CN107839466A - 一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置 - Google Patents
一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,包括与发动机相连的输入轴以及第一电机、第二电机和输出轴,所述的第一电机和第二电机纵向并列布置于所述发动机的一侧,还包括相互连接的第一行星排和第二行星排,所述的第一行星排通过第一空心轴与所述的第一电机相连,所述的第二行星排通过第二空心轴与所述的第二电机相连,所述的输入轴末端设有与所述第一行星排相连的行星架,所述的输出轴与所述的第二行星排相连。本发明的传动装置结构紧凑、传动效率更高、集成度更高,带有锁止机构,可以切换不同的模式,不用再设置额外的减速机构,易于布局,减少了零部件,降低了成本,使双电机和行星排共用冷却系统,易于控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车混合动力传动技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置。
背景技术
由于能源短缺以及公众环保意识的增强,环保的电动汽车或燃料电池骑车便应用而生,然而由于技术的制约,上述类型的汽车还难以在短时间内全面推广,因此,技术上比较成熟的混合动力汽车是目前比较理想的一种选择。
混合动力汽车(HEV)作为一种新兴的节能环保型汽车,其技术和市场处于一种蓬勃发展阶段,混合动力汽车与传统汽车及纯电动汽车相比,最大差别是动力系统。对于并联和混联式HEV,动力耦合系统负责将HEV的多个动力组合在一起,实现多动力源间合理的功率分配并把动力传给驱动桥,它在HEV开发中处于重要地位,其性能直接关系到HEV整车性能是否达到设计要求,是HEV最核心部分。行星轮系具有多自由度、输入输出灵活可控的特点,而且结构紧凑、体积小、速比大,因此被越来越多的混合动力汽车动力耦合系统所采用,这也是当今混合动力汽车动力总成发展的一种趋势。
1997年丰田推出首款混合动力汽车Prius,2005年又推出了搭载最新第三代机电混合动力系统的2006款Prius,仍采用THS动力分流式结构,行星齿轮系统对发动机的输出功率进行重新分配,达到合理平衡发动机符合的目的。附图1所示即为丰田Prius混合动力轿车的动力传动装置结构原理图,包括发动机E、电机MG1、电机MG2以及包括一个单行星排的动力耦合系统等部件,在此机构中,发动机E通过减震阻尼器与单行星排的行星架a相连,并通过行星齿轮b将动力传递给外齿圈c和太阳轮d,外齿圈c与输出轴相连,输出轴通过减速齿轮组e和电机MG2的转子相连,太阳轮d与电机MG1的转子相连,输出轴通过链传动系统f、主减速器g以及差速器h将动力传递给车轮。该系统将发动机E大部分转矩直接传递到输出轴上,将小部分转矩传给电机MG1以用于发电,电机MG1发出的电能根据指令用于电池充电或驱动电机MG2,以增加驱动力。这种结构可以通过调节电机MG1的转矩和转速,让发动机一直处于高效率区或低排放区,此外,通过调节行星排各元件的转速,使其像无级变速器一样工作。
然而,由于上述动力传动装置的两个电机MG1、MG2布置在单行星排的两侧,电机系统集成度低,采用单行星排,减速比低,对电机的转速变化范围、转矩要求高,从而对电机的整体要求高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种结构紧凑、传动效率更高、集成度更高的带锁止机构的双行星排电机集成式混合动力传动装置。
本发明的技术方案是这样的:一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,包括与发动机相连的输入轴以及第一电机、第二电机和输出轴,所述的第一电机和第二电机纵向并列布置于所述发动机的一侧,还包括相互连接的第一行星排和第二行星排,所述的第一行星排通过第一空心轴与所述的第一电机相连,所述的第二行星排通过第二空心轴与所述的第二电机相连,所述的输入轴末端设有与所述第一行星排相连的行星架,所述的输出轴与所述的第二行星排相连。
作为进一步地改进,所述的第一行星排包括相互啮合的第一太阳轮和第一行星轮,所述的第二行星排包括依次啮合的第二太阳轮、第二行星轮和齿圈,所述的第一行星轮与所述的第二行星轮啮合相连。
进一步地,所述的第一太阳轮与所述的第一空心轴相连,所述的第一行星轮与所述的行星架相连。
进一步地,所述的第二太阳轮与所述的第二空心轴相连,所述的齿圈与所述的输出轴相连。
进一步地,所述的第一空心轴和第二空心轴分别与所述的输入轴同轴布置,且所述的第二空心轴套设在所述的第一空心轴上。
进一步地,还包括壳体,所述的第一电机、第二电机、第一行星排、第二行星排、第一空心轴和第二空心轴均位于所述的壳体内。
