CN107831536B - Desert surface seismic data handles floating datum method for building up - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of desert surface seismic data to handle floating datum method for building up, this method comprises: obtaining the corresponding remote sensing survey data in target area according to the longitude and latitude distribution of the target area of seism processing；Remote sensing survey data are subjected to origin coordinate system transform processing, plane coordinates system is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system；Using the remote sensing survey data under plane coordinates system, scale smoothing processing is carried out to the sand dune for being higher than certain height, establishes earth's surface elevation floating datum.The seism processing floating datum that the present invention establishes have the characteristics that it is directly smooth, independent of seismic data acquisition field actual measured results, result it is clear, in advance obtain.Due to not being associated with replacement velocity, low velocity layer, observation system etc., it is ensured that the objectivity and independence that floating datum is established, to eliminate the influence that desert earth's surface acutely rises and falls to seism processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to complex prospecting area oil and natural gas seismic exploration technique field, in particular to a kind of desert earth's surface
Seismic data processing floating datum method for building up.
Background technique
In Tarim Basin desert ground mulching area, since surface layer sand dune is rolling, so causing the change of earth's surface elevation
Change acutely, loose burial depth variation greatly, brings very big difficulty to seismic data acquisition, processing and explanation.
Floating datum is the processing median surface in seism processing.Due to the correlation theory of seismic prospecting be mostly with
Premised on the basic assumption of horizontal homogeneous stratiform medium, therefore floating datum should be as gentle as possible, so that it is violent to eliminate earth's surface
The influence to rise and fall to seism processing.
It is general that floating reference is established using average static correction value method and smooth earth's surface elevation method in seism processing
Face.But above-mentioned used technical method is typically based on the field actual measured results in seismic data acquisition, in floating base
There is certain limitation in the foundation and application in quasi- face, it is mainly reflected in:
A, the technological deficiency of average static correction value method:
Average static correction value method is by calculating each CMP (Common Mid-Point common point) trace gather Nei Gedao's
Floating datum of the sum average value as the point of big gun, receiver static correction amount.Its calculated result is the even surface of time-domain,
The floating datum into Depth Domain is converted usually above real surface using replacement velocity, and is contained without specific physics
Justice.Therefore, the floating datum that average static correction value method generates is unfavorable for the entirety of Depth Domain surface layer speed Yu mid-deep strata speed
Modeling and the pre-stack depth migration imaging based on smooth earth's surface.
B, the defect of smooth earth's surface elevation method
Scale is smooth, and the floating datum established is earth's surface elevation by carrying out to earth's surface elevation for smooth earth's surface elevation method
Even surface.Although the floating datum that smooth earth's surface elevation method generates has specific physical significance, and facilitate depth
Domain speed Holistic modeling and the migration imaging based on smooth earth's surface.But in practically seismic data processing, earth's surface altitude data
It is usually obtained by the shot point of seismic data acquisition and detection point height interpolation CMP elevation, so empty by field acquisition physical points
Between density limitation.For the near surface type more violent to desert, mountainous region equal ripple, earth's surface altitude data is by spatial sampling
The influence of density, precision is limited, cannot restore earth's surface height fluctuations completely.Furthermore big gun, geophone station distribution are inconsistent
Boundary effect is be easy to cause to elevation interpolation algorithm, to affect the precision of floating datum foundation.
C, the floating datum closed-ended question in the multi-thread seism processing of two dimension
In the multi-thread seism processing of two dimension, due to being limited by data itself, earth's surface elevation can only smoothly use one
Tie up smoothing operator.For orthogonal or oblique different surveys line, the direction limitation of one-dimensional smoothing operator causes each item and surveys
The earth's surface elevation of line cannot be closed completely, and affect subsequent static correction and the closure processing of rate pattern.
D, the floating datum reunification in seismic data reprocessing and block-tie processing
In seismic data reprocessing, since the earth's surface elevation smoothing operator peace slide rule degree of different times processing is difficult to
Unified, the long wavelength statics caused in static correction are inconsistent, affect the practicable precision of structure with lower amplitude.And in earthquake
In data block-tie processing, for the seismic data of different times acquisition, overlapping region, different blocks earth's surface are acquired in data
The measurement result of elevation inevitably has differences, therefore the floating datum established can not be completely the same, in work area joining place
Boundary effect can be generated, the effect of seismic data block-tie processing is affected.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it proposes on the present invention overcomes the above problem or at least be partially solved in order to provide one kind
State the desert surface seismic data processing floating datum method for building up of problem.
