CN107847431A - 高浓度低voc液体赤霉素 - Google Patents
高浓度低voc液体赤霉素 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107847431A CN107847431A CN201680040462.3A CN201680040462A CN107847431A CN 107847431 A CN107847431 A CN 107847431A CN 201680040462 A CN201680040462 A CN 201680040462A CN 107847431 A CN107847431 A CN 107847431A
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- gibberellin
- glycol
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003186 pharmaceutical solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 alkyl ketone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- RSQSQJNRHICNNH-NFMPGMCNSA-N gibberellin A4 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@]2(CC1=C)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@@]2(OC3=O)[C@H]1[C@@]3(C)[C@@H](O)CC2 RSQSQJNRHICNNH-NFMPGMCNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 10
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 10
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 8
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenvalerate Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC(C#N)C(C=1)=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-SNTJWBGVSA-N LSM-6641 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-SNTJWBGVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N rac-diclofop methyl Natural products C1=CC(O[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BACHBFVBHLGWSL-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WIFXJBMOTMKRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N halfenprox Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC(F)(F)Br)C=CC=1C(C)(C)COCC(C=1)=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 WIFXJBMOTMKRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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Abstract
本发明总体上涉及包含赤霉酸(“GA3”)、赤霉素4(“GA4”)、赤霉素4/7(“GA4/7”)或其组合以及低挥发性有机溶剂的液体溶液制剂及其使用方法。具体而言,本发明的液体溶液制剂针对包含至少一种赤霉素以及选自聚乙二醇、丙二醇和/或非聚合的二醇的低挥发性有机溶剂的农业液体溶液制剂。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.119(e)要求于2015年7月14日提交的美国临时申请No.62/192,519的权益,其内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及包含少量挥发性有机化合物(“VOCs”)的赤霉酸(“GA3”)、赤霉素4(“GA4”)或赤霉素4/7(“GA4/7”)制剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
赤霉素是一类植物生长调节剂,它是二萜酸。赤霉素是通过发酵天然真菌藤仓赤霉菌(Gibber ellafugikuroi)而商业化生产的。赤霉素以各种商品名销售,并商业上用于各种果园、蔬菜作物、行播作物(row crop)和观赏作物。主要使用的赤霉素是GA3。
挥发性有机化合物有助于形成地面臭氧,这种臭氧以足够的高浓度存在时对人体健康和植被有害。在某些地区,挥发性有机化合物可以定义为那些在20℃时蒸气压大于0.1毫米汞柱的化合物。CADPR(加利福尼亚州农药管理局)将通过热重分析(“TGA”)测定的具有大于25%释放潜力的赤霉素制剂定义为高VOC产品。TGA涉及在环境控制室中加热农药样品,同时测量样品质量损失率。CADPR指出,农药制剂的释放潜力取决于农药的三次重复TGA测量的平均值,然后从测量结果中减去水和免除化合物(exempt compound)的百分比。TGA过程是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
现有技术的赤霉素溶液制剂在几个方面是不利的。由于赤霉素的低溶解度,制剂浓度较低,并且储存稳定性有限和/或含有不可接受量的VOCs。
为了克服溶解性问题,一些制剂使用具有对环境不安全的量的VOCs的溶剂。例如,异丙醇和甲醇具有诸如易燃性和毒性等严重缺点,导致在这种溶液的制造、包装、标签、运输和仓储方面受到限制。四氢糠醇(“THFA”)被认为对眼睛和皮肤有腐蚀性。
而且,GA3、GA4和GA4/7在一些溶剂中的低溶解度不允许制备高效溶液制剂。这些低强度溶液制剂需要更大的包装,更多的存储空间和更高的相关性运输、仓储和集装箱处理成本。由于非常低的溶解度和不希望的水解,在含水体系中配制GA3特别困难。
克服GA3、GA4和GA4/7溶解度问题的一种方法是制备可溶性粉末制剂。这些粉末制剂与水混合时容易溶解并形成真溶液。一旦形成溶液,就不需要混合罐的混合或搅拌。
克服溶解度问题的另一种方法是制造可湿性粉剂。可湿性粉末制剂是干燥,细磨的制剂。在这种类型的制剂中,活性成分与精细研磨的干载体(通常为矿物粘土)以及增强粉末悬浮于水中的能力的其它成分一起混合。在将可湿性粉剂与水混合后,形成悬浮液,然后通过喷雾技术施用悬浮液。通常喷雾液体必须连续混合以防止不溶组合物的沉降。
