CN107831177A - A kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil - Google Patents
A kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831177A CN107831177A CN201710805753.3A CN201710805753A CN107831177A CN 107831177 A CN107831177 A CN 107831177A CN 201710805753 A CN201710805753 A CN 201710805753A CN 107831177 A CN107831177 A CN 107831177A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil, it is related to Soil K+adsorption technical field.The inventive method is to use centre frequency to be measured for 250MHz model pulse EKKO GPRs to soil moisture and salt content.The inventive method is simple to operate, and cost is low, and the degree of accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water content and salination in Soil Testing, more particularly to a kind of measure coast saline soil
The method of degree.
Background technology
Yellow River Delta Coastal Saline Soil Area is the important reserve land resources in China, and " Bohai Sea silo " scientific and technological engineering
One of study base.The regional soil profile pattern is various, and Spatial-Temporal Variability is strong, and soil water and salt transport process is complicated.Regulation and control
Soil salt is the most important content of beach salty soil improvement and agricultural use, and the Quantitative Monitoring of soil water-stable aggregates is water salt dynamic
The premise of migration research.
Conventional soil water-stable aggregates content assaying method has oven drying method, sensor method (such as TDR, FDR), Remote Spectra inverting
Method etc.., can be high with real-time automatic measuring soil moisture, salinity, measurement result accuracy by being layered embedded sensor.But dry
Time-consuming for dry method, more, soil of taking a lot of work destroys badly greatly；The simply point position data of sensor measure, if embedded probe quantity is more,
Observation will greatly improve with maintenance cost.And the Spatial Variability of coast saline soil water salt is stronger, in mesoscale (100m2)
METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION still has certain technology barrier.
Therefore, it is necessary to study it is a kind of can accurately it is convenient determine coast saline soil in the side of water content and degree of salinity
Method, and it is easy to operate.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the invention provide one kind to determine water content and degree of salinity in coast saline soil
Method, main purpose is that continuous mode is simple and direct, and measurement result is accurate.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, invention broadly provides following technical scheme：
On the one hand, water content and degree of salinity in coast saline soil are determined the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of
Method, methods described are determined using GPR.
Preferably, the centre frequency of the GPR is 250MHz, the model pulse of the GPR
EKKO。
Preferably, it the described method comprises the following steps：
Radar surveying is carried out along the long side direction for treating geodesic block using constant spacing method, wherein, set inside radar antenna
Spacing, outside spacing, when window set and level sampling spacing distance；
Treat to carry out radar surveying at geodesic block center described using CMP method, wherein, measurement step pitch and thunder are set
The distance moved every time up to antenna；
Original the reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image and original amplitude time shadow of geodesic block are treated described in measurement acquisition more than
Picture；
By to the reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image for treating geodesic block, amplitude time image, electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed
Degree and actual amplitude analysis, obtain the moisture and degree of salinity for treating geodesic block.
Preferably, using EKKO-Project softwares to the original reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image for treating geodesic block and
Original amplitude time image carries out the processing of gain declining profit to distinguish well-defined horizons, obtain clearly reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image,
Amplitude time image, electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed and actual amplitude, then carry out moisture and degree of salinity back analysis.
Preferably, the two way travel time T of the back wave at the underground horizontal interface for treating geodesic block is：
T2=X2/v2+D2/v2,
Wherein, X is the distance between transmitting radar antenna and reception antenna, and D is the depth for treating geodesic block, and v is institute
State electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed.
