CN107014835A - Beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave - Google Patents
Beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN107014835A CN107014835A CN201710311768.4A CN201710311768A CN107014835A CN 107014835 A CN107014835 A CN 107014835A CN 201710311768 A CN201710311768 A CN 201710311768A CN 107014835 A CN107014835 A CN 107014835A
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- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave, this method comprises the following steps：The pulseEKKO PRO series GPR main frames and 250MHz screened shielded antannas produced using Canadian detector and software company, data acquisition software is DVL Firmware；The processing of FO methods measurement result；The processing of CMP methods measurement result；Extract radar wave speed；Calculate soil dielectric constant；Choose soil moisture content inverse model；Evaluate inverting accuracy.The characteristics of this method has with low cost, destructive small, is adapted to popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil moisture technique for investigation field, specifically, it is related to a kind of based on GPR back wave
Beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method.
Background technology
Huanghe delta spring and autumn arid short of rain, evaporation are strong；Groundwater buried depth is shallow, salinity is high, and soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon is bright
It is aobvious.Soluble organic fraction monitors soil water dynamics with soil moisture vertical migration, in this area and crop growth is sent out
Educate, Soil Salinization Development it is particularly significant.
Soil moisture remote sensing investigation sets up the mathematical modeling of surface soil water and reflectance spectrum, can only estimate top layer 0.05
The soil moisture content of~0.1m depth, is influenceed also larger by vegetative coverage.Conventional oven drying method, time-domain reflectomer method etc., all
It is the moisture distribution that soil profile and the three-dimensional soil body are predicted by a position information gathering, cost is high, and soil texture is destroyed unavoidably.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect present in prior art there is provided a kind of based on GPR back wave
Beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method, the characteristics of this method has with low cost, destructive small is adapted to popularization and application.
Its concrete technical scheme is：
A kind of beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the pulseEKKO PRO series GPR main frames produced using Canadian detector and software company and
250MHz screened shielded antannas, data acquisition software is DVL Firmware.
Along each plot long side direction carry out FO method measurements, inner antenna spacing be 0.38m, outside spacing be 0, when window
It is set to 76ns, level sampling interval 0.04m；CMP method measurements are carried out in each plot center, step pitch is set to 0.2m, i.e.,
Each antenna moves 0.1m every time；
Step 2, FO method measurement result process steps mainly include：Basic filtering process, air wave correction and signal gain；
CMP method measurement result process steps mainly include：Basic filtering process and automatic growth control；Window is set during gain
For 1, maxgain value is set to 5000；
Step 3, extraction radar wave speed
The two way travel time T of the back wave at underground horizontal interface, then have
In formula：X is the distance between transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and D is the depth of reflecting interface, and v is the biography of electromagnetic wave
Speed is broadcast, ground direct wave regards back wave during D=0 as, button is demarcated by the hyperbolic velocity in LineView softwares
The speed of surface wave and superficial reflex ripple is extracted, hyp shape and radar waveform phase are adjusted by pulling hyp tail
After matching, software calculates the average speed of soil layer on reflecting interface automatically；
Step 4, calculating soil dielectric constant.Using the estimation equation of most of soils less salt permittivity ε：
In formula, c is the spread speed m ns of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum-1, v is that the GPR surface waves/back wave extracted propagates speed
Spend m ns-1；
Step 5, selection soil moisture content inverse model
Principal mode be divided into θ~ε andTwo kinds；
Step 6, evaluation inverting accuracy.
Further, exponential backoff gain method is chosen in step 2, gain range is 10-1000, and attenuation coefficient is 32.
Further, θ~ε empirical models have Topp models, Roth models and Zhu Anning moisture soils θ~ε Empirical Modes in step 5
Type；ChooseEmpirical model has Alharathi models, Ferr é models, huge the last million model and Zhu Anning moisture soils
Model.
Further, the inverting accuracy of standard errors for assessment model is used in step 6；
In formula：θ is the volumetric(al) moisture content result of GPR invertings, m3m-3；For being averaged for GPR inverting volumetric(al) moisture content results
Value, m3m-3；N is Experimental comparison's number, and SD values are smaller, and model inversion accuracy is higher.
FO methods are combined measurement with CMP methods in step 1, improve surface wave, the degree of accuracy of superficial reflex ripple signal extraction.
FO methods result treatment chooses exponential backoff gain method in step 2, and gain range is 10-1000, and attenuation coefficient is 32；
Window is set to 1 during CMP method result treatment gains, and maxgain value is set to 5000.