然而,可湿性粉剂和可溶性粉末制剂在处理时倾向于产生粉尘,例如在倾倒、转移或测量它们时。这些粉尘可能会危害健康。此外,粉末制剂有润湿不良的倾向并且在加入水时也溶解缓慢。因此,粉末制剂需要较长的时间来湿润、分散和溶解在混合罐中。块状物或部分溶解的喷雾溶液的形成将导致混合罐中植物生长调节剂的不均匀分布,有可能降低田地使用性能。有时,由喷雾罐辅助剂引起的喷雾罐中的泡沫也会影响可湿性粉末和可溶性粉末的润湿性和溶解性。可湿性粉末制剂还会在罐中和喷雾的叶子和果实上留下不希望的不溶性残留物。
另一种类型的农业制剂是片剂。片剂制剂是预先测量的剂量递送系统。它们在小范围内或对于装饰目的是有用的。片剂制剂可以泡腾,根据片剂的类型和大小在2至10分钟内溶于水。然而,片剂通常每片仅递送0.1-1克活性成分。它们不适合大规模的田地作业。此外,泡腾片非常容易受潮,且溶解速度慢并昂贵。
另一种类型的农业制剂是水分散性颗粒剂。水分散性颗粒剂也被称为可湿性颗粒剂或干可流动剂。除了活性成分被配制成可分散的颗粒之外,这种类型的制剂类似于可湿性粉剂。为了制备用于喷雾应用的水分散性颗粒剂,将它们分散在水中并在搅拌下形成悬浮液。用于农业化学品的许多不同的水分散性颗粒制剂是已知的。
水分散性颗粒剂通常含水量不超过百分之八,当加入到水溶液中时形成悬浮液。必须将所得悬浮液搅拌一段时间以使其充分分散。在使用过程中也必须保持混合罐的搅拌或旁路再循环。水分散性颗粒剂的质量高度依赖于工艺和活性成分;并可能导致产量回收率低,耐磨耗性差易产生粉尘,制造成本高以及分散性差。通常,溶解的水分散性颗粒制剂的喷雾在处理的叶子和果实上留下不希望的不溶性残留物。
对于GA3、GA4和GA4/7制剂是有效的,活性成分在施用之前必须溶解在混合罐中。否则,产品功效将受到严重影响。当使用水分散性颗粒剂时,种植者往往可能不知道何时达到了喷雾溶液中活性成分的总溶解度。另外,水分散性颗粒剂随着时间的推移会变硬,从而导致活性成分的分散性和溶解性差。另外,粉尘和结块可能是某些水分散性颗粒和粉末制剂的问题。
目前,对于高品质的食用葡萄(table grape)有强烈的市场需求。获得足够尺寸的葡萄浆果的一种方法是修剪葡萄藤。需要使用一致的化学减薄材料来提高浆果簇质量,从而节省手动修剪每个葡萄浆果簇的成本。浓缩的水溶性粒状植物生长调节剂制剂是已知的。但是,一些果园种植者更喜欢易于施用的溶液制剂。
因此,需要对环境安全、无植物毒性、有效的高强度赤霉素溶液制剂。改进的制剂应克服现有技术制剂遇到的毒性、处理、储存、运输、人体暴露和溶解度问题。制剂中还应包含少量的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),以保证环境安全,并且对种植者来说在施用之前进行混合罐更加安全。
发明内容
本发明是一种有效的农业液体溶液制剂,其具有低水平的VOCs,因此是对环境安全的。该液体溶液制剂包含至少一种赤霉素和至少一种低挥发性有机溶剂,其中该制剂在20℃下在蒸气压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低含量的挥发性有机化学物质或≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力。“低挥发性有机溶剂”在本文中定义为在20℃下蒸气压大于0.08毫米汞柱、或者在20℃下大于0.1毫米汞柱或者挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力≤25%的那些化合物。
本发明的第一个实施例涉及液体溶液制剂,其包含至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,至少一种分子量为约190至420的聚乙二醇,任选的非水性共溶剂,任选的表面活性剂和/或任选的矿物质。聚乙二醇200,也被称为PEG 200,是根据针对低VOC的加利福尼亚法规的低挥发性有机液体。它是具有以下结构的聚醚化合物:H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH。PEG是通过环氧乙烷的聚合而制备的,并且可在高达10,000,000g/mol的宽分子量范围内商购获得。“聚乙二醇”或“PEG”后面的数字通常是指分子量。例如,PEG 200具有190至210g/mol的分子量范围,285至315g/mol的PEG 300和380至420g/mol的PEG 400。这是一种清澈、粘稠的液体。
本发明的第二个实施例涉及液体溶液制剂,其包含选自丙二醇中的由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素。丙二醇也称丙烷-1,2-二醇,是一种化学式为C3H8O2的有机化合物。该化合物有时被称为α-丙二醇以将其与异构体丙烷-1,3-二醇(β-丙二醇)区分开。它是一种粘稠的无色液体,几乎无臭,但具有微弱的甜味。丙二醇是本发明含义范围内的“低挥发性有机溶剂”。
本发明的第三个实施例涉及液体溶液制剂,其包含至少一种选自非聚合乙二醇中的由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素。非聚合的乙二醇混合物可以包括但不限于三甘醇,四甘醇和五甘醇。这些非聚合的乙二醇被认为是本发明含义范围内的“低挥发性有机溶剂”。
本发明还涉及调节植物生长的方法,包括用有效量的本发明液体溶液制剂处理种子、果实、土壤或植物的步骤。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种有效的农业液体溶液制剂,其具有低水平的VOCs,因此是对环境安全的。该液体溶液制剂包含:a)至少一种赤霉素;和b)至少一种低挥发性有机溶剂。赤霉素选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组。低挥发性有机溶剂选自由至少一种分子量约190-420的聚乙二醇、丙二醇和至少一种非聚合的二醇组成的组。任选地,该液体溶液制剂可以包含至少一种非水性共溶剂、至少一种表面活性剂和/或至少一种矿物质。该液体制剂在20℃下蒸汽压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低含量的挥发性有机化学物质,或者该液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力。本发明的液体溶液制剂也是储存稳定的并且是无毒的,同时是有效的。
如本文所提供的,液体溶液制剂优选是非水性的。如本文所用,术语“非水性”应理解为包括少量的水,优选少于5重量%,优选少于4重量%,优选少于3重量%,优选少于2重量%,优选小于1重量%,并且优选小于0.5重量%。然而,优选的是水不是有意加入到本发明的制剂中。