Preferably, it is described treat geodesic block permittivity ε be：
ε≈(c/v)2,
Wherein, c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, is 3.0 × 108M/s, v are the electromagnetic wave actual propagation
Speed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention is for conventional soil water-stable aggregates content drying determination method, sensor method (such as TDR, FDR), Remote Spectra
The complex operation of the appearance such as the method for inversion, it is costly the shortcomings of, employ GPR measure soil moisture content and salination
The technological means of degree, reach and save cost and time, simple to operation, the accurate purpose of measurement result.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the wave spectrum striograph under same soil profile configuration before provided in an embodiment of the present invention plus water；
Fig. 2 is the wave spectrum striograph of the soil profile of different depth after provided in an embodiment of the present invention plus water；
Fig. 3 is soil salt and electromagnetic wave amplitude provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the graph of a relation of frequency；
Fig. 4 is the wave spectrum striograph of the speed of extraction surface wave and superficial reflex ripple provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is radar return inverting soil volumetric water content provided in an embodiment of the present invention and observed watercut relation
Figure；
Fig. 6 is the fitting result comparison diagram of GPR differences inverse model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be further illustrate the present invention to reach the technological means and effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below with compared with
Good embodiment, to embodiment, technical scheme, feature and its effect according to the present patent application, describe in detail as after.Under
State it is bright in multiple embodiments in special characteristic, structure or feature can be combined by any suitable form.
Embodiment 1
Artificial constructed typical soil model：According to soil profile soil configuration and degree of salinity on the spot, make typically
A width of 1m is grown in block, plot, and plot depth is 110cm, according to local precipitation and duty, adds moisture, increases water every time
2mm is measured, at interval of 30min (supplying an Infiltration) water of increase, corresponding each plot addition water is 2L, increase water to spy
Ground radar signal decays are strong, can not penetrate untill；GPR is carried out before moisture addition and respectively after the addition of each moisture (visit ground
Radar) measure and sample；Wherein, above-mentioned sample mode samples for earth boring auger, is layered at interval of 20cm and collects 0-60cm pedotheques,
I.e. sample length is respectively 20cm, 40cm, 60cm；Soil mould is obtained respectively to actually treating that geodesic block carries out the sampling of the same manner
Type and the sample for actually treating geodesic block；
Soil model is determined using oven drying method and actually treats the moisture of geodesic block；By soil ratio 5：1 ratio extraction
Leaching liquor, determine soil model using U.S.'s Hash company HQ30d digital assays instrument and actually treat the electrical conductivity of geodesic block；Make
Soil model is carried out with the laser diffraction particle size analyzers of Malvern Instr Ltd. Mastersizer 3000 and reality is to be measured
Plot grain diameter measurement, soil particle diameter have reacted its relation between radar reflection wave spectrum；
GPR determines concrete operation step：The measurement of spacing method method is fixed along the long side direction in each plot, antenna is set
Internal spacing is 0.38m, and outside spacing is 0, when window be arranged to 76ns, level sampling interval 0.04m；At each plot center
The measurement of CMP (CMP) method of progress, step pitch are arranged to 0.2m, and antenna moves 0.1m every time, in EKKO-Project softwares
Handled by gain declining profit and distinguish stratigraphic boundary, obtain velocity of electromagnetic wave v, amplitude f, obtained reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image and shake
Width time image；
The two way travel time T of the back wave at the underground horizontal interface in plot：T2=X2/v2+D2/v2, wherein, X sends out for radar
The distance between antenna and reception antenna are penetrated, D is the depth in plot, and v is above-mentioned electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed；Ground direct wave
Back wave during D=0 can be regarded as, when stratum velocity of electromagnetic wave is constant, T is linear with X, i.e., Fig. 3 cathetus is oblique
Rate is the speed of surface wave；Button (hyperbola velocity are demarcated by the hyperbolic velocity in LineView softwares
Calibration button) extraction surface wave and superficial reflex ripple speed, adjust hyperbolic by pulling hyp tail
After the shape of line matches with radar waveform, software calculates the average speed of soil layer on reflecting interface automatically.
The permittivity ε in plot is：ε≈(c/v)2, wherein, c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, be 3.0 ×
108m/s, v are the GPR ground velocity of wave propagation (mns of extraction-1)；Determine to obtain the Hes of ε 1 of soil model using the above method
Actually treat the ε 2 of geodesic block；
By to above-mentioned soil model and above-mentioned reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image, amplitude time image, the electricity for treating geodesic block
Magnetic wave actual propagation speed (see Fig. 3) and actual amplitude analysis, obtain above-mentioned soil model and contain with the above-mentioned moisture for treating geodesic block
Amount and salt content；
Moisture inverse model is built by the soil dielectric constant of above-mentioned acquisition：
θ=- 5.3 × 10-2+2.92×10-2ε-5.5×10-4,
Wherein, ε is soil dielectric constant, and θ is soil moisture content, the soil moisture content and adopt that contrast is determined using oven drying method
With the soil moisture content of GPR measure dielectric constant inverting：By above-mentioned formula obtain above-mentioned soil model with it is above-mentioned to be measured
The water content in plot.
