CN107841279B - 一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂 - Google Patents

一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂 Download PDF

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CN107841279B
CN107841279B CN201711172529.1A CN201711172529A CN107841279B CN 107841279 B CN107841279 B CN 107841279B CN 201711172529 A CN201711172529 A CN 201711172529A CN 107841279 B CN107841279 B CN 107841279B
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胥卫奇
王国志
刘文兴
沙伟华
张文涛
孙哲
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Abstract

本发明提供一种单组份厌氧固化型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,该胶粘剂在有空气存在下不会交联固化,且粘度在贮存期内基本保持不变,在环圈绕制过程中,隔绝空气即可交联固化。该胶粘剂固化收缩率及热膨胀系数较低,在一定工作温度范围内,能够保证对光纤环圈的附加应力及模量的一致性,进而保证光纤陀螺的精度及稳定性。

Description

一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。
背景技术
光纤陀螺具有启动时间短、结构简单、重量轻、没有活动元件、维修少、环境适应性强、动态范围宽等诸多优点,已成为当前惯导领域发展的主要方向,在飞机、雷达、勘探、无人驾驶以及舰艇、导弹等的导航和姿态控制上具有广泛的应用前景。光纤环圈是光纤陀螺光路部分的核心器件,是将保偏光纤以一定的绕法绕制而成。单纯的光纤排布并不稳定,在剧烈的振动下光纤排列会被打乱,为了满足光纤陀螺的振动性能要求,绕制的光纤环圈需要施涂胶粘剂加以固定,而胶粘剂的存在使得光纤环圈可以保持排列之初的状态,当胶粘剂固化后,环圈的状态也随之被固定。
胶粘剂是光纤环圈系统中重量占比最大的,因此,胶粘剂的性能(如粘接强度、弹性模量、玻璃化转变温度、固化收缩率等)对光纤环圈的性能影响尤为重要。目前绕制光纤环圈广泛使用的粘合胶主要为热固化型和紫外光固化型两类。其中热固化型一般采用双组份硅橡胶,甲组分为端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷,乙组分为烷氧基硅烷(如正硅酸乙酯、烷氧基聚甲基氢硅氧烷等)。紫外光固化型一般采用聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯为预聚物,加入活性稀释剂、光引发剂等组成,这类胶粘剂为单组份。
热固化型胶粘剂存在的主要问题是适用期较短,在使用过程中粘度不断增大,无法满足光纤绕环操作的稳定性需求。紫外光固化型胶粘剂虽为单组份,但由于受到紫外光穿透深度的限制,不能用作光纤环圈胶粘剂,目前仅用于光纤尾纤的快速封装。
发明内容
为了克服上述背景技术中存在的不足,提供一种单组份厌氧固化型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,该胶粘剂在有空气存在下不会交联固化,且粘度在贮存期内基本保持不变,在环圈绕制过程中,隔绝空气即可交联固化。该胶粘剂固化收缩率及热膨胀系数较低,在一定工作温度范围内,能够保证对光纤环圈的附加应力及模量的一致性,进而保证光纤陀螺的精度及稳定性。
为实现本发明的上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,包括重量百分数:70~85%甲基丙烯酸酯单体、10~20%聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物、1~5%引发剂、0.1~2%促进剂、0.05~1%稳定剂。
本发明的甲基丙烯酸酯单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二缩丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三缩丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明中的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,由二异氰酸酯、二元醇以及甲基丙烯酸羟基酯聚合而成,其中二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种;二元醇为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇中的一种;甲基丙烯酸羟基酯为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中的一种。
本发明所述的引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化异丙苯、过氧化羟基异丙苯、苯甲酸过氧化叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢中的一种。
本发明所述的促进剂包括三乙胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、四氢喹啉、苯基硫脲、乙酰丙酮锡、乙酸锌、异辛酸铜、环烷酸钴、邻磺酰苯酰亚胺、邻苯二酰亚胺、1,5-二苯基碳酰二肼、三苯基膦等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的稳定剂包括对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二酚、2,6-二叔丁基酚、草酸、EDTA-2Na等中的一种或几种。
本发明采用单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯作为光纤环圈粘结用胶粘剂,克服了传统双组份胶粘剂适用期短以及紫外固化胶粘剂无法深层固化的缺陷;本发明的胶粘剂粘度小(≤500mPa·s),对保偏光纤具有良好的润湿性,隔绝氧气后1~5min即可实现粘结定位,在60℃条件下2~4h固化完全,操作固化性能完全满足光纤环圈绕制需求;本发明的胶粘剂固化收缩率小、热膨胀系数低,在-40~60℃使用温度范围内弹性模量变化幅度小、光纤环圈累积应力小且均匀。因此,采用本发明的胶粘剂粘结的光纤环圈质量水平高、性能稳定可靠的优点,从而保证光纤陀螺的精度即使用稳定性。
具体实施方式
以下通过典型实施例,对本发明进一步说明,但本发明不局限于这些实施例。
本发明的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备方法为:在带有搅拌加热装置的反应瓶中首先加入二异氰酸酯,开动搅拌并缓慢通入氮气,升温至40~55℃,0.5小时内滴入二元醇及催化剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡,占投料总重量的0.01%~0.1%),保温反应1小时,升温至60~65℃继续反应至NCO%含量达设计值;然后于60~65℃滴入甲基丙烯酸羟基酯及阻聚剂(占甲基丙烯酸羟基酯重量的0.05%~0.5%),继续保温反应至NCO%≤0.3%;降温备用。
实施例1
在带有搅拌加热装置的反应瓶中首先加入甲苯二异氰酸酯21.6g,开动搅拌并缓慢通入氮气,升温至40℃,0.5小时内滴入62.0g聚醚N210及0.04g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应1小时,升温至60℃继续反应至NCO含量达6.25%;然后于65℃滴入16.5g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯及0.03g对羟基苯甲醚,继续保温反应至NCO%≤0.3%;降温得聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物A。
取75g聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物A,加入甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙基酯181g、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯30g、甲基丙烯酸3g混合均一,再加入过氧化羟基异丙苯9g、邻磺酰苯酰亚胺1.5g、1,5-二苯基碳酰二肼0.2g、异辛酸铜0.1g、EDTA-2Na0.1g、草酸0.1g混合均匀的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。
测试其性能:粘度650mPa.s、拉伸强度3.7MPa、伸长率69%、弹性模量6.1MPa、玻璃化转变温度39℃、拉伸剪切强度(玻璃-玻璃)11.5MPa、固化收缩率3.3%,热膨胀系数318.6×10-6/K。
实施例2
在带有搅拌加热装置的反应瓶中首先加入异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯113.6g,开动搅拌并缓慢通入氮气,升温至50℃,0.5小时内滴入511.0g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇PTMG-2000及0.38g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应1小时,升温至65℃继续反应至NCO含量达3.45%;然后于65℃滴入75.4g甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯及0.2g 2,6-二叔丁基酚,继续保温反应至NCO%≤0.3%;降温得聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物B。
取180.5g聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物B,加入甲基丙烯酸丁酯207g、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯561g、甲基丙烯酸12g混合均一,再加入异丙苯过氧化氢26g、邻磺酰苯酰亚胺4.7g、N,N-二甲基苯胺7.6g、对苯二酚0.5g、EDTA-2Na 0.7g混合均匀的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。
测试其性能:粘度530mPa.s、拉伸强度1.8MPa、伸长率116%、弹性模量2.1MPa、玻璃化转变温度-12.8℃、拉伸剪切强度(玻璃-玻璃)13.7MPa、固化收缩率3.1%,热膨胀系数354.3×10-6/K。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
对比实施例
在带有搅拌加热装置的反应瓶中首先加入聚乙二醇(平均分子量6000)430g,于100-120℃真空脱水2h(15KPa),降温至70℃并保持温度稳定,加入25g甲苯二异氰酸酯,0.3g二月桂酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2h,再加入39g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,0.3g对羟基苯甲醚继续搅拌反应3h,聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物C。
取412.5g聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物C升温至65~75℃,加入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯303.5g、乙酰苯肼15g、1,4-对苯二酚0.26g搅拌下混合均匀,胶液温度控制在65~75℃,并搅拌1h,再加入异丙苯过氧化氢18.8g搅拌15min,混合均匀得单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。
测试其性能:室温下为固体,60℃粘度18500mPa.s、拉伸强度6.8MPa、伸长率65%、弹性模量9.5MPa、玻璃化转变温度-9.8℃、拉伸剪切强度(玻璃-玻璃)0.8MPa、拉伸剪切强度(铁板-铁板)26.5MPa。
对比实施例中单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂一般用于螺栓等金属紧固件的粘接,其固化过程必须有铁氧体的参与,否则难以固化。光纤环圈的粘结本质上是胶粘剂对光纤外层保护涂料的粘结,没有铁离子的存在,无法交联固化,因此无法实现粘结固定。