本发明的一个实施例涉及农业液体溶液制剂,其包含:a)约0.001至约16重量%的至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,b)约55至约99.9重量%的至少一种分子量为约190-420的聚乙二醇;和c)0-20重量%的至少一种非水性共溶剂,d)0-20重量%的任选的非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,和e)任选的矿物质,其中该液体制剂在20℃下蒸汽压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低水平的挥发性有机化学物质,或者所述液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力,并且其中百分比是制剂的重量百分比。优选地,该实施例仅包含赤霉素GA3。在该实施例的另一个优选替代方案中,唯一存在的聚乙二醇具有约190-210的分子量。或者,该实施例中的制剂优选包含GA3作为仅存的在赤霉素,优选4-15.5重量%的GA3,或10.5-16重量%的GA3,或12.5-15.8重量%的GA3。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及农业液体溶液制剂,其包含:a)约10至约15重量%的至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,b)约70至约84.5%的至少一种分子量为约190-420的聚乙二醇,c)0-20重量%的至少一种非水性共溶剂,和d)0-20%的非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,和e)任选的矿物质,其中该液体制剂在20℃下蒸汽压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低水平的挥发性有机化学物质,或所述液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力,并且其中百分比是制剂的重量百分比。优选地,该实施例仅包含赤霉素GA3。在该实施例的另一个优选替代方案中,制剂中唯一的聚乙二醇具有约190-210的分子量。
在又一个实施例中,本发明涉及农业液体溶液制剂,其包含:a)约0.1至约20重量%的至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,b)约40-80重量%的丙二醇,c)约0-20重量%的任选的非水性共溶剂,d)约0-20重量%的任选的非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,和e)任选的矿物质,其中该液体制剂在20℃下蒸气压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低水平的挥发性有机化学物质,或者所述液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力,并且其中百分比是制剂的重量百分比。在20℃时在蒸气压为0.08毫米汞柱的一些地区,丙二醇的蒸气压将其分类为低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。因此,丙二醇被认为是本发明含义范围内的“低挥发性有机化合物”。优选地,该实施例仅包含赤霉素GA3。或者,该实施例中的制剂优选包含4-20重量%的GA3或15-20重量%的GA3。
在又一个实施例中,本发明涉及农业液体溶液制剂,其包含:a)约0.001至约20重量%的至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,b)约51-99.9重量%的非聚合的二醇,c)约0-20重量%的任选的非水性共溶剂,d)约0-20重量%的任选的非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,和e)任选的矿物质,其中该液体制剂在20℃下蒸气压大于0.08毫米汞柱时具有低水平的挥发性有机化学物质或所述液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力,并且其中所述百分比是制剂的重量百分比。优选地,该实施例仅包含赤霉素GA3。或者,该实施例中的制剂优选仅包含4-20重量%的GA3作为赤霉素GA3。
对于上述实施例的每一个,非水性共溶剂是有机溶剂,包括但不限于极性和非极性有机溶剂。极性溶剂定义为溶解离子和其它极性溶质的溶剂。半极性溶剂在非极性分子中引起一定程度的极性。极性的测量可以通过其介电常数来确定。在本发明中定义的半极性和极性溶剂是那些介电常数大于10@20℃的溶剂。例如,极性有机溶剂可以包括但不限于醇、二烷基酮、碳酸亚烷基酯、烷基酯、吡咯烷酮和芳基酯。非离子或阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于由以下组成的组:羧酸盐、磺酸盐、天然油、烷基酰胺、芳基酰胺、烷基酚、芳基酚、乙氧基化醇、聚氧乙烯(polyoxygethylene)、羧酸酯、聚烷基乙二醇酯、脱水山梨糖醇、乙二醇酯、羧酸酰胺、单烷醇胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺、聚山梨醇酯、环糊精、糖基、硅酮基、多烷基化醇和烷基芳基乙氧基化物。
应该理解的是,值的范围的表述包括在最高值和最低值之间的所有具体值。例如,“约10.5至约15.5%”的表述包括10.5至约15.5之间的所有值,使得上限或下限可以包括但不限于10.5、10.6、10.7、10.8、10.9、11.0、11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4、11.5、11.6、11.7、11.8、11.9、12.0、12.1、12.2、12.3、12.4、12.5、12.6、12.7、12.8、12.9、13.0、13.1、13.2、13.3、13.4、13.5、13.6、13.7、13.8、13.9、14.0、14.1、14.2、14.3、14.4、14.5、14.6、14.7、14.8、14.9、15.0、15.1、15.2、15.3、15.4和15.5。例如,“约0至20%”的表述包括20至20之间的所有值,使得上限或下限可以包括但不限于0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20。例如,“0.1至约10”的表述包括0.1至5之间的所有值,使得上限或下限可以包括但不限于0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5和10。
术语矿物质包括但不限于金属氯化物、金属硫酸盐、其钠盐或钾盐和螯合金属。具体实例包括但不限于金属氯化物、金属硫酸盐、EDTA螯合金属和其它合适的金属化合物。
在一个实施例中,本发明涉及调节植物生长的方法,包括用有效量的本发明的制剂处理种子、果实、土壤或植物的步骤。该制剂可以用水稀释并喷涂施用。
本发明的制剂可用于任何需要赤霉素处理的植物,例如:朝鲜蓟以加速成熟并增加产量;蓝莓以改善产果和果实的大小;香蕉以刺激植物生长,减少应激的影响,或收获后用于保持水果质量;胡萝卜以在应激期间保持叶子生长;芹菜以增加株高和产量;樱桃以增加果实的大小、坚实度和品质,或延迟成熟以获得更有序的收获;柑橘以增加产果和产量,延缓果皮老化,减少生理失调,或延缓成熟以获得更有序的收获;羽衣甘蓝以便于收获,增加产量和提高质量;棉花以促进早季生长,增加幼苗活力;和黄瓜以在凉爽的天气期间刺激产果;用于放牧的牧场;和玉米。该制剂可以在香蕉和柑橘等收获后使用。本发明的制剂也可用于葡萄、瓜类、山核桃、辣椒、菠萝、大米、大黄、菠菜、核果、草莓、豆瓣菜和其它需要处理的植物。
术语“有效量”是指将对待处理的植物提供所需效果的制剂的量。“有效量”的变化将取决于制剂浓度、待处理植物的类型以及期望的结果等因素。因此,指定一个确切的“有效量”并不总是可能的。然而,在任何个别情况下适当的“有效量”可以由本领域的普通技术人员确定。
