CN107829406A - Hydraulic structure composite anti-penetrating system and the method for forming system - Google Patents
Hydraulic structure composite anti-penetrating system and the method for forming system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107829406A CN107829406A CN201711249403.XA CN201711249403A CN107829406A CN 107829406 A CN107829406 A CN 107829406A CN 201711249403 A CN201711249403 A CN 201711249403A CN 107829406 A CN107829406 A CN 107829406A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/02—Polyureas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/002—Priming paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/34—Filling pastes
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of composite anti-penetrating system, is sequentially formed on hydraulic structure concrete surface including prime coat and film waterproof material；Wherein, prime coat includes first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second coating；First coating is humidity or the epoxy primer of dry concrete surface；Second coating is polyurethane primer；Film waterproof material is macromolecular elastomer material.Separately there is a silicon sand layer between first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second coating, and/or, separately there is a top coat layer on film waterproof material.The present invention also provides a kind of antiseepage of concrete surface, means of defence.Composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention and the adhesion of concrete surface are strong, elastic good, impact-resisting wear-resisting, can adapt to hydraulic structure (including：Dam, water-conveyance tunnel, box culvert, channel, pipeline) humidity, the construction environment of low temperature and long-term bubble, the use environment that high-velocity flow washes away, do not soften, do not fall off, it is safe and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering field, be related to it is a kind of be used for hydraulic structure (including：Dam, channel, pipeline, tunnel
Hole, box culvert etc.) concrete protection antiseepage system and form system method and material, and in particular to a kind of composite anti-penetrating system and
Form system method.
Background technology
Water conservancy structure includes dam, water-conveyance tunnel, aqueduct, channel, pipeline etc., and its main body is by concrete material
Form, concrete has abundant raw material, cheap, and the characteristics of simple production process, while concrete also has compression strength
Height, good endurance, the features such as strength grade scope is wide.But people have found in the research to concrete structure durability：
The defects of construction joint face and structural joint face and concrete surface crack is that influence hydraulic structure is resistance to as the main thoroughfare of infiltration
The key factor of long property.These positions are under the influence of the factor such as temperature stress and environment, often as cracking resistance, antiskid and anti-
Ooze, the weak link of freeze proof evil, stabilization, safety to total etc. it is most important.The leakage preventing structure of traditional hydraulic structure
It is using cement mortar or impervious good concrete, prefabricated leakage preventing structure etc., this structure corrosion resistance and cracking resistance mostly
Performance is all limited, especially because the reason such as construction quality and operation maintenance may produce crack, it will break to some extent
Its bad antiseepage function；Moreover traditional leakage preventing structure, it can also influence speed of application.Therefore concrete structures antiseepage problem is one
Individual very prominent and urgent problem to be solved.In addition, high-velocity sediment-laden flow rushes mill to hydraulic structure excessively stream surface concrete
Destruction is construction of hydropower plant and operating knotty problem.High-velocity ＆ sediment-laden flow is formed to hydraulic concrete buildings flow-passing surface
Powerful erosive wear, cavitation corrosion effect, are the water conservancy project aerial drainage building such as common diseases such as overfall dam, flood discharging tunnel (groove), sluice gate
Evil, therefore always attention.
But the domestic protection seepage prevention system in China is uneven, with the protection impervious body applied in non-field of water conservancy
System's proportioning enters Water Resources Domain, in practice it has proved that a large amount of problems occurs.Due to anti-in non-field of water conservancy, such as by protection
For impregnation coating coated on stadiums, civil buildings, the time washed away of its contact water is very of short duration, is not shown too using upper
Big problem, and in field of water conservancy will protection impregnation coating coated on hydraulic concrete building (including dam, box culvert,
Channel, pipeline, tunnel), and hydraulic structure will be through long-term bubble, water scouring force is big, the inadaptable moist, low temperature of traditional system
Construction environment and the use environment washed away of long-term water logging, high-velocity flow, be bonded at all by certain time operation seepage prevention system
Incessantly, after water immersion is washed away, it may occur that the situation (such as Fig. 8 A-D) that impervious material large area is peeled off, threaten hydraulic structure
Durability and safety coefficient.
Therefore, it is badly in need of studying field of water conservancy protection seepage prevention system, it is moist, low that proposition is adapted to hydraulic engineering
The supporting seepage prevention system for the use environment requirement that the construction environment of temperature and resistance to long-term water immersion, high-velocity flow are washed away.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of composite anti-penetrating body suitable for hydraulic structure
System, the adhesion of the system and hydraulic structure is strong, elastic good, impact-resisting wear-resisting, can adapt to moist, low temperature construction environment and
The long-term bubble of hydraulic structure, the use environment that high-velocity flow washes away, does not soften, does not fall off, safe and environment-friendly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of antiseepage on hydraulic structure concrete surface, anti-corrosion, frost damage prevention, anti-
Wear-resisting method is rushed, this method is used so that the binding ability of each coating and concrete interface is strong, can adapt to hydraulic structure
(including dam, box culvert, channel, pipeline, tunnel) long-term bubble, the environment that high-velocity flow washes away.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of composite anti-penetrating system, including prime coat and film waterproof material；
Wherein, prime coat includes first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second coating；
First coating is humidity or the epoxy primer of dry concrete surface；
Second coating is polyurethane primer；
Film waterproof material is macromolecular elastomer material.
