CN107843846B - A kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method - Google Patents
A kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107843846B CN107843846B CN201711014776.9A CN201711014776A CN107843846B CN 107843846 B CN107843846 B CN 107843846B CN 201711014776 A CN201711014776 A CN 201711014776A CN 107843846 B CN107843846 B CN 107843846B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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Abstract
A kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, the method are as follows: obtaining discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time data of the lithium ion battery aging front and back with certain working system charge and discharge when；Intercept discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time data of the data of first step acquisition in identical state-of-charge section；Define the health status indicator expression formula of lithium ion battery；Obtain the V in third steplower limitValue；The HI value in formula is obtained, the health status of battery is obtained.The invention has the advantages that the present invention from battery work when can real-time measurement apparent data (discharge voltage, discharge current) discharge time, there is the health state of lithium ion battery estimation method of acquisition parameter easily to obtain, the pervasive general, characteristic that can apply in real time, it is easy to be embedded in the health status of battery management system estimation battery, the shortcomings that substantially improving existing work system or test equipment, practicability is very strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation methods.
Background technique
The health status (State of Health, SOH) of lithium ion battery is often used in the aging journey of characterization battery
Degree, there are mainly two types of the methods of definition at present, and one: maximum when maximum available and battery after cell degradation are completely healthy can
With the percentage of capacity；Two: the percentage of impedance when impedance and battery after cell degradation are completely healthy.Accurately and timely estimate
Meter cell health state, which not only efficiently runs cell safety, to be of great significance, but also can be remaining battery probable life
Prediction provide data support.
In existing health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, the acquisition needs of capability value are adopted under isothermal condition
Battery is charged into fullcharging electricity condition with constant current constant voltage method, then uses constant flow method by battery discharge extremely by voltage, and recycle
Charge and discharge at least 3 times, it is averaged the maximum available value as battery current state, not only time-consuming, but also most feelings
Battery is all in dynamic charge and discharge or shallow charge and discharge under condition, therefore this method is difficult to realize real-time online application.Impedance value
Acquisition mainly has impulse method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, but both methods has larger drawback, on the one hand needs to guarantee
State-of-charge and temperature before and after cell degradation is identical, and on the other hand the former needs test equipment to have sufficiently high measurement essence
Degree, and the latter needs specific test equipment, further, since the amplitude of variation of its impedance value is smaller afterwards before ageing for battery, because
This health status estimation method based on impedance is difficult to practical application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve existing health state of lithium ion battery estimation methods to need specific test real
Test or specific test equipment to cause parameter to obtain difficult and the problem of be unsuitable for online real-time application, a kind of lithium ion battery is provided
Health status estimation method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, the method for estimating state the following steps are included:
Step 1: discharge voltage, electric discharge when before and after acquisition lithium ion battery aging with certain working system charge and discharge
Electric current, discharge time data；The working system includes charge and discharge system, charging and discharging currents and temperature；
Step 2: discharge voltage in identical state-of-charge section of the data that obtain in interception step 1, discharge current,
Discharge time data；
Step 3: the health status indicator expression formula of lithium ion battery is proposed:
Wherein, the HI is the health status value of lithium ion battery, t01For its identical state-of-charge of correspondence before cell degradation
The initial time in section, t0For its initial time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, t after cell degradationend1Before cell degradation
Its end time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, tendFor its termination for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section after cell degradation
Moment, Vfresh(t) and Vaged(t) be respectively before cell degradation and after aging in step 2 putting in identical state-of-charge section
Piezoelectric voltage data, Vlower limitDischarge cut-off voltage value when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely, I (t) are identical in step 2
The discharge current of lithium ion battery in state-of-charge section；
Step 4: setting Vlower limitValue；
Step 5: HI value is obtained according to formula (3), to obtain the health status of battery.