其它植物生长调节剂(PGRs)可以用于本发明的制剂中以获得稳定的和环境安全的液体溶液制剂。如本文所用的短语“植物生长调节剂”意指用于将所处理的植物的生长和发育改变成农业成熟而不杀死植物的产品。这种改变可能是由于材料对植物生理过程的影响或者由于所述材料对植物形态的影响造成的。这些改变也可能由生理或形态因素的任何组合或顺序引起。可以使用其它植物生长调节剂,例如细胞分裂素如TDZ、激动素或6-苄基腺嘌呤、生长素、有机酸、乙烯生物合成抑制剂或其组合。
制剂的其它组分可以以不影响本制剂的储存稳定性或低VOC特性的标称量来包含。附加组分包括表面活性剂,晶体生长抑制剂,粘着剂,扩散剂,叶渗透剂,分散剂,系统获得性抗性诱导剂,系统获得性抗性抑制剂,消泡剂,防腐剂,pH调节剂,助溶剂,湿润剂,染料,UV保护剂,载体,螯合剂或有助于生产、储存稳定性、产品处理和应用的其它组分。
还考虑到,本发明的即用混合组合物材料可以与其它活性成分组合使用,该其它活性成分例如除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀线虫剂、生物化学杀虫剂、植物产生的杀虫剂(植物药)、安全剂或植物营养素。申请人发现使用丙二醇作为可分散浓缩物中杀虫剂的溶剂可以在-18℃下储存多年。此外,制剂在高温和冻融循环下化学和物理稳定。
如本文所用,术语“除草剂”广泛地指用作除草剂的化合物或组合物,以及除草剂安全剂和杀藻剂。除草剂可以包括但不限于1,2,4-三嗪酮,1,3,5-三嗪,烷基酰胺(乙酰胺),苯胺、芳氧基链烷酸、芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯、苯甲酰胺、苯甲酰胺(L)、苯二甲酸、苯并呋喃、苯甲酸(生长素)、苯甲腈、苯并噻二嗪酮(benzothiadiazinones)、苯并噻唑(benzothiazolones)、氨基甲酸酯(DHP)、氨基甲酸盐、氯乙酰胺、环己二酮肟、二硝基苯胺、二硝基苯酚、二苯醚、二苯醚(cbi)、甘氨酸衍生物、卤代链烷酸、羟基苯甲腈、咪唑啉酮、异恶唑、异唑烷酮、N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、有机胂添加剂、恶二唑、恶唑烷二酮、氧乙酰胺、苯氧基羧酸、苯基氨基甲酸酯除草剂、苯基吡唑除草剂、苯基哒嗪、次膦酸、二硫代磷酸酯(phos-phorodithioates)、phthalamates、吡唑除草剂、哒嗪、哒嗪酮(PDS)、哒嗪酮(PSII)、吡啶、吡啶羧酰胺、吡啶羧酸、嘧啶二酮、嘧啶、嘧啶基氧基苯甲酸、嘧啶基氧基苯甲酸类似物、喹啉羧酸、BI类IV:硫代氨基甲酸酯、半卡巴腙、磺酰氨基羰基-三唑啉酮、磺酰脲、四唑啉酮、噻二唑、硫代氨基甲酸酯、三唑、三唑啉酮、三唑并嘧啶、三酮、尿嘧啶和脲。合适的除草剂包括2,3,6-TBA、2,4,5-T、2,4-D、2,4-D-2-乙基己基、2,4-DB、2,4-D-二甲基铵、2,4-D-异丙基、2,4-D-异丙基、2,4-D-三乙醇胺(2,4-D-三羟乙基胺)、ACD 10614;ACD 10435、乙草胺、三氟羧草醚、三氟羧草醚钠、苯草醚、丙烯醛、AD 67、甲草胺、禾草灭钠、莠灭净、氨唑草酮、酰嘧磺隆、氨基三唑、氨基磺酸铵、莎稗磷、黄草灵、阿特拉通、阿特拉津、唑啶草酮、四唑嘧磺隆、叠氮津、燕麦灵、氟丁酰草胺、草除灵、草除灵乙酯、氟草胺、呋草黄、解草酮、苄嘧磺隆-甲酯、地散磷、苯达松、双环磺草酮、吡草酮、新燕灵、enzoylprop-ethyl、治草醚、双丙氨膦钠盐、双草醚钠盐、硼砂、除草定、溴丁酰草胺、杀草全、溴苯腈、溴苯腈辛酸酯、溴苯腈钾、溴杀草敏、去草胺、氟丙嘧草酯、丁烯草胺、丁硫咪唑酮、仲丁灵、丁苯草酮、播土隆、苯酮唑、氰氨化钙、长杀草、唑草酮乙酯、甲氧除草醚,草灭畏,氯溴隆、氯草灵、伐草克、伐草克钠、燕麦酯、燕麦酯甲酯、燕麦酯、燕麦酯乙酯、氯甲丹甲酯、氯草敏、氯嘧磺隆乙酯、chlomitrofen、氯乙酸、chloro-toluron、枯草隆、氯苯胺灵、氯磺隆、敌草索、氯硫酰草胺、吲哚酮草酯、醚磺隆、炔草酯、2-(4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基)丙酸、2-(4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基)丙酸异丁酯、异噁草松、氯甲酰草胺、二氯吡啶酸、解草酯、氯酯磺草胺酸甲酯、醚草敏、苄草隆、氨基氰、氰草津、环丙嘧磺隆、噻草酮、环莠隆、氰氟草酯甲酯、解草胺腈、杀草隆、棉隆、甜菜安、敌草净、野麦畏、麦草畏、敌草腈、烯丙酰草胺、2,4-滴丙酸、2,4-滴丙酸异辛酯、2,4-滴丙酸-P、二氯苯氧基苯氧基丙酸、禾草灵甲酯、双氯磺草胺、乙酰甲草胺乙酯;乙酰甲草胺、枯莠隆、野燕枯甲磺酸盐、吡氟酰草胺、二氟吡隆、调呋酸、调呋酸钠、噁唑隆、哌草丹、二甲草胺、异戊乙净、噻节因、二甲胂酸、敌乐胺地乐酚、地乐酚醋酸盐、特乐酚、双苯酰草胺、异丙净、赛松(disul)、赛松钠、氟硫草定、敌草隆、二硝基邻甲酚(DNOC)、甲基胂酸二钠(DSMA)、甘草津乙酯、甘草津、EL 177、茵多酸、乙丁烯氟灵、胺苯磺隆甲酯、磺噻隆、乙氧呋草黄、乙氧嘧磺隆、乙氧苯草胺、解草唑乙酯、解草啶、涕丙酸、涕丙酸-butotyl、噁唑禾草灵-乙基、噁唑禾草灵、噁唑禾草灵-P、噁唑禾草灵-P-乙基、噻唑禾草灵;噻唑禾草灵-乙基、四唑酰草胺、非草隆、麦草氟甲酯、麦草氟异丙酯、麦草氟酯、麦草氟-M-异丙酯、麦草氟-M-甲酯、啶嘧磺隆、双氟磺草胺、吡氟禾草灵丁酯、吡氟禾草灵-P、吡氟禾草灵-P-丁酯、异丙吡草酯、氟酮磺隆-钠、氯乙氟灵、氟噻草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、氟烯草酸-戊酯、丙炔氟草胺、flumipropyn、氟草隆、三氟硝草醚、乙羧氟草醚-乙酯、氟硫隆、氟胺草唑、四氟丙酸钠、氟啶嘧磺隆甲酯钠、解草胺、芴丁酸丁酯、氟啶草酮、氟咯草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸-meptyl、呋草酮、嗪草酸甲酯、氟磺胺草醚、甲酰氨磺隆、杀木膦铵、解草噁唑、草铵膦铵、草甘膦、草甘膦-铵、草甘膦-异丙基铵、草甘膦-钠、草硫膦、吡氯磺隆-甲酯、氟吡禾灵、氟吡甲禾灵-etotyl、氟吡禾灵-P、六氟化物、环嗪酮、imazamethabenzmethyl、甲氧咪草烟、甲咪唑烟酸、咪唑烟酸、咪唑烟酸-异丙基铵、咪唑喹啉酸、咪唑乙烟酸、唑吡嘧磺隆、茚草酮、碘甲磺隆甲酯钠、碘苯腈、辛酰碘苯腈、碘苯腈钠、丁脒酰胺、异草定、丁嗪草酮、异草完隆、异丙隆、异噁隆、异噁酰草胺、异噁唑草酮、异噁草醚、特安灵、乳氟禾草灵、环草定、利谷隆、LS830556、马来酰肼、MCPA、MCPA-硫代乙酯、MCPB、MCPB-乙酯、2-甲-4-氯丙酸、2-甲-4-氯丙酸-P、地乐施乙酯、地乐施、苯噻酰草胺、吡唑解草酸二乙酯、氯磺酰草胺、甲基二磺隆-甲酯、甲基磺草酮、噁唑酰草胺、苯嗪草酮、吡唑草胺、甲基苯噻隆、灭草唑、灭草恒、盖草津、苯草酮、异硫氰酸甲酯、甲基胂酸、甲基杀草隆、吡喃隆、溴谷隆、异丙甲草胺、磺草唑胺、甲氧隆、嗪草酮、甲磺隆-、乙基、MK-616、庚酰草胺、绿谷隆、灭草隆、灭草隆-TCA、MSMA、萘二甲酸酐、萘丙胺、敌草胺、萘草胺、NC-330、草不隆、烟嘧磺隆、甲磺乐灵、除草醚、壬酸、氟草敏、油酸(脂肪酸)、坪草丹、氨磺乐灵、解草腈、丙炔噁草酮、噁草酮、环氧嘧磺隆、噁嗪草酮、乙氧氟草醚、二甲戊灵、五氟磺草胺、五氯酚、甲氯酰草胺、环戊噁草酮、黄草伏、烯草胺、phen-isopham、甜菜宁、乙酸苯基汞、氟吡酰草胺、氟嘧磺隆-甲酯、氨氟乐灵、环丙氟灵、甘扑津-乙酯、甘扑津、扑灭通、扑草净、毒草胺、敌稗、噁草酸、扑灭津、苯胺灵、异丙草胺、丙苯磺隆钠、炔苯酰草胺、氟磺隆、吡草醚-乙酯、吡唑特、吡嘧磺隆-乙酯、苄草唑、嘧啶肟草醚、稗草丹、哒草特、环酯草醚、嘧草醚-甲酯、嘧草硫醚钠、二氯喹啉酸、氯甲喹啉酸、灭藻醌、喹禾灵乙酯、喹禾灵-P-乙酯、喹禾灵-P-喹禾糠酯、砜嘧磺隆、另丁津、仲丁通、环草隆、西玛津、西草净、S-异丙甲草胺、SMY1500、氯酸钠、磺草酮、甲磺草胺、甲嘧磺隆-甲酯、磺酰磺隆、丁噻隆、吡喃草酮、特草定、特丁通、特丁津、特丁净、噻吩草胺、噻氟隆、噻唑烟酸、噻二唑草胺、噻吩磺隆-甲酯、禾草丹、1-二氯乙酰基六亚甲基亚胺、三甲苯草酮、tri-allat、醚苯磺隆、苯磺隆-甲酯、三氯乙酸、三氯吡氧乙酸、灭草环、草达津、三氟啶磺隆钠、氟乐灵和氟胺磺隆甲酯。