Coating epoxy putty, which is mainly used for part hydraulic structure concrete surface, bigger surface defect, such as deposits
The surface irregularity caused by the factors such as hole, stripping, improve the bumps of concrete surface by coating epoxy putty coating
Situation, can be after brushing first layer priming paint, then to defect topical application epoxy putty (all or local) leveling concretes；Or
Directly the first prime coat is substituted using epoxy putty.
Further, separately there is a silicon sand layer between first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second coating, the silica sand
20~50 mesh silica sands of layer choosing；And/or separately there is a top coat layer on film waterproof material.
Preferably, the top coat layer presses 4 by finish paint component A and finish paint B component：3 mix；
Wherein, wherein, finish paint component A is that PTMG1000 and solvent propene carbonate are pressed by hydrogenating MDI by weight
100 parts, 100 parts, 40 parts of ratio mixes；
Finish paint B component be by weight by polyaspartic ester resin chain extender and solvent propene carbonate by 150 parts,
30 parts of ratio mixes.
Silicon sand layer is being added to composite anti-penetrating system under having the resistant abrasion environment such as high-velocity flow, under the use condition of sandstone,
Mainly impact-resisting wear-resisting shear bond power is provided for composite anti-penetrating system.
Finish paint is using flexible, and the strong aliphatic material of uviolresistance, being primarily adapted for use in exposed type (has the ground of light
Just) the uvioresistant protection of the polyureas base coating surface of elastomer in location, the resistance to ag(e)ing of polyureas based elastomeric material can be improved
Can, do not have antiseepage effect.
Preferably, the epoxy primer is made up of epoxy primer component A and epoxy primer B component, wherein epoxy primer A groups
It is divided into dopamine modified epoxy matrix resin, epoxy primer B component is by bulk cured dose of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, boundary
Face agent, accelerator, defoamer, levelling wetting agent, antioxidant, colouring agent composition；
When concrete surface water content is not more than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy main body
100 parts of resin, bulk cured dose 50 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, defoamer
0.5 part, 0.5 part of levelling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
When concrete surface water content is higher than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy main body tree
100 parts of fat, bulk cured dose 15 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, defoamer 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of levelling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
The model KH550 of the interfacial agents, accelerator model AH, defoamer model BYK530, the type of levelling agent
Number be BYK525, antioxidant model 1010, colouring agent be coloring mill base；
Described epoxy putty is by epoxy primer and filler according to 2:1 is formulated, and wherein filler is aerosil.
Preferably, the polyurethane primer is mono-component polyurethane priming paint or bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint；
Wherein, mono-component polyurethane priming paint is by weight 7 by thick MDI and PTMG1000：The isocyanide of 11 ratio synthesis
Acid esters performed polymer；
Bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint is 3 by weight proportion by epoxide modified polyethers and Isocyanate prepolymers body:1
Mix.
One pack system urethane priming paint is when in use one-component due to having carried out pre-polymerization in advance；Two component polyurethane
Priming paint then carries out two component mixed preparings for scene when in use.
There is the characteristics of NCO content is high using mono-component polyurethane priming paint in the present invention, high NCO content can improve and ring
The cementability of oxygen priming paint, and use bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint, it is possible to increase the cementability with epoxy primer.
Preferably, the macromolecular elastomer material is polyureas elastomeric material (urea bond：NHCONH), polyurethanes bullet
Elastomer material (ammonia ester bond：NHCOO), acrylic resin, rubber tree lipid, epoxy resin, polyester resin or high polymer
Mortar class material.
Wherein described polyurethane elastomer material (ammonia ester bond：NHCOO), acrylic resin, rubber tree lipid, epoxy
Resinae, polyester resin, high polymer mortar class material are existing commercial goods, mono-component polyurethane such as SWD models,
The acrylic resin of THYON SR755 models, the rubber tree lipid of PBC-328 models, the epoxy resin material of 811 models.
The polyureas elastomeric material is polyureas based elastomeric material.
Preferably, the polyureas based elastomeric material is generated by polyureas base component A and the reaction of polyureas base B component, wherein, gather
The volume ratio of urea groups component A and polyureas base B component is 1:1；
Polyureas base component A NCO content be 16~25 between, be configured to：100~150 parts of isocyanates, tetrahydrofuran
15~40 parts of polyethers, 40~80 parts of propylene oxide polyether, 3~10 parts of super water infiltration agent；
Wherein, super water infiltration agent is dopamine and dihydromethyl propionic acid according to weight ratio 1:1 reaction synthesis, model are set to
SKJ-DA；
Polyureas base B component is：55~95 parts of amine terminated polyether, 28~45 parts of amine chainextender, 0.4 part of defoamer, levelling agent
0.3 part, 0.2 part of hydrolysis-resisting agent, 5 parts of colouring agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.2 part of interfacial agents, 0.2 part of ultra-violet absorber, liquid
0.3 part of ester gum adhesive, 5~15 parts of Amino End Group polybutadiene.