It is salinity to choose salinity Conductivity formula Y=0.402EC+0.142, Y, and EC is electrical conductivity, coefficient correlation after adjustment
For 0.98423, regression equation and regression coefficient level of significance test are higher.Measure non-saline soil 1, non-saline soil 2, light
The electrical conductivity for spending saline soil and clay is respectively 0.635mS/cm, 1.439mS/cm, 2.448mS/cm and 2.207mS/cm.Build
Vertical salt marsh degree amplitude peak frequency diversity table, as shown in table 1.Soil salt can be drawn by radar electromagnetic wave amplitude image peak value
Stain degree.
The soil salinity of table 1. and amplitude peak frequency diversity table
| Non- salination | Slight salination | Moderate salination | Severe salination | Salination | |
| Salinity (g/kg) | <1 | 1-2 | 2-4 | 4-6 | >6 |
| EC(mS/cm) | <2.13 | 2.13-4.62 | 4.62-9.6 | 9.6-14.57 | >14.57 |
| Crest frequency 1 (MHz) | 220-240 | 200-220 | 190-200 | 180-190 | 170-180 |
| Crest frequency 2 (MHz) | 300-340 | 340-380 | 380-420 | 420-460 | 460-500 |
| Crest frequency 3 (MHz) | 640-660 | 660-670 | 670-680 | 680-690 | 690-700 |
Regression analysis, it is independent variable, actual measurement with propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave (m/ns) using " curve matching " of SPSS flexible cords
Mass water content of soil (g/kg) is dependent variable, builds linear model, logarithmic model, reciprocal model, secondary model, three times respectively
Model, composite model, power model, S models, model of growth and exponential model, as shown in table 1 and Fig. 6.Wherein, logarithmic model, two
The model accuracy of secondary model and linear model is higher.
The soil moisture content inverse model of table 2. builds result table
As shown in figure 1, to add the wave spectrum image before water under same soil profile configuration, the part between 60-110cm, on
Substantially lack a reflectance spectrum in viscous lower sand mold saline soil model, this is primarily due to soil salt and causes GPR signals
Caused by decay.It follows that soil salt accelerates Gpr Signal decay.
As shown in Fig. 2 GPR investigation depths drop to 110cm from 50cm, subsoil signal is got over soil moisture increase
Come weaker.The amplitude of electromagnetic wave is embodied on the fineness of reflection configuration, more and more thinner with the increase of soil moisture content, more
Come weaker.It follows that soil water content is higher, ground penetrating radar detection depth is more shallow, and signal attenuation is stronger.
As shown in figure 4,250MHz antennas GPR can clearly identify air wave, surface wave and back wave, due to earth's surface farming
Soil layer is loose, visible significant refractive air ripple between air wave and surface wave；As antenna spacing increases, ground wave attenuation adds
It hurry up, antenna spacing is more than after 2m, and surface wave signal is significantly less intensive；Soil layer reflected signal in 1m depth is notable, with detection
Depth increase, reflection wave attenuation are accelerated, and after two way travel time is more than 30ns, GPR is difficult to clearly identify soil layer.Pass through LineView
In software hyperbolic velocity demarcation button (hyperbola velocity calibration button) extraction surface wave and
The speed of superficial reflex ripple, adjusted by pulling hyp tail after hyp shape matches with radar waveform, software
The automatic average speed for calculating soil layer on reflecting interface.
As shown in figure 3, electromagnetic wave amplitude has 3 peak values, respectively appear in frequency 200MHz or so, 300-500MHz it
Between, 690MHz or so, soil salt content is higher, and the multi-peaks phenomenon of high-frequency domain section is weaker.It follows that the height of soil salt
Directly affect the number and phase of amplitude peak appearance.