杀真菌剂可以包括但不限于氨基酸酰胺氨基甲酸酯、苯胺基嘧啶、抗生素、芳香烃、杂芳族化合物、氯代/硝基苯、苯甲酰胺(F)、苯磺酰胺、苯并咪唑、苯并咪唑前体、苯并三嗪、甲酰胺、肉桂酸、氰基乙酰胺肟、二甲酰亚胺、二硫戊环、DMI:咪唑、DMI:哌嗪、DMI:嘧啶、DMI:三唑、烯醇吡喃糖醛酸(enopyranuronic acid)抗生素、杂芳族羟基苯胺、MBI:脱水酶、MBI:还原酶、吗啉:吗啉、吗啉:spiroketalamines、多位点:氯腈、多位点:二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、多位点:胍、多位点:无机物、多位点:邻苯二甲酰亚胺、多位点:醌、多位点:磺酰胺、N-苯基氨基甲酸酯类杀真菌剂、有机锡杀真菌剂、苯基酰胺:酰基丙氨酸、苯基酰胺:丁基内酯、苯基酰胺:恶唑烷酮、苯基吡咯、苯基脲类杀真菌剂、膦酸酯、硫代磷酸酯、哒嗪酮类杀真菌剂、嘧啶胺类、嘧啶醇类、QiI、喹啉类、SBI类IV:硫代氨基甲酸酯类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类似物:二氢二恶嗪类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:咪唑啉酮类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:甲氧基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:乙氧基氨基甲酸酯、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:恶唑烷二酮、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:肟基乙酰胺、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类型:肟基乙酸酯、噻唑甲酰胺、硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀真菌剂和噻吩羧酰胺。合适的杀真菌剂包括1,2-二氯丙烷、2-甲氧基乙基氯化汞、2-苯基苯酚、8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、敌菌灵、阿扎康唑、嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、本达乐(benalaxyl)、麦锈灵、苯菌灵、敌菌腙、苯噻菌胺-异丙酯、乐杀螨、联苯、双(三丁基锡)氧化物、联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、杀稻瘟菌素-S、硼砂、啶酰菌胺、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、磺酸丁嘧啶、粉病定、敌菌丹、克菌丹、多菌灵、萎锈灵、环丙酰菌胺(carpropamid)、CGA 80 000、灭螨猛、灭瘟唑(chlobenthiazone)、粉净胺(chloraniformethan)、地茂散、百菌清、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、甘宝素、氯氧化铜、硫酸铜、硫酸铜(三元)、氧化亚铜、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、环菌胺(cyflufenamid)、霜脲氰、环唑醇、环丙嘧啶、酯菌胺、棉隆、抑菌灵、二氯萘醌、二氯氛、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazol)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、达灭净(diclomezine)、氯硝胺、乙霉威、苯醚甲环唑、野燕枯甲磺酸盐、二氟林(diflumetorim)、甲菌定、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、敌螨通、敌螨普、二苯胺、灭菌磷(ditalimfos)、二噻农、吗菌灵、吗菌灵乙酸盐、十二烷胍、敌菌酮、克瘟散、氟环唑、乙环唑(etaconazole)、依特姆、噻唑菌胺、乙菌定、土菌灵(etridiazole)、恶唑菌酮(famoxadone)、咪菌灭(fenamidone)、芬瑞莫、腈苯唑、甲呋酰胺、环酰菌胺、种衣酯(fenitropan)、禾草灵(fenoxanil)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、丁苯吗啉、薯瘟锡、毒菌锡、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺、咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、唑呋草(fluorimide)、三氟苯唑、氟嘧菌酯、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟酰胺、粉唑醇、灭菌丹、三乙膦酸铝、呋喃基苯并咪唑、氟霜灵(furalaxyl)、氟吡菌胺(furametpyr)、呋菌唑-顺式、拌种胺(furmecyclox)、果绿定、灰黄霉素、丙烯酸喹啉酯(halacrinate)、六氯苯、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、恶霉灵(hymexazol)、伊米萨利、亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、双胍辛胺三乙酸盐、三唑胺tris(albesilate)、种菌唑(ipconazole)、扑海因、缬霉威、稻瘟灵、春日霉素氢氯化物水合物、醚菌酯-甲酯(kresoxim-methyl)、灭锈胺、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、担菌宁、氯化汞、甲霜林、甲霜林-M、叶菌唑(metconazole)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、三甲基苯基呋喃羧酰胺、碘甲烷、异硫氰酸甲酯、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、灭粉霉素、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