneous firing of a cartridge by chamber wall heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/30Multiple safeties, i.e. one safety element acting on at least one element of the firing mechanism and at least one other element of the gun, e.g. the moving barrel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/18Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms for multibarrel guns or multiple guns
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/06Plural barrels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/48Barrel mounting means, e.g. releasable mountings for replaceable barrels
    • F41A21/487Barrel mounting means, e.g. releasable mountings for replaceable barrels using friction, e.g. by clamping a barrel surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A7/00Auxiliary mechanisms for bringing the breech-block or bolt or the barrel to the starting position before automatic firing; Drives for externally-powered guns; Remote-controlled gun chargers
    • F41A7/02Machine gun rechargers, e.g. manually operated
    • F41A7/06Machine gun rechargers, e.g. manually operated electrically operated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41FAPPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
    • F41F1/00Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Harpoon guns
    • F41F1/08Multibarrel guns, e.g. twin guns

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
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Abstract

提出一种武器(100),该武器包括具有至少一个、优选多个武器管(2、3、4)的管束(1)并且包括枪闩(50),仅其中一个所述武器管(2)与所述枪闩(50)对齐地定向并且与枪闩在射击方面配合作用。所述管束(1)具有在枪口侧的前管支架(5)以及在枪闩侧的后管支架(6),并且在局部区域中具有带有控制凸轮(9)的控制体(8),该控制凸轮集成在周边侧。通过在控制体(8)中的所述控制凸轮(9),管束(1)可以在整体上并且与武器(100)的射击无关地被调节。所述控制体(8)优选被电子地转动,为此致动器(10)的销(11)嵌接到控制体(8)的控制凸轮(9)中。

