CN107840631A - 一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107840631A
CN107840631A CN201711125295.5A CN201711125295A CN107840631A CN 107840631 A CN107840631 A CN 107840631A CN 201711125295 A CN201711125295 A CN 201711125295A CN 107840631 A CN107840631 A CN 107840631A
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insulation material
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mould
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李正良
张立颖
马昭键
陈少东
陆美玲
马昭星
马佳乐
周腾飞
周帆
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Guangxi Jikuang Solar Energy Equipment Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26Silicates of the alkali metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/65Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法,通过加热成型,将制备的多孔保温材料用酸处理后,使用温度可提高到1200℃。生产一种使用温度在‑200℃≤T≤1200℃的较低导热系数保温材料。本发明的方法,具有生产工艺简单,生产周期短,同时材料具有较好的隔热性能和较低的密度。并具有优异的防火功能,可以用于建筑保温,也可用于窑炉和加热炉的外层保温。

Description

一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于生产多孔保温材料领域,具体涉及碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液生产多孔保温材料的方法。
背景技术
全球能源日益紧张,能源危机加剧,世界各国特别是欧美发达国家对节能环保技术给予 了充分地重视。而保温材料在提高能源利用率,减少能源消耗方面具有重要的作用,因此开发先进的隔热保温材料对节能减排意义重大。保温材料指在平均温度不大于350℃时, 材料的导热系数应小于0.12Wm-1k-1。泡沫玻璃保温材料由于具有优良的防火、绝热、轻质 特点,在工程中得到广泛的应用。传统生产泡沫玻璃的方法主要是以生产生活中的废玻璃经研磨成玻璃粉,加入发泡剂经高温加热发泡的方法生产。由于碱金属硅酸盐原料资源丰富, 尤其是硅酸钠价格便宜,已经用于一些保温涂料。目前碱金属硅酸盐及玻璃发泡生产泡沫玻璃工艺主要采用在炉子里直接加热发泡或者加入造孔剂煅烧发泡。本发明主要是在不添加任何发泡剂的情况下短时间发泡,制备出密度最低为30kg/m3、导热系数最低可达0.036W/m·K的泡沫保温材料,再通过酸处理耐温可以提高到1200℃。本发明通过酸处理H+取代Na+,保温材料使用温度 提高至1200℃,解决了普通泡沫玻璃使用温度低(T≤450℃)的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种通过微波加热碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液,在不添加任何发泡剂, 添加或者不添加填料的情况下生产多孔泡沫保温材料,通过酸处理使多孔泡沫保温材料的使用温度提高至1200℃。
本发明制备多孔泡沫保温材料方法包括:
(1)原料的准备:配制质量百分比为35-55%的碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液,按100毫 升的水溶液计,加入2-6克填料,填料选自硅酸铝纤维、石纤维、矿棉、膨胀珍珠岩中的一种或多种,将原料搅拌均匀;
(2)成型:将搅拌均匀的原料注入模具中成型;模具采用耐温材料,最好是陶瓷或者玻璃;
(3)加热:将步骤(2)中配好的原料连同模具一起直接放入加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为250-300℃:时间为10-40分钟。优选15-35 分钟
(4)脱模:将加热后的模具从加热炉中取出,进行脱模;
(5)浸泡:用酸性强度大于硅酸的液体进行浸泡处理,浸泡时间3-10小时。优选所用的酸为盐酸、硫酸或硝酸。
在上述实施方案中,所述的碱金属硅酸盐为碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液,模数为1.8≤n≤4.2。 制备的多孔泡沫保温材料的密度在35kg/m3≤ρ≤120kg/m3
本发明通过加热碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液,不添加任何发泡剂、添加或者不添加填料制备多孔发泡保温材料的方法。原料来源丰富且价格便宜,制备多孔保温材料,提高环境保护。
发明的优点在于:
(1)采用发泡加热方法,使材料孔分布较均匀,时间周期短,工艺简单,节能、 环保。
(2)发泡不需添加任何其他添加剂,配料中的水有辅助发泡的作用,减少因加有机发泡剂造成的环境污染和易燃的问题。
(3)通过酸中的H+取代金属离子,硅酸盐生成硅酸,加热生成多孔网状的SiO2, 产品可耐1200℃,快速提高了使用温度。
(4)碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液微波加热直接发泡,发泡体密度低,导热系数低。
(5)原料中加入少量填料或者成型后酸处理,隔热、力学性能以及耐水性得到一定的提高。
发泡碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液制备的保温材料的隔热性能和力学性能较好,工艺简单,原料价格便宜,在高温窑炉保温、建筑外墙保温和低温条件下保温具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)原料的制备:
量取体积100ml、模数n=3.5,Na2O质量分数9.0%、SiO2质量分数22.5%的水玻璃为原料,添加5g多晶莫来石纤维,搅拌均匀。
(2)成型:把步骤(1)的原料直接加入圆柱形的陶瓷模具中;
(3)加热方法:放入加热炉中,温度250℃,加热15分钟;
(4)脱模步骤:取出陶瓷模具,进行脱模。
(5)将样品切割成5×2×2cm,用pH=1的盐酸浸泡8小时,再用水浸泡1小时,干燥。
样品密度为ρ=88kg/m3,导热系数为0.036W/m·K,具有较好的隔热性能。抗压强度P 为0.12MPa;经1200℃烧结后,线收缩率在0.28×10-6m/℃-1
实施例2:
(1)原料的制备:
量取体积1000ml、模数n=3.2,Na2O质量分数9.5%、SiO2质量分数20.8%的水玻璃为原料。
(2)成型:把步骤(1)的原料直接加入圆柱形的陶瓷模具中;
(3)加热方法:放入加热炉中,温度300℃,加热30分钟;;
(4)脱模步骤:取出陶瓷模具,进行脱模。
(5)将样品切割成40×12×12cm,用pH=1.2的硫酸或硝酸浸泡10小时,再用水浸泡1.5小时,干燥。
样品密度为ρ=75kg/m3,导热系数为0.048W/m·K,具有较好的隔热性能。抗压强度P为0.1MPa;经1200℃烧结后,线收缩率在0.29×10-6m/℃-1
实施例3:
(1)原料的制备:
量取体积3000ml、模数n=3.2,Na2O质量分数9.3%、SiO2质量分数20.5%的水玻璃为原料,添加80g纤维,搅拌均匀。
(2)成型:把步骤(1)的原料直接加入长方形(500mm×300mm×200mm)的陶瓷模具中;
(3)加热方法:放入加热炉中,温度285℃,加热40分钟;;
(4)脱模步骤:取出陶瓷模具,进行脱模。
(5)将样品切割成50×20×20cm,用pH=1的酸浸泡10小时,再用水浸泡1小时,干燥。
样品密度为ρ=83.6kg/m3,导热系数为0.052W/m·K,具有较好的隔热性能。抗压强度P 为0.09MPa;经1200℃烧结后,线收缩率在0.32×10-6m/℃-1