Health state of lithium ion battery estimation method described in more than one is suitable for the lithium-ion electric of all material system
Pond monomer and battery pack.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is: the present invention from battery work when can real-time measurement apparent number
It sets out according to (discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time), the health state of lithium ion battery estimation method of acquisition has parameter easy
It obtains, the pervasive general, characteristic that can apply in real time, is easy to be embedded in the health status of battery management system estimation battery, it is only necessary to
Discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time data when being worked using battery in identical state-of-charge section can be obtained in real time
Battery health status estimated value, overcome and existing standard needed based on capacity or the health status estimation method of impedance
The shortcomings that work system or test equipment, practicability is very strong.And can the influence further by temperature to cell discharge performance draw
Enter in this health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, obtains the wider array of improved health state of lithium ion battery of the scope of application
Estimation method.In addition, this health state of lithium ion battery estimation method can be used in quickly commenting for battery optimum working temperature
Estimate, the quickly screening and the performance of tentatively rapid evaluation electrode material etc. of battery consistency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is constant-current discharge curve graph of the lithium ion battery in different health status；
Indicate that battery charge state is 100% at the time of baseline 1 represents, baseline 2 represents the electric discharge cut-off of lithium ion battery
Voltage indicates battery discharge to same state-of-charge, rectangular mark, circular mark, upper equilateral triangle note at the time of baseline 3 represents
Number and the curve that is marked of lower equilateral triangle mark to respectively indicate cell health state be 100%, 91.7%, 85.3% and 80%
When constant-current discharge curve, here for convenient for comparing, the discharge current before and after cell degradation takes steady state value.
Fig. 2 be using standard performance test obtain capability value as the health status factor health status and cycle-index it
Between relational graph；
Fig. 3 is the relationship between the health status and cycle-index obtained with health status estimation method proposed by the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Further description of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and however, it is not limited to this,
It is all that modifying or equivalently replacing the technical solution of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention,
It should all cover within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment record is a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, it is described
Method for estimating state the following steps are included:
Step 1: discharge voltage, electric discharge when before and after acquisition lithium ion battery aging with certain working system charge and discharge
Electric current, discharge time data；The working system includes charge and discharge system, charging and discharging currents and temperature；
Step 2: discharge voltage in identical state-of-charge section of the data that obtain in interception step 1, discharge current,
Discharge time data；
Step 3: the health status indicator expression formula of lithium ion battery is proposed:
Wherein, the HI is the health status value of lithium ion battery, t01For its identical state-of-charge of correspondence before cell degradation
The initial time in section, t0For its initial time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, t after cell degradationend1Before cell degradation
Its end time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, tendFor its termination for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section after cell degradation
Moment, Vfresh(t) and Vaged(t) be respectively before cell degradation and after aging in step 2 putting in identical state-of-charge section
Piezoelectric voltage data, Vlower limitDischarge cut-off voltage value when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely, I (t) are identical in step 2
The discharge current of lithium ion battery in state-of-charge section；
Step 4: setting Vlower limitValue；
Step 5: HI value is obtained according to formula (3), to obtain the health status of battery.
Specific embodiment 2: a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method described in specific embodiment one, step
In rapid one, the working system is temperature and electric current is identical or its variation is identical when front and back recycles.
Specific embodiment 3: a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method described in specific embodiment one, step
Rapid one detailed process are as follows:
Charge and discharge are carried out to the lithium ion battery before and after aging using certain working system, obtain lithium ion battery not
With the discharge voltage of ageing step, discharge current, discharge time data.As shown in Figure 1, being lithium ion battery with constant current constant voltage method
It is charged to 100% state-of-charge, the exemplary diagram of 70% state-of-charge is then discharged to constant flow method.Charge and discharge used by curve in figure
Electric system keeps identical before and after lithium ion battery aging.
Specific embodiment 4: a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method described in specific embodiment one, step
Rapid two detailed process are as follows:
Desired state-of-charge section initial value and stop value are set, intercepts data acquired in step 1 in this area
Input data of the interior discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time data as health status estimation method.