The inverting accuracy of standard errors for assessment model is used in step 6, the suitability of Topp models and Roth models is drawn
Preferably.
The plot (Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 6, No. 17 plot) larger to upper soll layer salinity, the inverting degree of accuracy of superficial reflex ripple is above Ground
Face ripple.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention is during concrete application, and GPR can integrate a variety of detection methods, utilize surface wave or reflection
The spread speed of ripple calculates soil relative dielectric constant, then substitutes into soil dielectric constant and soil is estimated in experience semiempirical formula
Earth water content.The effect of GPR reflection wave signal inverting 0-30cm soil moisture contents is preferable, particularly with topsoil salt
Divide higher plot, reflection wave signal inversion result is better than surface wave.Wherein, the suitability of Topp models and Roth models is most
It is good.The characteristics of this method has with low cost, destructive small, is adapted to popularization and application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wave spectrogram picture (left side that GPR measures soil profile：FO methods, it is right：CMP methods), wherein, Fig. 1 a are bare land, figure
1b is the good plot of wheat growing way；
Fig. 2 is GPR superficial reflex ripple inverting soil volumetric water contents.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in more detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave, comprises the following steps：
(1) the pulseEKKO PRO series GPR main frames and 250MHz produced using Canadian detector with software company
Screened shielded antanna, data acquisition software is DVL Firmware.
Along each plot long side direction carry out FO method measurements, inner antenna spacing be 0.38m, outside spacing be 0, when window
It is set to 76ns, level sampling interval 0.04m；CMP method measurements are carried out in each plot center, step pitch is set to 0.2m, i.e.,
Each antenna moves 0.1m every time.
(2) FO methods measurement result process step mainly includes：Basic filtering process, air wave correction and signal gain.Choosing
Fetching number compensating gain method, gain range is 10-1000, and attenuation coefficient is 32.
CMP method measurement result process steps mainly include：Basic filtering process and automatic growth control.Window is set during gain
For 1, maxgain value is set to 5000.
(3) radar wave speed is extracted.The two way travel time T of the back wave at underground horizontal interface, then have
In formula：X is the distance between transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and D is the depth of reflecting interface, and v is the biography of electromagnetic wave
Broadcast speed.Ground direct wave can regard back wave during D=0 as.Pressed by the hyperbolic velocity demarcation in LineView softwares
Button extracts the speed of surface wave and superficial reflex ripple, and hyp shape and radar waveform are adjusted by pulling hyp tail
After matching, software calculates the average speed of soil layer on reflecting interface automatically.
(4) soil dielectric constant is calculated.Using the estimation equation of most of soils (less salt) permittivity ε：
In formula, c is spread speed (the 0.3m ns of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum-1), v is the GPR surface waves/back wave extracted
Spread speed (m ns-1)。
(5) soil moisture content inverse model is chosen.Principal mode be divided into θ~ε andTwo kinds：θ~ε empirical models have
Topp models, Roth models and Zhu Anning moisture soils θ~ε empirical models；ChooseEmpirical model has Alharathi moulds
Type, Ferr é models, huge the last million model and Zhu Anning moisture soilsModel.
(6) inverting accuracy is evaluated.Inverting using standard deviation (SD, standard deviation) evaluation model is accurate
Degree.
In formula：θ is the volumetric(al) moisture content result of GPR invertings, m3m-3；For being averaged for GPR inverting volumetric(al) moisture content results
Value, m3m-3；N is Experimental comparison's number.SD values are smaller, and model inversion accuracy is higher.
The radar image that profile method and CMP method measurement are obtained mutually compares, verified that analysis GPR signals are to soil
The response characteristic of section characteristic variation layering, identification air wave, surface wave and back wave.Fig. 1 lists bare land and wheat is long
The radar image in the good plot of gesture.