The desert surface seismic data processing floating datum method for building up provided according to the present invention, comprising:
According to the longitude and latitude distribution of the target area of seism processing, the corresponding remote sensing survey in target area is obtained
Data；
Remote sensing survey data are subjected to origin coordinate system transform processing, plane coordinate system is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system
System；
Using the remote sensing survey data under plane coordinates system, scale is carried out to the sand dune for being higher than certain height and is smoothly located
Reason, establishes earth's surface elevation floating datum.
Optionally, the remote sensing survey data under using plane coordinates system carry out ruler to the sand dune for being higher than certain height
Smoothing processing is spent, is established after earth's surface elevation floating datum, the above method further includes by the height of earth's surface elevation floating datum
Journey interpolation of data is CMP face element altitude data, and CMP face element altitude data saved as and is supported in seismic data processing system
Data format.
Optionally, carrying out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height further comprises: by seismic data acquisition
Spread length or arrangement piece width as smooth scale operator, and the sand dune for being higher than certain height cut and cuts processing.
Optionally, successive ignition is carried out to scale smoothing processing, to obtain the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of scale.
Optionally, after obtaining the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of scale, the above method further include: in conjunction near surface
Energy structure survey data are corrected the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of scale.
Optionally, near surface structure survey data further comprises little refraction data, micro logging data, hydrostatic planar survey number
According to.
Optionally, remote sensing survey data are subjected to origin coordinate system transform processing, plane is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system
The step of coordinate system, specifically includes: remote sensing survey data being carried out origin coordinate system transform using Gauss Kru&4&ger projection's method
Processing, is converted to plane coordinates system by latitude and longitude coordinates system.
Optionally, plane coordinates system further comprises: WGS84 or BJ1954 plane coordinates system.
Desert surface seismic data processing floating datum method for building up provided by the invention compared with prior art, should
Method obtains the corresponding remote sensing in above-mentioned target area by the longitude and latitude distribution according to the target area of seism processing
Measurement data, and the field actual measured results independent of seismic data acquisition.And by by above-mentioned remote sensing survey data
Origin coordinate system transform processing is carried out, plane coordinates system is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system；Then above-mentioned plane coordinates is utilized
Remote sensing survey data under system carry out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height, establish earth's surface elevation floating base
Quasi- face.The method of the present invention directly utilizes remote sensing survey data, it is possible to it is usual to overcome earth's surface altitude data in the prior art
It is obtained by the shot point and detection point height interpolation CMP elevation of seismic data acquisition, by field acquisition physical points space density
The defect of limitation.Earth's surface elevation floating reference is established by directly carrying out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height
Face is not also associated with without carrying out speed replacement with low velocity layer, observation system etc., is overcome and is calculated knot in the prior art
Fruit is the even surface of time-domain, is converted the floating datum into Depth Domain usually above real surface using replacement velocity
Defect, it is ensured that floating datum establish objectivity and independence, acutely rise and fall to eliminate desert earth's surface to earthquake
The influence of data processing.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
So as to be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage energy
It is enough clearer and more comprehensible, the followings are specific embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantages and benefits are common for this field
Technical staff will become clear.The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to the present invention
Limitation.And throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the desert surface seismic data processing floating datum provided according to an embodiment of the present invention and establishes
The flow chart of method.
Specific embodiment
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be by embodiments set forth here
It is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to facilitate a more thoroughly understanding of the present invention, and can be by the scope of the present disclosure
It is fully disclosed to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows the desert surface seismic data processing floating datum provided according to an embodiment of the present invention and establishes
The flow chart of method.As shown in Figure 1, this method includes the following steps S101- step S103.
It is corresponding to obtain target area according to the longitude and latitude distribution of the target area of seism processing by step S101
Remote sensing survey data.
Wherein remote sensing survey data such as can be SRTM remote sensing survey data, or other kinds of remote sensing survey
Data do not describe one by one herein.The acquisition modes of remote sensing survey data can be obtained using technological means well known to those skilled in the art
It takes, this is not restricted.
Remote sensing survey data are carried out origin coordinate system transform processing, are converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system flat by step S102
Areal coordinate system.