As shown in figure 5, the soil volumetric water content of mass water content of soil and the GPR invertings of oven drying method actual measurement is carried out pair
Than analysis, if obvious correlation and less numerical value difference be present in both, then it represents that GPR, which determines Soil reference materials, is
Feasible.
As shown in fig. 6, with propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave (m/ns) be independent variable, actual measurement mass water content of soil (g/kg) be because
Variable, linear model, logarithmic model, reciprocal model, three times secondary model, model, composite model, power model, S moulds are built respectively
Type, model of growth and exponential model, wherein, the model accuracy of logarithmic model, secondary model and linear model is higher.
Analytic explanation is carried out to content shown in Fig. 4：Influence of the soil salt to electromagnetic wave signal is very notable.Soil salt
Content is higher, and electromagnetic wave amplitude can be worth lower, and soil dissoluble is the main reason for amplitude can be worth reduction with causing exposed soil；
Soil salt content rise causes the reduction of the amplitude strong attenuation and peak number of high-frequency domain section, frequency corresponding to amplitude peak
Domain position changes, and showing as frequency corresponding to first peak value reduces, and latter two peak value especially second peak value is corresponding
Frequency rise.
The coefficient correlation of GPR invertings volumetric(al) moisture content and oven drying method mass water content is up to more than 0.8, averagely inversion error
For 0.012m3·m-3.Surface soil salinity content is higher, and surface wave signal attenuation is stronger, the degree of accuracy of GPR inverting water content
It is lower；Topsoil disturbance is bigger, and surface wave signal extraction error is bigger, and the accuracy of GPR inverting water content is lower.
Spread speed of the electromagnetic wave in stratified soil is independent variable, actual measurement mass water content of soil is dependent variable, structure
Obtain local suitable soil moisture content inverse model.Wherein, it is accurate with the model of logarithmic model, secondary model and linear model
Spend higher, R after adjustment20.7 or so.
Disclosed above is only the embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is appointed
What those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, all should
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should using above-mentioned scope of the claims as
It is accurate.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil, it is characterised in that methods described is
Determined using GPR.
2. the method for water content and degree of salinity in a kind of measure coast saline soil according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the centre frequency of the GPR is 250MHz, the model pulse EKKO of the GPR.
3. the method for water content and degree of salinity in a kind of measure coast saline soil according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the described method comprises the following steps：
Radar surveying is carried out along the long side direction for treating geodesic block using constant spacing method, wherein, setting radar antenna inside spacing,
Outside spacing, when window set and level sampling spacing distance；
Treat to carry out radar surveying at geodesic block center described using CMP method, wherein, measurement step pitch and radar day are set
The distance that line moves every time；
Original the reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image and original amplitude time image of geodesic block are treated described in measurement acquisition more than；
By to the reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image for treating geodesic block, amplitude time image, electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed and
Actual amplitude is analyzed, and obtains the moisture and degree of salinity for treating geodesic block.
4. the method for water content and degree of salinity in a kind of measure coast saline soil according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, using EKKO-Project softwares to the original reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image and original amplitude for treating geodesic block
Time image carries out the processing of gain declining profit to distinguish well-defined horizons, obtains clearly reflection of electromagnetic wave wave spectrum image, amplitude time
Image, electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed and actual amplitude, then carry out moisture and degree of salinity back analysis.
5. the method for water content and degree of salinity in a kind of measure coast saline soil according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the two way travel time T of the back wave at the underground horizontal interface for treating geodesic block is：
T2=X2/v2+D2/v2,
Wherein, X is the distance between transmitting radar antenna and reception antenna, and D is the depth for treating geodesic block, and v is the electricity
Magnetic wave actual propagation speed.
6. the method for water content and degree of salinity in a kind of measure coast saline soil according to claim 1, its
Be characterised by, it is described treat geodesic block permittivity ε be：
ε≈(c/v)2,
Wherein, c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, is 3.0 × 108M/s, v are the electromagnetic wave actual propagation speed.
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| CN111879915A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-03 | 北京师范大学 | High-resolution monthly soil salinity monitoring method and system for coastal wetland |
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Application publication date: 20180323 |