The mass water content of soil that oven drying method is surveyed and the soil volumetric water content of superficial reflex velocity of wave propagation inverting
Contrasted (see Fig. 2), the inverting that analysis GPR superficial reflexs ripple determines the feasibility and 11 empirical equations of soil moisture content is accurate
Exactness.1st, 4,6,10, in 14 and No. 17 plot, preferably, inverting numerical value and soil volumetric water content are pre- for the efficiency of inverse process of each formula
Meter result is sufficiently close to；And 2,8,9,11, in 15 and No. 16 plot, the inverting numerical value and soil volumetric water content of each formula are estimated
As a result differ larger, this shows, upper soll layer disturbs situation influences serious to inversion result, and topsoil farming causes back wave
The error of signal extraction is larger.The inversion result of each empirical model is contrasted, the suitability of Topp models and Roth models is preferable,
Zhu Anning flour sands stick θ~ε empirical models of moisture soil, θ~ε models of Zhu Anning sandy loam moisture soils andThe suitability of model
Poor, the inversion result of remaining model is moderate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention not limited to this, any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical scheme that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method based on GPR back wave, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
Step 1, the pulseEKKO PRO series GPR main frames and 250MHz produced using Canadian detector and software company
Screened shielded antanna, data acquisition software is DVL Firmware；
Along each plot long side direction carry out FO method measurements, inner antenna spacing be 0.38m, outside spacing be 0, when window set
For 76ns, level sampling interval 0.04m；CMP method measurements are carried out in each plot center, step pitch is set to 0.2m, i.e., each day
Line moves 0.1m every time；
Step 2, FO method measurement result process steps mainly include：Basic filtering process, air wave correction and signal gain；
CMP method measurement result process steps mainly include：Basic filtering process and automatic growth control；Window is set to 1 during gain,
Maxgain value is set to 5000；
Step 3, extraction radar wave speed
The two way travel time T of the back wave at underground horizontal interface, then have
In formula：X is the distance between transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and D is the depth of reflecting interface, and v is electromagnetic wave propagation speed
Degree, ground direct wave regards back wave during D=0 as, demarcates button by the hyperbolic velocity in LineView softwares and extracts
The speed of surface wave and superficial reflex ripple, is matched by pulling the hyp shape of hyp tail adjustment with radar waveform
Afterwards, software calculates the average speed of soil layer on reflecting interface automatically；
Step 4, calculating soil dielectric constant.Using the estimation equation of most of soils less salt permittivity ε：
In formula, c is the spread speed m ns of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum-1, v is the GPR surface waves/reflection velocity of wave propagation m extracted
ns-1；
Step 5, selection soil moisture content inverse model
Principal mode be divided into θ~ε andTwo kinds；
Step 6, evaluation inverting accuracy.
2. the beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method according to claim 1 based on GPR back wave, its
It is characterised by, exponential backoff gain method is chosen in step 2, gain range is 10-1000, and attenuation coefficient is 32.
3. the beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method according to claim 1 based on GPR back wave, its
It is characterised by, θ~ε empirical models have Topp models, Roth models and Zhu Anning moisture soils θ~ε empirical models in step 5；Choose
'sEmpirical model has Alharathi models, Ferr é models, huge the last million model and Zhu Anning moisture soilsModel.
4. the beach salty soil top layer moisture determination method according to claim 1 based on GPR back wave, its
It is characterised by, the inverting accuracy of standard errors for assessment model is used in step 6；
In formula：θ is the volumetric(al) moisture content result of GPR invertings, m3m-3；For the average value of GPR inverting volumetric(al) moisture content results, m3m-3；N is Experimental comparison's number, and SD values are smaller, and model inversion accuracy is higher.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107727016A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 山东农业大学 | The detection method of Soil N-application under a kind of drip irrigation irrigation method |
| CN107831177A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-03-23 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil |
| CN108333096A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-07-27 | 东南大学 | A kind of asphalt concrete pavement porosity detection method based on Ground Penetrating Radar |
| CN108387893A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-10 | 曲阜师范大学 | A kind of extracting method of Ground Penetrating Radar propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave |
| CN111141764A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-12 | 上海市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Ground penetrating radar detection device and method for external thermal insulation system |
| CN111880176A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for measuring soil water content of coal gangue filling reclamation land |
| CN111929678A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-13 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for measuring water content of shallow surface soil |
| CN113740354A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司枣泉煤矿 | Method for detecting soil moisture content of coal gangue reclamation farm |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107831177A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-03-23 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method of water content and degree of salinity in measure coast saline soil |
| CN107727016A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-23 | 山东农业大学 | The detection method of Soil N-application under a kind of drip irrigation irrigation method |
| CN108387893A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-10 | 曲阜师范大学 | A kind of extracting method of Ground Penetrating Radar propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave |
| CN108333096A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-07-27 | 东南大学 | A kind of asphalt concrete pavement porosity detection method based on Ground Penetrating Radar |
| CN111141764A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-12 | 上海市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Ground penetrating radar detection device and method for external thermal insulation system |
| CN111880176A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for measuring soil water content of coal gangue filling reclamation land |
| CN111929678A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-13 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for measuring water content of shallow surface soil |
| CN113740354A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司枣泉煤矿 | Method for detecting soil moisture content of coal gangue reclamation farm |
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