Wherein, remote sensing survey data are subjected to origin coordinate system transform processing, plane is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system and is sat
Mark system may further include: be carried out remote sensing survey data at origin coordinate system transform using Gauss Kru&4&ger projection's method
Reason, is converted to plane coordinates system by latitude and longitude coordinates system.Specific formula is as follows:
In above-mentioned formula: x is the abscissa of plane coordinates system, the ordinate that y is plane coordinates system.L is elliptical shape ball
The longitude of geodetic coordinates on face, the latitude that B is the geodetic coordinates on ellipsoidal surface.S is by equator to latitude B through bank
It is long.N is radius of curvature in prime vertical.η can be by formula η2=e'2cos2B is obtained, and wherein e' is the second eccentricity of the earth.
Wherein, above-mentioned plane coordinates system may further include: WGS84 or BJ1954 plane coordinates system, can be with
For other plane coordinates systems, this is not restricted.
Step S103 carries out ruler to the sand dune for being higher than certain height using the remote sensing survey data under plane coordinates system
Smoothing processing is spent, earth's surface elevation floating datum is established.
Wherein, carrying out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height further comprises: retaining near surface elevation
Under the premise of variation tendency, using the spread length of seismic data acquisition or arrangement piece width as smooth scale operator, and to height
Cut in the sand dune of certain height and cut processing, wherein above-mentioned certain height can be 1/2 or 3/4 part of sand dune height.Tool
Body carries out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height with following formula:
fsmooth(x, y)=σ f (x, y)
In above formula: f (x, y) is smooth preceding earth's surface elevation；σ is smooth scale operator；fsmooth(x, y) is smooth rear earth's surface
Elevation.
Further, successive ignition is carried out to above-mentioned scale smoothing processing, floated to obtain the smooth earth's surface elevation of scale
Datum level.After obtaining the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of above-mentioned scale, near surface structure tune is also further combined
It looks into data to be corrected the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of above-mentioned scale, to establish earth's surface elevation floating datum.Its
In, above-mentioned near surface structure survey data further comprises little refraction data, micro logging data, standing level measurement data etc.,
This is not described one by one.
It is flat to carry out scale to the sand dune for being higher than certain height for remote sensing survey data under the above-mentioned system using plane coordinates
Sliding processing, is established after earth's surface elevation floating datum, method provided by the invention further includes by earth's surface elevation floating datum
Altitude data in be inserted as CMP face element altitude data, and above-mentioned CMP face element altitude data is saved as into seismic data processing system
The data format of middle support.
By the matching with seismic acquisition and processing data, earthquake money will be inserted as in sparse floating surface altitude data
CMP face element altitude data employed in material processing, and the data are saved as to the data supported in seismic data processing system
Format.
It is established after desert surface seismic data processing floating datum through the above steps, by the floating datum into one
The load of step ground and application.By the way that the floating datum of acquisition to be loaded into seismic data processing system, this then can use
System carries out subsequent static correction, improves the seism processings such as signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio, velocity modeling.
Surface seismic data in desert provided in this embodiment handles floating datum method for building up compared with prior art,
It is corresponding distant to obtain above-mentioned target area by the longitude and latitude distribution according to the target area of seism processing for this method
Sensed quantity data, rather than the field actual measured results independent of seismic data acquisition.And by the way that above-mentioned remote sensing is surveyed
It measures data and carries out origin coordinate system transform processing, plane coordinates system is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system；Then using above-mentioned flat
Remote sensing survey data under areal coordinate system carry out scale smoothing processing to the sand dune for being higher than certain height, establish earth's surface elevation
Floating datum.This method directly utilizes remote sensing survey data, it is possible to overcome earth's surface elevation in plane earth's surface elevation method
Data are usually obtained by the shot point of seismic data acquisition and detection point height interpolation CMP elevation, empty by field acquisition physical points
Between density limitation defect and in seismic data block-tie processing, for different times acquisition seismic data for,
Data acquire overlapping region, and the measurement result of different blocks earth's surface elevation has differences, and the floating datum established can not
Completely the same, in work area, joining place can generate boundary effect, affect the defect of the effect of seismic data block-tie processing.By right
Sand dune higher than certain height carries out scale smoothing processing directly to establish earth's surface elevation floating datum, so without carrying out
Speed replacement, is not also associated with low velocity layer, observation system etc., when overcoming that calculated result is in average static correction value method
Between domain even surface, be converted the floating datum into Depth Domain usually above real surface using replacement velocity, and nothing
The problem of specific physical meaning, it is ensured that the objectivity and independence that floating datum is established.In addition, provided in this embodiment
Method further using the spread length of seismic data acquisition or arranges piece width as smooth scale operator, and special to being higher than
The sand dune for determining height is smoothed, and is overcome in the existing multi-thread seism processing of two dimension, due to the limit by data itself