Remaining composition is commercial goods, such as isocyanates MDI100 and MDI50, tetrahydrofuran polyether PTMG1000 or
PTMG2000, propylene oxide polyether PPG1000 or PPG2000, amine terminated polyether D2000 and/or T5000, amine chainextender E100
And/or 6200, defoamer BYK530, defoamer BYK530, levelling agent BYK525, hydrolysis-resisting agent M200, colouring agent is mill base, is resisted
Oxygen agent 1010, interfacial agents KH550, ultra-violet absorber UV327, Amino End Group polybutadiene SKJ-ATB.
According to 1 when isocyanates MDI100, MDI50 are used in mixed way:1-1:0 ratio mixing.
According to 16 when amine terminated polyether D2000, T5000 are used in mixed way:1-10:3 ratio mixing.
According to 15 when amine chainextender E100,6200 are used in mixed way:4-4:3 ratio mixing.
The present invention also provides a kind of hydraulic structure concrete surface anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, frost damage prevention, impact-resisting wear-resisting method, wraps
Include following steps,
1) in the prime coat of hydraulic structure concrete external coating first and/or epoxy putty layer, dosage is 0.3~
0.5kg/m2, with applying next layer of 6~24 hours interval times after brushing；
2) the second prime coat is sprayed or brushes, dosage is 0.08~0.1kg/m2, with applying next layer after spraying or brushing
3~12 hours interval times；
3) spray polyurea based elastomeric material, dosage are 3.5~6.0kg/m2, form film waterproof material.
Further, step 1a is increased afterwards in step 1)) according to 0.7~1.0kg/m2Dosage spray silica sand；
And/or step 3) increase afterwards step 4) coating waterproofing layer surface coat an aspect paint, coating layer thickness 0.1~
0.15mm。
During use 1 is pressed using flush coater:1 volume ratio spray polyurea base component A and polyureas base B component, total dosage be 3.5~
6.0kg/m2, 8~15s is formed by curing jointless film.Polyureas based elastomeric film after solidification, it is that a kind of tensioning intensity is big
In 2080N/cm2, elongation be more than the coating of 350% (be typically 20 DEG C of occasions), there is preferable intensity and elasticity, thickness
It can reach 2~6mm excellent antiseepage, anti-corrosion, frost damage prevention, impact-resisting wear-resisting elastomeric material.
Bonding, anti-shear ability can be improved by adding silica sand, therefore resistance to impact and abrasion is preferable.In addition, the one pack system
Polyurethane primer has higher NCO content, can improve the adhesion strength with epoxy primer.Bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane
Priming paint, the cementability with epoxy primer can be improved.Barrier coat is easy in the case where being subjected to long-term high-velocity flow or sandstone impact
Come off, anti-seepage effect reduces, and is strengthened by increasing the adhesion between silicon sand layer epoxy resin and polyurethane, and makes whole
Seepage prevention system can be brought into close contact in hydraulic structure surface, difficult for drop-off, strengthen antiseepage, the protection effect of hydraulic structure
Fruit.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention provides a kind of composite anti-penetrating system, forms system method, by the epoxy coating that is formed one by one, poly-
The seepage prevention system of urethane primer coating, polyureas based elastomeric coating, with hydraulic structure (including dam, box culvert, channel, pipeline,
Tunnel) adhesion it is strong, elastic good, impact-resisting wear-resisting, can adapt to the moist, construction environment of low temperature and the long-term water of hydraulic structure
Bubble, the use environment that high-velocity flow washes away, does not soften, does not fall off, safe and environment-friendly.
, it is necessary to which more than about 28 days reach some strength after concreting, antiseepage operation could be carried out, but in concrete
, it is necessary to form barrier coat in construction when hydraulic structure pours, it is difficult to when hydraulic concrete building reaches expected
Intensity carries out Anti-seeping technology again.Therefore, this matching system is also applied for after concreting short age concrete within seven days
Barrier coat.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is polyureas based elastomeric material provided by the present invention (high urea bond content) micro phase separation structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 A- Fig. 4 C are that the first preferred embodiment of composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention is stretched in water-conveyance tunnel and box culvert
Contract the antiseepage embodiment schematic diagram stitched.
Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 C be composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention the second preferred embodiment channel, aqueduct it is flexible
The antiseepage embodiment schematic diagram of seam.
Fig. 6 A- Fig. 6 C are the third preferred embodiment of composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention in spillway, flood discharging tunnel
Antiseepage embodiment schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 A- Fig. 7 B are the 4th preferred embodiment of composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention in weak age concrete dam
Antiseepage embodiment schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 A- Fig. 8 D are the situation that waterproof coating used in prior art is destroyed in hydraulic engineering.
Embodiment
In order to be better understood from the essence of the present invention, the technology contents of the present invention are made specifically with reference to example
It is bright, but present disclosure is not so limited, it is impossible to therefore and it is interpreted as the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Cementation in polyureas matrix composite system between each coating
1. the cementation of epoxy primer and concrete
The attachment of epoxy primer coating and concrete substrate is a complicated physics and chemical phenomenon.It not only with two kinds
Chemical property, the structure of material surface are relevant with state, additionally depend on the physical chemical factor of bonding interface, such as wetability,
Contact angle, surface energy etc..The adhesive force of epoxy primer coating and concrete substrate may be considered by chemical bond, intermolecular interaction
A variety of effects such as power (Van der Waals force, hydrogen bond) and physics anchoring are formed.It is broadly divided into following three aspects：
1) free electron and the Van der Waals force of concrete interface to dissociate in epoxy primer on phenyl ring.