Description

具有管束的武器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种武器、尤其是一种小口径武器,该小口径武器具有多个武器管,这些武器管组合成一个管束。利用所述管束提供一种可能性:能够就地与射击无关地进行所希望的管变换。所述变换不仅使单个管的射击负载最小化,而且提高武器的使用寿命。此外,武器在使用中的功能安全性更好地被确保。尤其是,武器可以在运输期间或在不使用时切换到保险位置中,在该保险位置中没有武器管位于枪闩的前面。
背景技术
在自动武器或机枪中,通常在长时间持续使用时也由于高的射击速率和高的射击次数导致加热武器管。如果达到或超过一定的界限温度或射击次数,那么这尤其引起武器管的磨损。武器管必须被变换。
为了减少各单个管的磨损,已知枪管束武器。所谓的枪管束武器也被称为加特林机枪。在加特林机枪中,多个枪管这样围绕一个轴线集中,使得这些枪管作为束旋转。每个枪管具有自己的枪闩以及自己的点火系统、例如自己的撞针。所述枪闩在枪管束旋转一整圈期间被解锁、打开以及再次锁定。在打开时以及在锁定时实现装弹功能,其中,弹药被引导到枪管的已打开的枪闩中。枪管进一步被旋转,弹药被引导到枪膛中并且被点着。在进一步旋转时,枪闩然后再次被拉回,其中,空弹壳被拉出并且被抛出。所述过程在所有的枪管中连续地进行。每个枪管每旋转一圈进行一次射击。
DE102010007876A1公开一种多管武器以及一种与此有关的子弹带系统。所述多管武器在此包括六个枪管,这些枪管以枪管束的形式围绕旋转轴线可旋转地支承在前部的武器部件上。驱动器在此是电动的。枪闩部件在功能上与这些枪管连接,所述枪闩部件具有枪管数量的撞针,这些撞针与枪管对齐。WO2011/046653A2和US3,698,283A也公开一种多管武器。枪管变换在此也是与射击相关地实现的。
DE2111060A1说明一种多枪管式自动武器,该武器具有多个围绕一个共同的轴线可旋转地支承的炮管,如加特林机枪那样构造。在此,所述武器类型的优点在于,单个管的射击负载尤其是在连续射击时被最小化并且被分配到所有的管上。DE2111060A1的优点是,利用该武器也可以射出无壳的弹药。
发明内容
从该想法出发,本发明提出一种用于尤其是用于小口径武器的具有多个、优选三个武器管的管束。在例如其中一个武器管的较长射击负载之后,通过在功能上与管束的控制凸轮配合作用的管变换装置,另一个武器管与射击本身无关地被置入枪闩之前。由此,受载的并且被加热的武器管可以由另一个武器管替换。这通过使武器管在武器上或在武器管的武器壳体上的特殊支架内简单地旋转实现。
用于转轮武器的导向凸轮对于本领域技术人员是已知的。因此,DE102008018892B3公开一种转轮武器,该转轮武器包括武器管和转轮,该转轮具有多个处于其中的枪膛。弹药通过所述转轮被逐步供给给武器管。用于将弹药通过转轮供给的功能控制装置在周边侧集成为以导向凸轮形式的转轮耦合件。所述转轮本身通过切换滑块被旋转,该切换滑块是多件式的并且通过武器侧的控制凸轮被引导。
DE102008015893B4也公开一种具有导向凸轮的转轮耦合件。所述导向凸轮的特征在于,该导向凸轮构造为分开的导向凸轮。由此转轮的长度能够减少。DE102008063768B4公开一种具有围绕武器管设置的控制体的转轮及弹药驱动装置。在此,外部驱动装置与控制凸轮在功能上连接。在此,当带动件在控制凸轮内向前沿射击方向被引导时,带动件作用到控制凸轮中,通过该控制凸轮使转轮旋转。
单个管的管变换或调节根据本发明本身可以由操作者或自动地进行。在自动变换时可以考虑射击次数,当前武器管的负载可以由该射击次数导出。如果可预先给定的射击负载例如通过射击计数器(EP2518430A2)被确定,则可以执行武器管的旋转。作为替代方案可设想安装到武器管上的温度传感器等,其当武器管上预先给定的温度被超过时触发信号。然后武器的射击运行可以被中断并且执行所述管变换。
对于所述任务,所述管束不仅被支承在特殊的支承装置中,而且也可旋转运动地保持在该支承装置中。所述支承装置的特征在于前部的固定的固定中心架以及后部的固定的固定中心架,所述两个固定中心架分别具有一个可翻转的、可取出的或可偏转的上部件。在所述固定中心架中集成有滑轮,该滑轮辅助管束的旋转。所述设计允许不同于在US 7,448,306B2中的解决方案将武器管在其整体上作为管束简单地变换。US 7,448,306 B2公开一种用于掷弹筒的支架,该支架包括可拧接的弓形件。
所述武器管本身优选集成于一个共同的支架中,该支架类似于转轮在周边的部分区域中具有控制体。在一种优选的实施形式中,所述武器管固定地插入安装在支架或管束中,从而武器管单独地也能简单地被更换。
所述武器管支承装置/武器管支架的前部区段设置有比要支承的武器管大的内直径。在所述区段中,对于每个武器管集成有一个在武器管支承装置中的区域中包围武器管的支承部件,该支承部件在支承部件的前部区域中具有缝隙。由于所述设计实现一定的弹性,使得武器管的由于武器管温度提高引起的膨胀可以通过支承部件更好地吸收。由此,管支承装置允许长度适配和直径适配。对此更多细节在本申请人的平行申请中说明,就此参考该文献。
所述管束支架的结构也能够在相同基本几何形状的情况下实现容纳仅一个或两个武器管,这些武器管能够由支架支承并且在支承装置中被旋转。因此,不同的顾客要求、尤其是就武器的总重量方面的顾客要求可以个性化地被满足,所述武器可以根据顾客被改变。
上面提到的管束的另一个优点是可靠的运输,因为为了运输,所述武器管在其整体上能够被调节成,使得没有武器管处于枪闩前面或与该枪闩对齐。
附图说明
本发明应该借助具有附图的实施例被进一步阐释。其中:
图1以透视图示出按照本发明的具有支架的管束,
图1a示出具有仅一个武器管的支架的透视图,
图2示出具有电驱动装置的图1中的管束,
图3示出管束的剖面图的前视图,
图4示出管束集成于武器中。
具体实施方式
用1表示管束,在此该管束具有带有枪闩50的武器100的三个武器管2、3、4。所述管束1包括前部的枪口侧的管支架5以及后部的枪闩侧的管支架6。在此,仅一个武器管2(3、4)在武器100中的枪闩侧与枪闩50对齐,通常是下方的武器管、也就是说该武器管位于两个并排的另外两个武器管3、4的下方。所述武器管2与所述枪闩50对齐地定向并且也仅在该位置中与枪闩50在射击方面配合作用。
在局部区域中,管束1具有带有控制凸轮9的控制体8,该控制凸轮本身集成于控制体8的周边侧中。管束1能够通过所述控制凸轮9在整体上与武器100的射击无关地被调节以及因此进行管变换。集成于控制体8周边侧中的控制凸轮10或其走向(如上升等)本身与可以最大嵌入到管束1中的武器管的数量相协调、也就是说与能够被集成于管束1中的武器管的最大数量相协调。在本实施例中可以是三个武器管2、3、4,这些武器管分别必须被旋转120°的角度。
图1a示出具有仅一个武器管2的管束1’。同样可设想具有两个武器管2、3、(4)的管束。用于该管束的控制凸轮9然后也可以示出与在三个武器管2、3、4的情况下相同的走向,因为管束1的调节或旋转与射击无关。
一般而言,图1示出管束1(1’)的支承装置20,该支承装置然后集成于图3的武器100中。两个示图示出管束1的可靠的运输位置。没有一个管束与枪闩50对齐。
支承点由两个固定的固定中心架21、22构成,这些固定中心架彼此间隔开距离。所述距离优选由控制体8的长度得出。在一种优选的实施形式中,所述固定中心架21、22分别具有以快速闭锁装置形式的优选可取出的上部件21.1、22.1。此外,在所述固定中心架21、22中优选集成有滑轮(未进一步示出)。
所述管变换优选电动地通过致动器10(图2)、例如通过马达进行。所述致动器操纵销11,该销使管束1旋转。然后武器管2至4也与控制体8共同地旋转,从而另一个武器管可以被送至枪闩5之前。该管变换的替代方案对于本领域技术人员是已知的。
在所述武器管2至4之间可以设置有板材13,这些板材用于冷却武器管2至4(图3)。由此,武器管2至4能够被彼此热隔离。一种辅助冷却的变型方案用集成具有开口的管51示出,该管也对管束1、1’的稳定做出贡献。