进一步地,所述的第一电机和第二电机之间设有与所述第一空心轴相连的第一锁止离合器,所述的第一锁止离合器与所述的壳体相连。
进一步地,所述的第二电机和第二行星排之间设有与所述第二行星轮相连的第二锁止离合器,所述的第二锁止离合器与所述壳体相连。
有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比,具有的优点为:
1、本发明的传动装置结构紧凑、采用双行星排的传动机构,可以实现无级变速,传动效率更高、集成度更高,不用再设置额外的减速机构,易于布局,减少了零部件,降低了成本;
2、本发明的发动机、第一电机和第二电机三个输入的转矩耦合后传递到输出端,通过两个锁止离合器的动作组合,能够切换不同的工作模式和状态组合,实现多种不同的输出模式;
3、本发明通过壳体将双电机和行星排包围,使传动结构处于一个封闭的状态,能够使二者共用冷却润滑系统,易于布局,控制简单可靠;
4、本发明的两个电机纵向并列布置在发动机的一侧,减小了传动装置的空间,满足传动需要的同时,使传动装置更加小型化、高速化,易于制作和控制;
5、本发明的输入轴、第一空心轴和第二空心轴同轴布置,能够提高动力传递的稳定性,有效延长传动装置的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的结构原理图;
图2为本发明的结构原理图。
其中:1-发动机、2-输入轴、3-第一电机、4-第二电机、5-第一空心轴、6-第二空心轴、7-行星架、8-第一太阳轮、9-第一行星轮、10-第二太阳轮、11-第二行星轮、12-齿圈、13-第一锁止离合器、14-第二锁止离合器、15-壳体、16-输出轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
参阅图2,本发明的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,包括与发动机1相连的输入轴2以及第一电机3、第二电机4和输出轴16,其中,第一电机3和第二电机4纵向并列布置于发动机1的一侧,该传动装置还包括相互连接的第一行星排和第二行星排,两个行星排均位于第二电机4的外侧,且第一行星排位于第二行星排的外侧,使发动机1、第一电机3、第二电机4和第二行星排、第一行星排依次排列,减小了传动装置的空间,满足传动需要的同时,使传动装置更加小型化、高速化,易于制作和控制,第一行星排通过第一空心轴5与第一电机3相连,第二行星排通过第二空心轴6与第二电机4相连,第一空心轴5和第二空心轴6分别与输入轴2同轴布置,且第二空心轴6套设在第一空心轴5上,能够提高动力传递的稳定性,有效延长传动装置的使用寿命,输入轴2的末端设有与第一行星排相连的行星架7,输出轴16与第二行星排相连,发动机1的动力通过输入轴2输入,第一电机3和第二电机4的动力通过第一空心轴5和第二空心轴6输入,最终,三者的动力通过第一行星排传递到输出轴16。
具体的,第一行星排包括相互啮合的第一太阳轮8和第一行星轮9,第一行星轮9位于第一太阳轮8的外围,且二者同轴布置,第二行星排包括依次啮合的第二太阳轮10、第二行星轮11和齿圈12,第二行星轮11位于第二太阳轮10和齿圈12之间,且三者同轴布置,其中,第二行星轮11为内外具有轮齿的齿轮,第一行星轮9插接于第二行星轮11内,且第一行星轮9与第二行星轮11啮合相连,第一太阳轮8与第一空心轴5相连,第一行星轮9与行星架7相连,第二太阳轮10与第二空心轴6相连,齿圈12与输出轴16相连,发动机1的动力依次通过输入轴2、行星架7、第一行星轮9、第二行星轮11和齿圈12传递到输出轴16输出;第一电机3的动力依次通过第一空心轴5、第一太阳轮8、第一行星轮9、第二行星轮11和齿圈12传递到输出轴16输出;第二电机4的动力依次通过第二空心轴6、第二太阳轮10、第二行星轮11和齿圈12传递到输出轴16输出。本发明的传动装置结构紧凑、采用双行星排的传动机构,可以实现无级变速,传动效率更高、集成度更高,不用再设置额外的减速机构,易于布局,减少了零部件,降低了成本。
本实施例中,该传动装置还包括壳体15,第一电机3、第二电机4、第一行星排、第二行星排、第一空心轴5和第二空心轴6均位于壳体15内,使传动结构处于一个封闭的状态,能够使二者共用冷却润滑系统,易于布局,控制简单可靠。