2) hydrogen bond action between the oxygen atom in concrete in the hydrogen atom and epoxide group of numerous oh groups, and
Hydrogen bond action between the oxygen atom of the hydrogen of oh group in epoxy and the oh group of concrete surface.
3) hydroxyl in concrete carries out addition reaction with epoxy epoxide epoxy group group, obtains firm chemical bond (ammonia ester bond)
Active force.
In addition, the wellability of epoxy primer is good, it can largely penetrate into the hole of concrete substrate, can be formed after solidification
Very firm physics anchorage effect.
2. the cementation between polyurethane primer coating and epoxy primer coating
The attachment of epoxy primer and polyurethane primer is a complicated physics and chemical phenomenon.It not only with two kinds of materials
Chemical property, the structure on surface are relevant with state, additionally depend on the physical chemical factor of bonding interface, such as wetability, contact
Angle, surface energy etc..The adhesive force of epoxy primer and polyurethane primer may be considered by chemical bond, molecular separating force (Van der Waals force,
Hydrogen bond) etc. many factors form.It is broadly divided into following three aspects：
1) Van der Waals force powerful between the free electron to dissociate in epoxy primer and polyurethane primer on phenyl ring；
2) on epoxy primer coating surface in the hydrogen atom and polyurethane primer of oh group in oh group oxygen atom it
Between hydrogen bond action；
3) polyurethane reaction between the NCO in epoxy primer coating surface terminal hydroxy groups group and polyurethane primer, is obtained
To firm chemical bond (ammonia ester bond) active force.
Bonding force between polyurethane primer and epoxy come from above-mentioned three kinds it is Nian Jie, the cohesive force of these three types is common
Effect, the high strength bond between epoxy and polyurethane primer bring effect.
Present invention preferably uses two-component spraying polyureas (polyureas based elastomeric material) by curing agent component (polyureas base A
Component) with a kind of allophanate (urea bond) group of resin Composition (polyureas base B component) generation account for the elastomeric material of main body.
When polyureas base component A is reacted with polyureas base B component, the spy such as high reaction activity, high solidification speed, VOC free, environment-friendly is shown
Property, high urea bond content enables polyurea materials to have the advantages of high cohesion, high-durability, low water absorption, disclosure satisfy that water conservancy water
Electrical engineering waterproof, antiseepage requirement.
(1) chemistry definition
The prepolymer (component A) with certain isocyanate content by polyalcohol and polyisocyanates reaction generation, this is anti-
Polyurethane reaction, product amido-containing acid ester (ammonia ester bond should be belonged to：NHCOO)；
Then urea groups first is contained by the prepolymer (component A) containing isocyanates and polyamine (B component) reaction generation again
Acid esters (urea bond：NHCONH material)；
In the elastomer for reacting generation, allophanate (urea bond) content should be greater than carbamate (ammonia ester bond) content,
Particularly urea bond content is more than ammonia ester bond more than 5 times.
(2) Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering defines
It is anti-with the feature such as high urea bond content, high cohesion energy, high-durability, high solids content, low water absorption, environment-friendly
Water material.
(3) application performance defines
Using spraying application, there is rapid curing (curing rate is less than 20 seconds), construction environment tolerance height, efficiency of construction
The features such as high, resistance to long-term water immersion, high water pressure resistant, water conservancy and hydropower complicated interface waterproof construction requirement and requirement can be met
Waterproof material.
Chemically aspect, Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering application aspect, construction and application performance aspect are entered respectively for above-mentioned three kinds of definition
Row definition.
When using polyureas based elastomeric material, because polyurethane primer and polyureas belong to the material of same system, therefore
Compatibility between polyurethane primer and polyureas apply is preferable, when spray polyurea sill touches polyurethane primer surface, gathers
Polyamine on urethane primer coating in substantial amounts of NCO and polyureas base B component reacts rapidly, obtains firm chemical bond
(urea bond) active force.In addition, there is powerful model between the free electron to dissociate in polyurethane primer and polyurea coating on phenyl ring
Presence hydrogen bond action between De Huali, and polyurethane primer and polyureas priming paint.
It is below a composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention as shown in figure 1, including prime coat and film waterproof material；
Wherein, prime coat includes first coating, second coating；First coating is humidity or the ring of dry concrete surface
Oxygen priming paint；Second coating is one pack system or double-component polyurethane primer；Film waterproof material is macromolecular elastomer material.
Separately there is a silicon sand layer between first coating, second coating, the silicon sand layer selects 20~50 mesh silica sands, such as the institute of table 1
Show its proportioning and dosage.