、游霉素、肽菌酯-异丙酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、噻菌醇(nuarimol)、呋酰胺(ofurace)、油酸、脂肪酸)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、恶霜灵(oxadixyl)、咪唑富马酸盐、氧化萎锈灵、戊菌唑(penconazole)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯苯酚、乙酸苯汞、苯汞二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、硝酸苯汞、膦酸、苯酞、啶氧菌酯、多氧菌素B、保粒霉素(polyoxorim)、碳酸氢钾、羟基喹啉硫酸钾、扑克拉、腐霉利、霜霉威盐酸盐、丙环唑、丙喹嗪、丙硫威;盐酸丙硫威、丙硫菌唑、比锈灵、唑菌胺酯、定菌磷、稗草丹、嘧霉胺、咯奎酮(pyroquilon)、灭藻醌、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、五氯硝基苯、硫硅菌胺(silthiofam)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、碳酸氢钠、螺环菌胺、SSF-109、硫、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、四氯硝基苯、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、噻苯咪唑、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、噻氟酰胺(thifluzamide)、托布津、甲基托布津、福美双、tiadinil(噻酰菌胺)、甲基立枯磷、对甲抑菌灵、三唑酮、三唑醇、三唑磷胺、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、水杨菌胺(trichlamide)、三环唑、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、嗪胺灵、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、福美甲胂、有效霉素、烯菌酮、氰菌胺(zarilamid)、福美锌和苯酰菌胺。
杀细菌剂可以包括但不限于拌棉醇、二氯芬、三氯甲基吡啶、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸镍、春雷霉素、辛异噻啉酮、糠酸、土霉素、噻菌灵、链霉素、叶枯酞、硫酸铜和其它铜配制剂。
杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂和杀线虫剂可以包括但不限于阿维菌素、ABG-9008、乙酰甲胺磷、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、啶虫脒、乙酰虫腈(acetoprole)、氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、AKD-1022、AKD-3059、AKD-3088、棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威、涕灭氧威(aldoxycarb)、丙烯菊酯、α-氯腈菊酯(alphamethrin)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、灭害威、阿米曲士、除虫菌素、AZ-60541、印楝素、吡啶磷(azamethiphos)、甲基谷硫磷、乙基谷硫磷、环己锡(azocyclotin)、强固芽孢杆菌、日本金龟甲芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌、枯草杆菌、苏云金杆菌、苏云金杆菌菌株EG-2348、苏云金杆菌菌株GC-91、苏云金杆菌菌株NCTC-11821、苏云金杆菌以色列亚种、杆状病毒(baculoviruses)、巴西安白僵菌、纤细白僵菌、benclothiaz、恶虫威、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、苯螨特、β-氟氯氰菊酯、β-氯氰菊酯、联苯肼酯、联苯菊酯、乐杀螨、生物丙烯菊酯、生物丙烯菊酯-5-环戊基异构体、生物乙醇甲菊酯(bioethanomethrin)、生物氯菊酯、苄呋菊酯、bistrifluoron、BPMC、brofenprox、溴硫磷-乙基、溴螨酯、溴苯烯磷-甲基(bromfenvinfos(-methyl))、BTG-504、BTG-505、扑杀威、稻虱净、butathiofos、丁酮威、丁酮砜威、butylpyridaben、硫线磷、毒杀芬、西维因、卡巴呋喃、三硫磷、丁硫克百威、巴丹、CGA-50439、灭螨猛、氯虫酰胺、氯丹、杀虫脒、chloethocarb、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、溴虫腈、毒虫畏、氟啶脲、氯甲磷、乙酯杀螨醇、三氯硝基甲烷、chlorproxyfen、毒死稗-甲基、毒死稗(-乙基)、chlovaporthrin、环虫酰肼、顺式氯氰菊酯、顺式苄呋菊酯、顺式苄氯菊酯、腈菊酯、除线威、四螨嗪、噻虫胺、clothiazoben、苹果小卷蛾性诱剂、蝇毒磷、苯腈磷、杀螟腈、氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)、cycloprene、乙氰菊酯、氟氯氟菊酯、丁氟螨酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、环己锡、氯氰菊酯、苯醚氰菊酯(1R-反式异构体)、环丙氨嗪、DDT、溴氰菊酯、内吸磷-5-甲基、内吸磷-5-甲基砜、丁醚脲、氯亚磷、二嗪农、除线磷、敌敌畏、开乐散、百治磷、环虫腈、除虫脲、四氟甲醚菊酯、乐果、甲基毒虫畏、敌螨通、敌螨普、呋虫胺、二苯丙醚、乙拌磷、docusat-sodium、dofenapyn、DOWCO-439、eflusilanate、甲氨基阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素-苯甲酸酯、烯炔菊酯(1R-异构体)、硫丹、Entomopthoraspp.