在第一电机3和第二电机4之间设有与第一空心轴5相连的第一锁止离合器13,第一锁止离合器13与壳体15相连;在第二电机4和第二行星排之间设有与第二行星轮11相连的第二锁止离合器14,第二锁止离合器14与壳体15相连,其中,第一锁止离合器13能够将第一空心轴5锁住,从而锁住第一太阳轮8,使其不能转动,第二锁止离合器14能够将第二行星轮11锁住,使第二行星轮11只能自转,而不能绕第二太阳轮10转动。本发明的发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4三个输入的转矩耦合后传递到输出端,通过两个锁止离合器的动作组合,能够切换不同的工作模式和状态组合,实现多种不同的输出模式,具体为:(1)起步和低速时纯电工作模式:第一锁止离合器13打开,第二锁止离合器14关闭,行星架7与壳体15连接在一起,只有第二电机4参与驱动,其转矩通过第二空心轴6、第二太阳轮10、第二行星轮11和齿圈12输出,第一行星轮9带动第一太阳轮8空转;(2)加速和上缓坡纯电工作模式:第一锁止离合器13打开,第二锁止离合器14关闭,行星架7与壳体15连接在一起,第一电机3参与驱动,其转矩通过第一空心轴5、第一太阳轮8、第一行星轮9、第二行星轮11和齿圈12输出,整车有两个电机共同驱动,动力性和加速性都能显著提高;(3)混合驱动模式:当中高速或者蓄电池电量不足时,第一锁止离合器13和第二锁止离合器14同时打开,发动机1便介入了连个行星齿排中,此时第二电机4在保持原有输出动力的情况下,只需要对第一电机3进行调速便可以通过行星架7带动发动机1启动,发动机1启动之后,可以进一步提高车速,发动机1的一部分转矩通过齿圈12输出驱动车轮,发动机1的另一部分多余转矩通过第一太阳轮8传动给第一电机3发电,第一电机3所发的电根据车速用于驱动第二电机4进行助力或者给蓄电池充电,发动机1不会随时都为电池充电,前提是发动机1保持在燃油经济性最佳的转速区间里,额外的能量才会用来发电补充到电池组内或者给第二电机4助力;(4)发动机单独驱动模式:在需要超速时,第一锁止离合器13关闭,第二锁止离合器14打开,从而第一电机3与壳体15连接在一起,从而保证发动机1的扭矩全部传递到齿圈12,以提高传动效率,此时的第二电机4作为辅助动力,从而确保发动机1的始终处于最佳工作状态,以节省能源。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。
Claims (8)
1.一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,包括与发动机(1)相连的输入轴(2)以及第一电机(3)、第二电机(4)和输出轴(16),其特征在于,所述的第一电机(3)和第二电机(4)纵向并列布置于所述发动机(1)的一侧,还包括相互连接的第一行星排和第二行星排,所述的第一行星排通过第一空心轴(5)与所述的第一电机(3)相连,所述的第二行星排通过第二空心轴(6)与所述的第二电机(4)相连,所述的输入轴(2)末端设有与所述第一行星排相连的行星架(7),所述的输出轴(16)与所述的第二行星排相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第一行星排包括相互啮合的第一太阳轮(8)和第一行星轮(9),所述的第二行星排包括依次啮合的第二太阳轮(10)、第二行星轮(11)和齿圈(12),所述的第一行星轮(9)与所述的第二行星轮(11)啮合相连。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第一太阳轮(8)与所述的第一空心轴(5)相连,所述的第一行星轮(9)与所述的行星架(7)相连。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第二太阳轮(10)与所述的第二空心轴(6)相连,所述的齿圈(12)与所述的输出轴(16)相连。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第一空心轴(5)和第二空心轴(6)分别与所述的输入轴(2)同轴布置,且所述的第二空心轴(6)套设在所述的第一空心轴(5)上。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,还包括壳体(15),所述的第一电机(3)、第二电机(4)、第一行星排、第二行星排、第一空心轴(5)和第二空心轴(6)均位于所述的壳体(15)内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第一电机(3)和第二电机(4)之间设有与所述第一空心轴(5)相连的第一锁止离合器(13),所述的第一锁止离合器(13)与所述的壳体(15)相连。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种双行星排双电机集成式混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述的第二电机(4)和第二行星排之间设有与所述第二行星轮(11)相连的第二锁止离合器(14),所述的第二锁止离合器(14)与所述壳体(15)相连。
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