Table 1
Separately there is a top coat layer on film waterproof material, as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 is to select the polyureas based elastomeric material that uses in the present invention among macromolecular elastomer material (high urea bond contains
Amount) micro phase separation structure schematic diagram.Wherein, the structure for being similar to rectangle represents the hard section of SPUA (urea bond), random
Structure represents the soft segment of SPUA.Polyureas based elastomeric material has high urea bond content, high cohesion energy, high-durability, height
Solid content, low water absorption and with the feature such as super water infiltration function, show high reaction activity, high solidification speed, VOC free, ring
Border is friendly, the characteristic such as firm Nian Jie with damping interface, high urea bond content enable polyurea materials have high cohesion, high-durability,
The advantages of low water absorption, it disclosure satisfy that Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering waterproof, antiseepage requirement.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite anti-penetrating system is：
1) in the prime coat of hydraulic structure concrete external coating first and/or epoxy putty layer, the first prime coat dosage
For 0.35kg/m2If concrete surface defect is serious, the first prime coat can be substituted by epoxy putty or be applied in the first prime coat
Cover it is levelling with epoxy putty at rear concrete defect, with applying next layer of 7~36 hours interval times after brushing；
2) spray or brush the second prime coat, dosage 0.1kg/m2, spraying or after brushing with applying next layer of interval when
Between 4~24 hours；
3) spraying or brushing macromolecular elastomer material, dosage are 3~7kg/m2, form film waterproof material.
Wherein, and/or, step 1a is increased afterwards in step 1)) according to 0.8kg/m2Dosage spray 20~50 mesh silica sands；
And/or increase step 4) afterwards in step 3) and coat an aspect paint, coating layer thickness 0.1mm in coating waterproofing layer surface.
The top coat layer is by finish paint component A and finish paint B component by weight 4：3 mix；
Wherein, finish paint component A be by weight by hydrogenating MDI, PTMG1000 and solvent propene carbonate by 100 parts,
100 parts, 40 parts of ratio mixes；
Finish paint B component be by weight by polyaspartic ester resin chain extender and solvent propene carbonate by 150 parts,
30 parts of ratio mixes.
The epoxy primer is made up of epoxy primer component A and epoxy primer B component, and wherein epoxy primer component A is more
Bar amine modified epoxy matrix resin, epoxy primer B component by bulk cured dose of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, interfacial agents,
Accelerator, defoamer, levelling agent, antioxidant, colouring agent composition；
When concrete surface water content is not more than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy main body
100 parts of resin, bulk cured dose 50 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, defoamer
0.5 part, 0.5 part of levelling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
When concrete surface water content is higher than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy main body tree
100 parts of fat, bulk cured dose 15 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, defoamer 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of levelling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
The model KH550 of the interfacial agents, the model AH of accelerator, model BYK530, the levelling agent of defoamer
Model BYK525, the model 1010 of antioxidant, colouring agent be coloring mill base；
Described epoxy putty is by epoxy primer and filler according to weight ratio 2:1 is formulated, and wherein filler is gas phase two
Silica.
The polyurethane primer is mono-component polyurethane priming paint or bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint；
Wherein, mono-component polyurethane priming paint is by weight 7 by thick MDI and PTMG1000：The isocyanide of 11 ratio synthesis
Acid esters performed polymer；
Bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint is 3 by weight proportion by epoxide modified polyethers and Isocyanate prepolymers body:1
Mix.
The polyureas based elastomeric material is generated by polyureas base component A and the reaction of polyureas base B component, wherein, polyureas base A groups
Divide and the volume ratio of polyureas base B component is 1:1, specific composition is as shown in table 2：
Table 2
The physical property of above-mentioned polyureas based elastomeric material, as shown in table 3：
Table 3
Wherein, the compound method of polyureas base component A, comprises the following steps：
1) tetrahydrofuran polyether PTMG1000 and propylene oxide polyether PPG1000 is mixed, entered under the conditions of 100-110 DEG C
The refined 2h of row, makes water content be down to less than 0.1%, is cooled to 50 DEG C；
2) super water infiltration agent SKJ-DA is added, after uniformly mixing 30 minutes, adds isocyanates MDI100,65 DEG C of reactions
10h；
3) reactant is down to room temperature, discharging terminates reaction, N2Encapsulation, storage.
The compound method of B component, comprises the following steps：
1) amine terminated polyether D2000, T5000 are well mixed, amine chainextender E100 is then added to amine terminated polyether
In, 110 DEG C of refined 2h, water content is down to less than 0.1%, be cooled to room temperature, discharging terminates reaction；
2) Amino End Group polybutadiene SKJ-ATB and auxiliary agent are added, disperse at a high speed, mixing speed is 900 turns/hour,
Mixing time is 1.5 hours, N2Encapsulation, storage；
Wherein, the auxiliary agent is：Defoamer, levelling agent, hydrolysis-resisting agent, colouring agent, antioxidant, interfacial agents, ultraviolet are inhaled
Receive agent, the mixture of liquid rosin glyceride adhesive.
Due to the reaction speed that polyureas based elastomeric material is exceedingly fast, define that its construction must use bi-component collisional mixing
Airless spraying equipment (polyureas flush coater XP3), wherein the limitation to polyureas base component A viscosity is particularly strict, solves this problem
Unique channel for improve polyureas base component A NCO content.The raising of NCO content can not only reduce the viscosity of system, and
High solids content and high reaction activity can be kept, while make it that the cohesive force of material in itself is bigger, anti-hydrolytic performance is more preferable, reaction
Speed faster, is more suitable for the construction environment requirement of hydraulic engineering.