System, earth's surface elevation can only smoothly use one-dimensional smoothing operator.For orthogonal or oblique different surveys line, the side of one-dimensional smoothing operator
The problem of earth's surface elevation for causing each survey line to limitation cannot be closed completely and seismic data reprocessing in by
It is difficult to unification in the earth's surface elevation smoothing operator peace slide rule degree of different times processing, causes the quiet school of long wavelength in static correction
The problem of positive quantity is inconsistent, affects the precision that structure with lower amplitude is implemented.Also, the present embodiment is in the sand established by this method
On unconcerned surface seismic data processing floating datum basis, and using static correction calculation method adaptable therewith, effectively solve
Long wavelength's static correction problem under desert surface conditions of having determined in seism processing.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that present invention has been shown and described in detail herein multiple shows
Example property embodiment still without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can be directly true according to disclosure of invention
Determine or derive many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is it should be understood that and recognize
It is set to and covers all such other variations or modifications.
In addition, although describing the present invention in the accompanying drawings with particular order implements operation, this is not required that or secretly
These operations must be executed in this particular order by showing, or is had to carry out operation shown in whole and be just able to achieve desired knot
Fruit.It can be omitted certain steps, multiple steps merged into a step and are executed, or a step is divided into multiple steps and is held
Row.
Method and specific implementation method of the invention are described in detail above, and give corresponding implementation
Example.Certainly, in addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment, all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
At technical solution, all fall within invention which is intended to be protected.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of desert surface seismic data handles floating datum method for building up characterized by comprising
According to the longitude and latitude distribution of the target area of seism processing, the corresponding remote sensing survey in the target area is obtained
Data；
The remote sensing survey data are subjected to origin coordinate system transform processing, plane coordinate system is converted to by latitude and longitude coordinates system
System；
Using the remote sensing survey data under the plane coordinates system, scale is carried out to the sand dune for being higher than certain height and is smoothly located
Reason, establishes earth's surface elevation floating datum；
Wherein, the described pair of sand dune for being higher than certain height carries out scale smoothing processing specifically: by the arrangement of seismic data acquisition
Length or arrangement piece width cut to the sand dune for being higher than certain height and cut processing as smooth scale operator.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein being surveyed in the remote sensing using under the plane coordinates system
Data are measured, scale smoothing processing is carried out to the sand dune for being higher than certain height, is established after earth's surface elevation floating datum, the side
Method further include:
CMP face element altitude data will be inserted as in the altitude data of the earth's surface elevation floating datum, and the CMP face element is high
Number of passes evidence saves as the data format supported in seismic data processing system.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that successive ignition is carried out to the scale smoothing processing, from
And obtain the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of scale.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, obtaining the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of scale described
Later, the method also includes: in conjunction near surface structure survey data to the smooth earth's surface elevation floating datum of the scale into
Row correction.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the near surface structure survey data further comprises: small
Refraction data, micro logging data and standing level measurement data.
6. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described that the remote sensing survey data are carried out coordinate system
It unites conversion process, the step of being converted to plane coordinates system by latitude and longitude coordinates system specifically includes: being thrown using Gauss-Ke Lvge
The remote sensing survey data are carried out origin coordinate system transform processing by image method, are converted to plane coordinate system by latitude and longitude coordinates system
System.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the plane coordinates system further comprises: WGS84 or
BJ1954 plane coordinates system.
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| CN112099089B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2021-08-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Mountain seismic data static correction value calculation method based on floating datum plane |
| CN113050156A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Desert area seismic acquisition wave detection point optimization method and device |
| CN113514887B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining seismic data common center point reference plane in loess mountain area |
| CN113721297B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2024-02-20 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Method for suppressing sand hill ringing by utilizing speed characteristics |
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| CN102798376A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-11-28 | 暴景阳 | Land-sea height datum unification technology |
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| US20050256648A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | West Michael P | Velocity determination of the near-surface layers in the earth using exploration 2D or 3D seismic data |
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