Specific embodiment 5: a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, institute described in specific embodiment one
State the concrete foundation that health state of lithium ion battery indicator expression formula is obtained in step 3 are as follows:
With cycle charge-discharge or long-term stand aging can occur for lithium ion battery, generate solid electrolyte in battery cathode
Interfacial film simultaneously persistently thickens, and causes the impedance of battery to increase, while consuming electrolyte and available lithium ion, therefore, works as battery
When with identical working system charge and discharge, polarizing voltage is gradually increased with aging, is closed in discharge curve and discharge time
It is showed themselves in that at identical state-of-charge in system's figure (as shown in Figure 1), the discharge voltage profile of lithium ion battery is with the old of battery
Change is gradually moved down in y direction, that is to say, that in identical state-of-charge section, the discharge curve of battery and electric discharge are originated
The figure that discharge cut-off voltage axis (baseline 2) when axis (baseline 1), termination axis (baseline 3) and battery discharge completely is surrounded
Area be gradually reduced with the aging of battery, as shown in Figure 1
Wherein, the SiDischarge curve and b axis when by the electric discharge of battery i-th surround the area of figure, such as Fig. 1
Shown, i is cycle-index, t0And tendAt the time of respectively corresponding to representated by baseline 1 in Fig. 1 and baseline 3, ViIt (t) is battery
The discharge voltage V of the i-th data that t changes at any time, due to generally acknowledging that the discharge voltage of lithium ion battery is reduced to electric discharge in the industry
When blanking voltage, battery can not continue externally to do work, therefore, Vlower limitWhen lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely herein
Discharge cut-off voltage value；
Influence for introducing discharge current I (t) to lithium ion battery discharge curve obtains formula (2),
Wherein, the WiIn t when discharging for battery i-th0And tendActing ability in section, it can be seen that this numerical value
Also with battery aging and reduce, i is cycle-index, t0And tendRespectively corresponding to representated by baseline 1 in Fig. 1 and baseline 3
At the time of, Vi(t) data changed over time for the discharge voltage of battery i-th, Vlower limitLithium ion battery is taken herein
Discharge cut-off voltage value when discharging completely.
The health status estimation method that lithium ion battery is obtained based on formula (2), as shown in formula (3)
Wherein, the HI is the health status value of lithium ion battery, t01For its identical state-of-charge of correspondence before cell degradation
The initial time in section, t0For its initial time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, t after cell degradationend1Before cell degradation
Its end time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, tendFor its termination for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section after cell degradation
Moment, Vfresh(t) and Vaged(t) be respectively before cell degradation and after aging in step 2 putting in identical state-of-charge section
Piezoelectric voltage data, Vlower limitDischarge cut-off voltage value when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely, I (t) are identical in step 2
The discharge current of lithium ion battery in state-of-charge section.
Specific embodiment 6: a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method described in specific embodiment one, step
In rapid four, the Vlower limitValue requirement are as follows:
Vlower limitValue can take different numerical value according to different lithium-ion battery systems, most simple universal and
It is discharge cut-off voltage conduct when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely conducive to the obtaining value method that HI changes in formula (3) is compared
Vlower limitValue, discharge cut-off voltage when different lithium-ion battery system batteries discharges completely has different values,
But the discharge cut-off voltage of the lithium-ion battery system of specific electrode materials be it is fixed, such as cobalt acid lithium/graphite cell, completely
The discharge cut-off voltage of electric discharge is 3V.In addition, the value of this parameter is not limited only to the cut-off of electric discharge when battery being taken to discharge completely
Voltage can theoretically take arbitrary value, but for the ease of comparing, Vlower limitValue principle be taken Vlower limitValue
It is required that more apparent variation occurs when aging occurs for battery for the HI value in formula (3).
Specific embodiment 7: lithium-ion electric described in any specific embodiment in a kind of specific embodiment one to six
Pond health status estimation method is suitable for all material system (such as LiMn2O4 system, lithium nickelate system, ternary system, cobalt acid lithium
System etc.) lithium ion battery, monomer and battery pack.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: discharge voltage, electric discharge electricity of the lithium ion battery aging front and back with identical working system charge and discharge when are obtained
Stream, discharge time data；
Using rated capacity is cobalt acid lithium/graphite lithium ion battery of 1.2Ah as experimental subjects, is used first before experiment
Standard performance tests the capability value of (Reference Performance Test, RPT) calibration battery, specific method are as follows: adopt
It is filled with constant current constant voltage method (0.6C constant current multiplying power charges to 4.2V, and constant pressure 4.2V is kept to charge to current reduction to 0.05C)
Electricity stands 2min, then 0.6C constant current multiplying power discharging to 3V, recycles 3 times, be averaged the appearance as battery to fullcharging electricity condition
Magnitude.Then, circulation degradation is carried out to battery, method particularly includes: using constant current constant voltage method, (1.5C constant current multiplying power is charged to
4.2V keeps constant pressure 4.2V to charge to current reduction to 0.05C) fullcharging electricity condition is charged to, 2min is stood, then 1.5C
Constant current multiplying power discharging 12min, carries out standard performance test to battery every circulation 100 times, the capability value of battery is obtained, as battery
The reference of aging, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 2: discharge voltage, electric discharge electricity of the acquired data in identical state-of-charge section in interception step 1
Stream, discharge time data:
The feasibility of a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method proposed by the present invention for ease of description, step 1
In development of the circulation degradation between 100% state-of-charge and 70% state-of-charge, therefore intercept in step 1
When discharge voltage, discharge current (1.5C) between 100% state-of-charge (baseline 1) and 70% state-of-charge (baseline 3), electric discharge
Between (12min or 720s) data, as shown in Figure 1.