Polyureas base component A NCO content and urea bond, urethane linkage content corresponding relation are as shown in table 4：
Table 4
| NCO content/% | Urea bond/× 1020/g | Ammonia ester bond/× 1020/g |
| 6 | 4.01 | 4.01 |
| 8 | 6.02 | 3.61 |
| 10 | 7.07 | 3.40 |
| 12 | 8.66 | 3.08 |
| 15 | 10.70 | 2.68 |
| 17 | 12.22 | 2.37 |
| 20 | 14.05 | 2.01 |
To ensure high urea bond content, the NCO content in polyureas base component A should be controlled in 16%-25% so that urea bond and ammonia
The content of ester bond maintains 5:More than 1.When NCO content is relatively low, prepolymer molecular weight is high, and reactivity is low, and spraying application is by ring
Border influences greatly, and the intensity of material and cohesive energy are relatively low, and endurance quality is poor.When NCO content is higher, prepolymer molecular weight is low, instead
Should be active high, spraying application is affected by environment small, and Spray Polyurea Elastomer has preferable intensity and hardness, higher cohesion
Energy.In addition moist boundary can be increased containing super water infiltration agent and Amino End Group polybutadiene in used two-component polyurea sill
The durability of face cohesive force and the long-term bubble of elastomer coating, preferable water environment stability in use is provided for hydraulic structure.
As shown in table 4, General N CO contents are more than 16% in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering and are advisable, and are 18% in this formula, more by force
Cohesive force, more close molecules align blocked moisture immerse material approach, in addition in material containing super water infiltration agent with
Amino End Group polybutadiene can increase damping interface cohesive force and the durability of the long-term bubble of elastomer coating, be hydraulic structure
Preferable water environment stability in use is provided.
Polyureas base component A NCO content and the relation of polyurea materials mechanical property are as shown in table 5：
Table 5
Embodiment 1
It is applied to the antiseepage embodiment at water-conveyance tunnel and box culvert expansion joint for composite anti-penetrating system provided by the present invention, due to
Water-conveyance tunnel does not need impact-resisting wear-resisting, it is not necessary under sunlight, but needs the immersion of long-term water, substrate surface belongs to during construction
Moisture substrate.Therefore, it is using composite anti-penetrating system in the application field：Epoxy primer layer+epoxy that damping interface uses changes
Two-component polyurethane primer layer+two-component polyurea based elastomeric coating of property.
It is as shown by arrows wherein the expansion joint of water-conveyance tunnel (such as Fig. 4 A) and box culvert (such as Fig. 4 B), thereon coated with this reality
Apply the composite anti-penetrating system that example is provided.
Fig. 4 C are the structural representation of composite anti-penetrating system in the present embodiment, it can be seen that composite anti-penetrating system
Across the seam crossing of two concrete, and respectively extend 30 centimeters or so to both sides.
Embodiment 2
It is applied to the antiseepage embodiment of channel and aqueduct for composite anti-penetrating system provided by the present invention, due to channel and aqueduct
Impact-resisting wear-resisting is not needed, but needs to be chronically exposed under sunlight, whether there is water or not repeatedly alternately, therefore makes in the application field
It is with composite anti-penetrating system：
(1) it is used for the expansion joint as shown by arrows for channel (such as Fig. 5 A), composite anti-penetrating system used is：Drying interface makes
Epoxy primer layer+mono-component polyurethane prime coat+polyurethane elastomer coating+top coat layer；
(2) it is used for the expansion joint as shown by arrows for aqueduct (such as Fig. 5 B), composite anti-penetrating system used is：Drying interface makes
Epoxy primer layer+mono-component polyurethane prime coat+acrylic ester elastomer coating+top coat layer.
Fig. 5 C are the structural representation of composite anti-penetrating system in the present embodiment, it can be seen that composite anti-penetrating system
Across the seam crossing of two concrete, and respectively extend 30 centimeters or so to both sides.
Summary Examples 1 and 2, the existing expansion joint position for being layed in water-conveyance tunnel, box culvert, channel and aqueduct are prevented
Infiltration situation will be occurred for three months in immersion by oozing system, immersion wash away more than half a year will ablation, have a strong impact on water delivery
The use of tunnel, channel and aqueduct, cause to have to coated with water blocking material again, causes construction cost to increase, and in embodiment
The composite anti-penetrating system provided can consolidate the expansion joint position for being incorporated into water-conveyance tunnel and box culvert, be not easily stripped, come off, show
Showing good waterproof, seepage control performance, actual motion 4 years, seepage prevention system stands intact, in the experiment application in laboratory, test
Embodiment provides the ageing-resistant time of composite anti-penetrating system up to more than 30 years.Good long-term resistance to of above-mentioned composite anti-penetrating system
Water soaks and resistant abrasion effect, can not only improve the durability of hydro-structure, and avoid the operation of general seepage prevention system
During the expense repaired repeatedly and economic loss caused by cutting off the water.