、EPN、顺式氰戊菊酯、杀虫丹、乙硫磷、乙虫腈、灭线磷、依芬普司、乙螨唑、乙嘧硫磷、氨磺磷、苯线磷、喹螨醚、苯丁锡氧化物、芬氟司林、杀螟硫磷、仲丁威、苯硫威、fenoxacrim、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、fenpyrad、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpyrithrin)、唑螨酯、丰索磷、倍硫磷、fentrifanil、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟啶虫酰胺、嘧螨酯、氟佐隆、氟虫酰胺、氟螨噻、溴氟菊酯、氟环脲、氟氰戊菊酯、嘧虫胺、氟虫脲、三氟醚菊酯、氟氯苯菊酯、吡氟硫磷、氟替阿嗪(flutenzin)(氟螨嗪(flufenzine))、氟胺氰戊菊酯、地虫磷、伐虫脒、安果、丁苯硫磷、噻唑磷、fubfenprox(苄螨醚(fluproxyfen))、呋线威、γ-三氟氯氰菊酯、γ-HCH、棉红铃虫性诱剂、棉象甲性诱剂、颗粒症病毒、苄螨醚(halfenprox)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、HCH、HCN-801、庚烯磷、氟铃脲、噻螨酮、氟蚁腙、烯虫乙酯、IKA-2002、吡虫啉、炔咪菊酯、茚虫威、碘硫磷、异稻瘟净、氯唑磷、异丙胺磷、异丙威、异噁唑磷、双氢除虫菌素、日本龟诱剂(japonilure)、噻嗯菊酯、核多角体病毒、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、高效氯氟氰菊酯、林丹、氯芬奴隆、马拉硫磷、灭蚜磷、mesulfenfos、四聚乙醛、威百亩钠、虫螨畏、甲胺磷、金龟子绿僵菌、金龟子黄绿绿僵菌、杀扑磷、灭虫威、灭多虫、甲氧普林、甲氧氯、甲氧虫酰肼、甲氧苄氟菊酯、速灭威、噁虫酮、速灭磷、灭螨菌素、美倍霉素、MKI-245、MON-45700、久效磷、莫昔克丁、MTI-800、二溴磷、NC-104、NC-170、NC-184、NC-194、NC-196、灭绦灵、尼古丁、烯啶虫胺、硝乙脲噻唑、NNI-0001、NNI-0101、NNI-0250、NNI-9768、氟酰脲、多氟脲、OK-5101、OK-5201、OK-9601、OK-9602、OK-9701、OK-9802、氧化乐果、草氨酰、乙酰甲胺磷、玫烟色拟青霉、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷(-乙基)、苄氯虫菊酯(顺式、反式)、石油、PH-6045、苯氧司林(1R-反式异构体)、稻丰散、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、磷虫威、辛硫磷、增效醚、抗蚜威、甲基嘧硫磷、乙基虫螨磷、油酸钾、炔丙菊酯、溴丙磷、丙氟菊酯、猛杀威、丙虫磷、克螨特、烯虫磷、残杀威、丙硫磷、发果、丙苯烃菊酯(protrifenbute)、吡蚜酮、吡唑硫磷、啶吡唑虫胺、反灭虫菊(pyresmethrin)、除虫菊、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、哒嗪硫磷、哒硫磷、嘧螨醚、吡虫腈(pyriprole)、吡丙醚、喹硫磷、灭虫菊、RH-5849、病毒唑、RU-12457、RU-15525、氯虫酰胺、S-421、S-1833、蔬果磷、克线丹、SI-0009、氟硅菊酯、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、氟虫胺、治螟磷、硫丙磷、SZI-121、氟胺氰菊酯、虫酰肼、吡螨胺、丁基嘧啶磷、氟苯脲、七氟菊酯、双硫磷、灭虫畏、叔丁威、特丁磷、杀虫威、四氯杀螨砜、胺菊酯、胺菊酯(1R-异构体)、杀螨好、辛体氯氰菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻丙腈、thiatriphos、杀虫环草酸盐、硫双威、久效威、甲基乙拌磷、杀虫双钠、苏云金素、唑虫酰胺、溴氯氰菊酯、四溴菊酯、四氟菊酯、苯螨噻、唑蚜威、三唑磷、triazuron、trichlophenidine、敌百虫、杀铃脲、混杀威、蚜灭磷、氟吡唑虫、增效炔醚、蜡蚧轮枝菌、WL-108477、WL-40027、y1-5201、y1-5301、y1-5302、XMC、灭杀威、ZA-3274、ζ-氯氰菊酯、zolaprofos、ZXI-8901、化合物3-甲基苯基丙基氨基甲酸酯(速灭威Z)、化合物3-(5-氯代-3-吡啶基)-8-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-8-氮杂双环[3--.2.1]辛烷-3-腈(CAS-Reg.No.185982-80-3)和对应的3-内-异构体(CAS-Reg.No.185984-60-5)(cf.WO-96/37494,WO-98/25923),以及包含杀虫活性的植物提取物、线虫类、真菌或病毒的配制剂。
如本文所使用的,将所用与数量、重量百分比等有关的数值定义为“约”或“近似”每个特定值,即,加或减10%(+-10%)。例如,短语“至少5重量%”将理解为“至少4.5重量%至5.5重量%”。因此,请求保护的数值的10%之内的数量均包含在权利要求的范围内。制剂中组分的百分比以重量百分比列出。
所公开的实施例仅是本文公开的创造性概念的示范性实施例,并且不应当视为是限制性的,除非权利要求另有特别说明。
实例
低VOC制剂的制备
在制备该制剂之前,组分的量必须加以计算(参见下表)。在制备本发明的制剂时,申请人使用以技术级活性成分(“TGAI”)形式的GA3、GA4和GA4/7。技术级中的GA3、GA4和GA4/7的百分比的典型范围在89%w/w至95%w/w之间。TGAI中的GA3、GA4和GA4/7的活性的变化应当是制备所需百分比的GA3、GA4和/或GA4/7制剂时减少或增加稀释的量导致的。这是美国环保局per 40C.F.R.§158.1的指南中的标准惯例。
通常的制备方法
通常通过将赤霉酸溶解在有机溶剂中并在优选低于120℃(最优选低于100℃)下混合来制备非水溶液。相信在极性和/或半极性有机溶剂中加热赤霉酸直到100℃将不会使植物生长调节剂明显降解。下表1概述了低VOC溶剂系统中的GA3的实例。下表是制造该制剂的进一步详细的描述。
表1:实例概述
实例 | %GA3 | %溶剂 | 溶剂 | %共溶剂 | 共溶剂 | %表面活性剂 | %矿物质 |
1 | 15 | 84.5 | PEG 200 | 0 | NA | 0.5 | 0 |
2 | 15 | 69.5 | PEG 200 | 15 | 乙醇 | 0.5 | 0 |
3 | 10 | 74.9 | PEG 200 | 15 | 丙二醇 | 0 | 0.1 |
4 | 20 | 69.5 | 丙二醇 | 0 | NA | 0.5 | 0 |
5 | 15.5 | 83.9 | 丙二醇 | 0 | NA | 0.5 | 0.1 |
6 | 10.5 | 89 | Molex G-612 | 0 | NA | 0.5 | 0 |
7 | 10.5 | 74.5 | Molex G-612 | 15 | 丙二醇 | 0 | 0 |
实例1-15%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表2
如表2所示,将845克的PEG 200装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中。在混合和加热(温度低于100℃)时加入表面活性剂和GA3。继续搅拌时关闭加热源。混合持续60分钟,在包装前允许冷却制剂。
实例3-15%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表3
如表3所示,将730克的PEG 200装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中并加热。在加热(温度低于100℃)时,装填己醇、表面活性剂和GA3,并允许混合。继续搅拌时关闭加热源。混合持续60分钟,在包装前允许冷却制剂。
实例4-15%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表4