Claims (7)

1.一种单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,重量百分数:70~85%甲基丙烯酸酯单体、10~20%聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物、1~5%引发剂、0.1~2%促进剂、0.05~1%稳定剂,所述的甲基丙烯酸酯单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二缩丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三缩丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种,聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物的制备方法为,在带有搅拌加热装置的反应瓶中首先加入二异氰酸酯,开动搅拌并缓慢通入氮气,升温至40~55℃,0.5小时内滴入二元醇及催化剂,保温反应1小时,升温至60~65℃继续反应至NCO%含量达设计值;然后于60~65℃滴入甲基丙烯酸羟基酯及阻聚剂,继续保温反应至NCO%≤0.3%;降温备用,二元醇为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇中的一种;甲基丙烯酸羟基酯为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,二异氰酸酯、二元醇及甲基丙烯酸羟基酯的摩尔比为1.8~2︰1︰1.6~2.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化异丙苯、过氧化羟基异丙苯、苯甲酸过氧化叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化氢中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,促进剂包括三乙胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、四氢喹啉、苯基硫脲、乙酰丙酮锡、乙酸锌、异辛酸铜、环烷酸钴、邻磺酰苯酰亚胺、邻苯二酰亚胺、1,5-二苯基碳酰二肼、三苯基膦中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,稳定剂包括对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二酚、2,6-二叔丁基酚、草酸、EDTA-2Na中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡,占投料总重量的0.01%~0.1%,阻聚剂占甲基丙烯酸羟基酯重量的0.05%~0.5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,将各组分混合搅拌得到所述的单组份厌氧型丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。
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