Embodiment 3
It is applied to spillway, the antiseepage of flood discharging tunnel, impact-resisting wear-resisting embodiment for composite anti-penetrating system provided by the present invention, by
Need to be subjected to high-velocity flow (20~40m/s) in spillway, flood discharging tunnel to wash away, therefore apply the composite anti-penetrating system in the field
The performance with impact-resisting wear-resisting is needed, therefore is using composite anti-penetrating system in the application field：
(1) it is used for the surface of flood discharging tunnel (such as Fig. 6 A), composite anti-penetrating impact-resisting wear-resisting system used is：What wet front used
Two-component polyurethane primer layer+heat-resistant powder filler coating (PBC-328) of epoxy primer layer+silica sand+epoxide modified；
(2) it is used for the surface of spillway (such as Fig. 6 B), composite anti-penetrating impact-resisting wear-resisting system used is：Dry what interface used
Two-component polyurethane primer layer+two-component polyurea based elastomeric coating of epoxy primer layer+silica sand+epoxide modified；
Fig. 6 C are the structure chart of composite anti-penetrating system in the present embodiment, there it can be seen that by being laid in prime coat
Silicon sand layer can increase the anti-wear performance of composite anti-penetrating system.
The existing seepage prevention system for being layed in spillway, flood discharging tunnel is wear-resisting because it is weak with the adhesion of spillway, flood discharging tunnel
Consumption, resistant to shearing and poor impact resistance, the situation of infiltration and ablation will often occur in initial operating stage, influence the flood that overflows
The use in road, flood discharging tunnel, so as to have to coat impervious material again, cause construction cost to increase and use upper delay, and
The composite anti-penetrating system that the present embodiment provides adds silicon sand layer, can greatly promote seepage prevention system for the wear-resisting of water impact
Property, coat that special prime coat is firm to be incorporated into spillway, flood discharging tunnel, be not easily stripped, come off, the polyureas base in the present embodiment is prevented
The system of oozing shows good resistance to impact and abrasion, and in actual applications, this seepage prevention system has been run 5 years, and seepage prevention system is complete
Good lossless, in the experiment application in laboratory, the ageing-resistant time of test bodies system, good was long-term water-fast up to more than 30 years
Immersion and resistant abrasion effect, can not only improve the durability of hydro-structure, and avoid the operation of general seepage prevention system
Economic loss caused by being repaired repeatedly in journey.
Embodiment 4
It is applied to the antiseepage embodiment of weak age concrete dam for composite anti-penetrating system provided by the present invention.Applied to shorten
In the work cycle, composite anti-penetrating system construction is generally carried out on weak age concrete surface, therefore in the application field using compound
Seepage prevention system is：Two-component polyurethane primer layer+bi-component of epoxy primer layer+silica sand that damping interface uses+epoxide modified
Polyureas based elastomeric coating+top coat layer.
The composite anti-penetrating provided during use on weak age concrete dam (such as Fig. 7 A) surface coated with the present embodiment
System, Fig. 7 B show its structural representation.
Due to using wet side epoxy primer so that polyureas seepage prevention system provided by the invention can apply to pouring
Conserve and coated on the weak age concrete surface of 1 day afterwards, and because the concrete of weak age is aqueous, can be to prevent used in prior art
Ooze coating system need after concreting more than 28 days just can be with, therefore other systems are coated on weak age concrete surface
Easily occur flaky situation in the insecure, use of bonding, and it is distinctive in the composite anti-penetrating system that the present embodiment provides can
It can make polyureas composite anti-penetrating system strong bonded in concrete surface suitable for the epoxy primer of damping interface.
From above-described embodiment as can be seen that composite anti-penetrating system provided by the invention has following features：
1. forming the prime coat based on epoxy primer, spraying or brushing high-molecular organic material are formed on prime coat
Macromolecular elastomer waterproof coating.
It is mixed in the concrete in moisture state or weak stage age 2. priming paint uses wet side primer material
Prime coat can also be formed by coagulating native surface, and macromolecular elastomer film waterproof material is formed on prime coat.
3. hydraulic structure surface waterproofing layer will be washed away by high-velocity flow, waterproof layer must be strongly adhered to concrete
On surface.Therefore, exterior waterproof coating uses macromolecular elastomer barrier coat, and its underpart basal plane is based on epoxy resin based material
Prime coat.As waterproof layer, it is made up of the prime coat of film waterproof material and bottom basal plane.
Above-mentioned composite anti-penetrating system, there is excellent water resistance, there is preferable adhesion strength to concrete surface
(3.0N/mm2More than), while there is the performances such as outstanding abrasion performance, resistant to shearing and impact resistance, even if concrete surface by
Huge friction and washing away also is had nothing to do, and conventional waterproof method can not possibly reach the state of this protection, above-mentioned waterproof layer
Formation efficiency is higher than the formation efficiency of conventional various waterproof layers, especially as the material used in wet side in the first prime coat
Material, can conserve after pouring and coated on the weak age concrete surface of 1 day, and can ensure preferable adhesion strength.Cause
This, can carry out the construction of waterproof layer at once after casting concrete, the demoulding, can shorten the making week of hydraulic structure
Phase, shorten the deadline of integrated engineering.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of composite anti-penetrating system suitable for hydraulic structure, it is characterised in that including prime coat and film waterproof material；
Wherein, prime coat includes first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second coating；
First coating is humidity or the epoxy primer of dry concrete surface；
Second coating is polyurethane primer；
Film waterproof material is macromolecular elastomer material.
2. composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in first coating and/or epoxy putty layer, second
Separately there is a silicon sand layer between coating, the silicon sand layer selects 20~50 mesh silica sands；
And/or separately there is a top coat layer on film waterproof material.