如表4所示,将749克的PEG 200装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中并加热。在加热(温度低于100℃)时,装填丙二醇、GA3和Mixrite锌,并允许混合15分钟。继续搅拌时关闭加热源。混合持续60分钟,在包装前允许冷却制剂。
实例5-15%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表5
如表5所示,将695克的丙二醇装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中。在混合并加热15分钟(温度低于100℃)时加入表面活性剂和GA3。继续搅拌时关闭加热源。混合持续60分钟,并在包装前允许冷却制剂。获得清澈的溶液,其包含20%重量/重量的GA3。
实例6-15%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表6
如表6所示,将835克的丙二醇装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中。在混合并加热15分钟(温度低于100℃)时,加入表面活性剂、Mixrite锌和GA3。在85℃时加入Mixrite锌,并在继续搅拌时关闭加热源。混合持续60分钟,并在包装前允许冷却制剂。
实例7–10.5%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表7
如表7所示,将835克的Molex G-612(非聚合高级二醇混合物)装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中。在混合并加热15分钟(温度低于100℃)时,加入表面活性剂和GA3。混合持续120分钟,并在包装前允许冷却制剂。获得清澈的溶液,其包含10.5%重量/重量的GA3。
实例8–10.5%低VOC赤霉酸制剂的制备
表8
如表8所示克数的Molex G-612(非聚合高级二醇混合物)装填于2公升玻璃烧杯中。在混合并加热15分钟(温度低于100℃)时,加入丙二醇和GA3。混合持续120分钟,并在包装前允许冷却制剂。获得清澈的溶液,其包含10.5%重量/重量的GA3。
易挥发有机测定
为了计算VOC测定,使用来自加利福尼亚农业司的“通过热重分析估计杀虫剂的易挥发释放潜力”方法。该方法使用热重分析(TGA)来确定VOC。在受控容器中加热样品,并且等温地加热直至样品质量损失速率下落到限定的阈值之下。重复三次处理样品,并使用以下公式计算VOC:释放潜力(EP)=均值(%TGA样品质量损失)-(产品%水)-(产品%免除化合物)。表9概述了VOC样品。通过计算机控制的烘箱中的样品质量损失来确定下表中的释放潜力(VOC评级/挥发性),使用记录式微量天平来确定终点。本发明的制剂具有≤25的VOC评级,其相当于≤25%的易挥发有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力。
表9:VOC结果概述
Claims (21)
1.一种非水液体溶液制剂,其包含:
a)约0.001至约20重量%的至少一种选自由GA3、GA4和GA4/7组成的组的赤霉素,
b)约40至99.9重量%的选自由至少一种分子量为约190-420的聚乙二醇、丙二醇和至少一种非聚合的二醇组成的组的低挥发性有机溶剂;
c)0至约20重量%的至少一种非水性共溶剂;
d)0至约20重量%的至少一种表面活性剂,和
e)任选的,至少一种矿物质,
其中所述液体制剂具有低水平的挥发性有机化学物质,使得所述液体制剂的蒸气压20℃下大于0.08mm汞柱或所述液体制剂具有≤25%的挥发性有机化学物质(VOC)释放潜力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述低挥发性有机溶剂由约55-99.9重量%的分子量为约190-420的聚乙二醇组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制剂,其包含约10-15重量%的至少一种赤霉素和约70-84.5重量%的聚乙二醇。
4.根据权利要求2-3中任一项所述的制剂,其中至少一种赤霉素由GA3组成。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的制剂,其中聚乙二醇具有约190至210的分子量。
6.根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约4至约15.5%的GA3。
7.根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约10.5至约16%的GA3。
8.根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约12.5至约15.8的GA3。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述低挥发性有机溶剂由约40至约84重量%的丙二醇组成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制剂,其中至少一种赤霉素由GA3组成。
11.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约4至约20%的GA3。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约15至20%的GA3。
13.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述低挥发性有机溶剂由约51至99.9%的至少一种非聚合的二醇组成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制剂,其中至少一种赤霉素由GA3组成。
15.根据权利要求13-14中任一项所述的制剂,其包含约4至11%的GA3。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的制剂,其中所述非聚合的二醇选自由三甘醇、四甘醇和五甘醇组成的组。
17.根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种非水性共溶剂选自由半极性和极性溶剂组成的组。
18.根据权利要求17所述的制剂,其中所述半极性和极性溶剂具有大于10@20℃的介电常数。
19.根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种非水溶剂选自由醇、二烷基酮、碳酸亚烷基酯、烷基酯、吡咯烷酮和芳基酯组成的组。
20.根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种表面活性剂选自由羧酸盐、磺酸盐、天然油、烷基酰胺、芳基酰胺、烷基酚、芳基酚、乙氧基化醇、聚氧乙烯、羧酸酯、聚烷基乙二醇酯、脱水山梨糖醇、乙二醇酯、羧酸酰胺、单烷醇胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺、聚山梨醇酯、环糊精、糖基、硅酮基、多烷基化醇和烷基芳基乙氧基化物组成的组。
21.根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的制剂,其包含小于5重量%的水。
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