Step 3: the health status indicator expression formula of lithium ion battery is obtained；
Wherein, the HI is the health status value of lithium ion battery, t01For its identical state-of-charge of correspondence before cell degradation
The initial time in section, t0For its initial time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, t after cell degradationend1Before cell degradation
Its end time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, tendFor its termination for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section after cell degradation
Moment, Vfresh(t) and Vaged(t) be respectively before cell degradation and after aging in step 2 putting in identical state-of-charge section
Piezoelectric voltage data, Vlower limitDischarge cut-off voltage value when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely, I (t) are identical in step 2
The discharge current of lithium ion battery in state-of-charge section；
Step 4: to the V in step 3lower limitCarry out value；
For cobalt acid lithium/graphite lithium ion battery system, V is takenlower limitElectric discharge when=3V, i.e. battery discharge completely
Cutoff voltage value.
Step 5: according to Step 2: step 3 and step 4 obtain the HI value in formula (3), the healthy shape of battery is obtained
State；
As shown in figure 3, for the lithium that is obtained according to a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method proposed by the present invention from
Sub- cell health state is with the variation relation of cycle-index, and the method can be used for health state of lithium ion battery as seen from the figure
Estimation, and required input data (discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time) can real-time measurement, therefore can be used for
The estimation of health state of lithium ion battery real-time online, substantially improves existing health state of lithium ion battery estimation method and needs spy
The shortcomings that determining rating test or needing fc-specific test FC equipment.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method, it is characterised in that: the method for estimating state the following steps are included:
Step 1: obtain lithium ion battery aging before and after with certain working system charge and discharge when discharge voltage, discharge current,
Discharge time data；The working system includes charge and discharge system, charging and discharging currents and temperature；
Step 2: discharge voltage, discharge current, electric discharge of the data obtained in interception step 1 in identical state-of-charge section
Time data；
Step 3: the health status indicator expression formula of lithium ion battery is proposed:
Wherein, the HI is the health status value of lithium ion battery, t01For its identical state-of-charge section of correspondence before cell degradation
Initial time, t0For its initial time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section, t after cell degradationend1For its is right before cell degradation
Answer the end time in identical state-of-charge section, tendFor its end time for corresponding to identical state-of-charge section after cell degradation,
Vfresh(t) and Vaged(t) it is respectively electric discharge electricity after cell degradation and before aging in step 2 in identical state-of-charge section
Press data, Vlower limitDischarge cut-off voltage value when lithium ion battery being taken to discharge completely, I (t) are identical charged in step 2
The discharge current of lithium ion battery in state interval；
Step 4: setting Vlower limitValue；
Step 5: HI value is obtained according to formula (3), to obtain the health status of battery.
2. a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1,
The working system is temperature and electric current is identical or its variation is identical when front and back recycles.
3. a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tool of step 1
Body process are as follows:
Charge and discharge are carried out to the lithium ion battery before and after aging using certain working system, obtain lithium ion battery different old
The discharge voltage in change stage, discharge current, discharge time data.
4. a kind of health state of lithium ion battery estimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tool of step 2
Body process are as follows:
Desired state-of-charge section initial value and stop value are set, intercepts data acquired in step 1 in this section
Input data as health status estimation method of discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge time data.
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| CN109061479B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-11-17 | 郑州正方科技有限公司 | Battery pack unbalance analysis method and charging device |
| EP3591413B1 (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2023-08-30 | Electricité de France | Method for evaluating an electric battery state of health |
| CN109143108B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2021-08-20 | 合肥工业大学 | Lithium ion battery SOH estimation method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| CN112557932A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Method and device for determining health condition of energy storage device and power supply system |
| CN110927606B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-01-25 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Battery state monitoring method and device |
| WO2021142678A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-22 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Battery parameter determination method and device, and storage medium |
| CN111458648B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-04-08 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Online detection method for health state of lithium ion battery |
| CN112147528B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-11-26 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Method for diagnosing health state of lithium ion storage battery |
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| CN112834935A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 东软睿驰汽车技术（沈阳）有限公司 | Method and device for obtaining battery cell open-circuit voltage |
| CN113900028B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-07-08 | 山东大学 | Battery health state estimation method and system considering initial charge state and charge-discharge path |
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