Claims (5)

1.一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法,包括: (1)原料的准备:配制质量百分比为35-55%的碱金属硅酸盐的水溶液,按100毫 升的水溶液计,加入2-6克填料,填料选自硅酸铝纤维、石纤维、矿棉、膨胀珍珠岩中的一种或多种,将原料搅拌均匀; (2)成型:将搅拌均匀的原料注入模具中成型; (3)加热:将步骤(2)中配好的原料连同模具一起直接放入加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为250-300℃:时间为10-40分钟; (4)脱模:将加热后的模具从加热炉中取出,进行脱模;(5)浸泡:用酸性强度大于硅酸的液体进行浸泡处理,浸泡时间3-10小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的碱金属硅酸盐为钠硅酸盐固体或者钠硅酸盐的水溶液,模数为1.8≤n≤4.2。
3.根据权利要求1-2之一所述的方法,其中所述的加热时间为15-35分钟。
4.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的方法,其中所述模具是陶瓷或者玻璃材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所用的酸为盐酸、硫酸或硝酸。
CN201711125295.5A 2017-11-14 2017-11-14 一种耐高温多孔保温材料的制备方法 Withdrawn CN107840631A (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102381884A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2012-03-21 南京工业大学 一种微波加热碱金属硅酸盐制备多孔保温材料方法
CN105859240A (zh) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-17 丁军 一种隔音材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102381884A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2012-03-21 南京工业大学 一种微波加热碱金属硅酸盐制备多孔保温材料方法
CN105859240A (zh) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-17 丁军 一种隔音材料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20180327