3. a kind of antiseepage on hydraulic structure concrete surface, anti-corrosion, frost damage prevention and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps,
1) in the prime coat of hydraulic structure concrete external coating first and/or epoxy putty layer, dosage is 0.3~0.5kg/m2,
With applying next layer of 6~24 hours interval times after brushing；
2) the second prime coat is sprayed or brushes, dosage is 0.08~0.1kg/m2, spraying or after brushing with applying next layer of interval when
Between 3~12 hours；
3) spraying or brushing macromolecular elastomer material, dosage are 3.5~6.0kg/m2, form coating waterproofing, overcoat.
4. the antiseepage on hydraulic structure concrete surface as claimed in claim 3, anti-corrosion and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, its feature exist
In increasing step 1a afterwards in step 1)) according to 0.7~1.0kg/m2Dosage spray silica sand；
And/or increase step 4) afterwards in film waterproof material surface spraying in step 3) or brush an aspect paint, coating layer thickness 0.1
~0.15mm.
5. hydraulic structure concrete surface described in composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 2 or claim 4 is anti-
Ooze, anti-corrosion, frost damage prevention and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, it is characterised in that the top coat layer presses 4 by finish paint component A and finish paint B component：3
Mix；
Wherein, finish paint component A be by weight by hydrogenating MDI, PTMG1000 and solvent propene carbonate by 100 parts, 100
Part, 40 parts of ratio mix；
Finish paint B component is to press 150 parts, 30 parts by polyaspartic ester resin chain extender and solvent propene carbonate by weight
Ratio mix.
6. hydraulic structure concrete surface described in composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 is anti-
Ooze, frost damage prevention and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, it is characterised in that the epoxy primer is by epoxy primer component A and epoxy primer B component
Composition, wherein epoxy primer component A are dopamine modified epoxy matrix resin, and epoxy primer B component is by modified by cardanol fat
Bulk cured dose of race's polyamine, interfacial agents, accelerator, defoamer, levelling wetting agent, antioxidant, colouring agent composition；
When concrete surface water content is not more than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy matrix resin
100 parts, bulk cured dose 50 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer,
0.5 part of levelling agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
When concrete surface water content is higher than 8%, epoxy primer is formulated by weight：Dopamine modified epoxy matrix resin
100 parts, bulk cured dose 15 parts of modified by cardanol aliphatic polyamine, 0.5 part of interfacial agents, 1 part of accelerator, 0.5 part of defoamer,
0.5 part of levelling wetting agent, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 3.3 parts of colouring agent；
The model KH550 of the interfacial agents, the model AH of accelerator, the model BYK530 of defoamer, the type of levelling agent
Number be BYK525, antioxidant model 1010, colouring agent be coloring mill base；
Described epoxy putty is by epoxy primer and filler according to 2:1 is formulated, and wherein filler is aerosil.
7. hydraulic structure concrete surface described in composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 is anti-
Ooze, anti-corrosion and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, it is characterised in that the polyurethane primer is mono-component polyurethane priming paint or bi-component epoxy
Modified polyurethane priming paint；
Wherein, mono-component polyurethane priming paint is by weight 7 by thick MDI and PTMG1000：The isocyanates of 11 ratio synthesis
Performed polymer；
Bi-component epoxy modified polyurethane priming paint is 3 by weight proportion by epoxide modified polyethers and Isocyanate prepolymers body:1 mixing
Form.
8. hydraulic structure concrete surface described in composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 is anti-
Ooze, anti-corrosion and impact-resisting wear-resisting method, it is characterised in that the macromolecular elastomer material is polyureas elastomeric material, poly- ammonia
Esters elastomeric material, acrylic resin, rubber tree lipid, epoxy resin, polyester resin or high polymer mortar class material
Material.
9. the antiseepage on composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 8 or hydraulic structure concrete surface, anti-corrosion and anti-impact are resistance to
Mill method, it is characterised in that the polyureas elastomeric material is polyureas based elastomeric material.
10. the antiseepage on composite anti-penetrating system as claimed in claim 9 or hydraulic structure concrete surface, anti-corrosion and anti-impact are resistance to
Mill method, it is characterised in that the polyureas based elastomeric material is generated by polyureas base component A and the reaction of polyureas base B component, its
In, the volume ratio of polyureas base component A and polyureas base B component is 1:1；
Between polyureas base component A NCO content is 16~25%, it is configured to：100~150 parts of isocyanates, tetrahydrofuran polyether 15
~40 parts, 40~80 parts of propylene oxide polyether, 3~10 parts of super water infiltration agent；
Wherein, super water infiltration agent is dopamine and dihydromethyl propionic acid according to weight ratio 1:1 reaction synthesis；
Polyureas base B component is：55~95 parts of amine terminated polyether, 28~45 parts of amine chainextender, 0.4 part of defoamer, levelling agent 0.3
Part, 0.2 part of hydrolysis-resisting agent, 5 parts of colouring agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.2 part of interfacial agents, 0.2 part of ultra-violet absorber, liquid rosin
0.3 part of glyceride adhesive, 5~15 parts of Amino End Group polybutadiene.
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