Claims (10)

1.一种武器(100),该武器包括具有多个武器管(2、3、4)的管束(1)并且包括一个枪闩(50),所述管束(1)的仅其中一个武器管(2-4)沿管轴线与所述枪闩(50)对齐地定向并且仅所述其中一个武器管(2-4)在该时刻与枪闩(50)在射击方面配合作用,所述管束(1)被支承在支承装置(20)中,并且所述支承装置(20)的支承点由固定的、彼此间隔开距离的固定中心架(21、22)提供。
2.根据权利要求1所述的武器(100),其特征在于,所述管束(1)具有在枪口侧的前管支架(5)以及在枪闩侧的后管支架(6)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的武器(100),其特征在于,所述管束(1)在局部区域中具有带有控制凸轮(9)的控制体(8),该控制凸轮集成在周边侧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的武器(100),其特征在于,通过在控制体(8)中的所述控制凸轮(9),管束(1)在整体上且与武器(100)的射击无关地被调节。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的武器(100),其特征在于,所述控制体(8)被电子地转动,为此致动器(10)的销(21)嵌接到控制体(8)的控制凸轮(9)中。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的武器(100),其特征在于,所述固定中心架(21、22)分别具有一个以快速闭锁装置形式的上部件(21.1、22.1)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的武器(100),其特征在于,所述上部件是可取出的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的武器(100),其特征在于,在所述固定中心架(21、22)中集成有滑轮。
9.根据权利要求6所述的武器(100),其特征在于,在所述固定中心架(21、22)中集成有滑轮。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的武器(100),其特征在于,在所述管束(1)内集成有冷却板(13),该冷却板能够被放置到所述武器管(2-4)之间并且所述冷却板将武器管(2-4)彼此热隔离。
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CA2991362C (en) 2023-08-01
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US20180209762A1 (en) 2018-07-26
DE102015008796B4 (de) 2021-02-25
KR20180034439A (ko) 2018-04-04
DE102015008796A1 (de) 2017-01-12
EP3320298B1 (de) 2021-11-10
US10254079B2 (en) 2019-04-09
WO2017009116A1 (de) 2017-01-19
HUE057764T2 (hu) 2022-06-28
CN107850415A (zh) 2018-03-27
KR102364947B1 (ko) 2022-02-17
PL3320298T3 (pl) 2022-03-28

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