CN107819165B - Charging method of insufficient-current lead-acid storage battery for automobile - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charging method of a power-shortage lead-acid storage battery for an automobile. The process is as follows: for different types of lead-acid storage batteries, when the residual electric quantity of the battery is zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes; when the residual electric quantity of the battery is larger than zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes. The invention uses different grading charging methods to carry out the complementary charging on the storage batteries with different residual electric quantity, voltage and other different power-loss degrees, can ensure that the lead-acid storage battery with 12V power-loss can be fully charged without the phenomenon of virtual charging, can reduce the charging time for fully recovering the electric quantity of the storage battery, and avoids the risks of the vehicle being incapable of starting again and the like caused by the reduction of the service life of the storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile battery charging, and particularly relates to a charging method of a power-shortage lead-acid storage battery for an automobile.
Background
At present, the charging technology management of the insufficient-power battery of the vehicle of a common automobile production company is relatively disordered, the vehicle comprises a test vehicle, a factory offline vehicle, a garage inventory vehicle and an after-sale network vehicle, different insufficient-power battery charging methods are adopted, the degree of insufficient power is basically not considered, the charging voltage and the charging current of the insufficient-power battery are charged based on respective experience, the charging time is not determined, and the incorrect charging methods cannot fully charge the insufficient-power battery and further cannot eliminate the vulcanization phenomenon in the deep insufficient-power battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a charging method of a power-shortage lead-acid storage battery for an automobile.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a charging method of a power-shortage lead-acid storage battery for an automobile is characterized in that for different types of lead-acid storage batteries, when the residual electric quantity of the battery is zero, the power-shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes; when the residual electric quantity of the battery is larger than zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes, wherein the different charging modes refer to different charging voltage, charging current and charging time parameters.
Further, the types of lead-acid batteries include AGM lead-acid batteries and EFB/FB lead-acid batteries.
Further, for the AGM lead-acid storage battery, when the remaining battery capacity is zero, according to the corresponding relation between the remaining battery capacity SOC and the battery voltage U, when the remaining battery capacity SOC is reduced to zero, the battery voltage U is reduced to a corresponding voltage critical value, and 3 segmentation values U are sequentially arranged between zero and the voltage critical value1、U2、U3The fractional value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: grade 1, 0 < U1(ii) a Class 2, U1＜U＜U2(ii) a Class 3, U2＜U＜U3(ii) a Class 4, U3< U < voltage threshold.
Further, when the grade is 1, the battery is determined to be scrapped, and the battery is not charged;
the charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t1 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t3 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then the constant voltage U2 and the current limit I2 are charged for a time t 2.
The charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t4 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the t2 > t1 > t3 > t 4.
Further, for an AGM lead-acid storage battery, when the residual electric quantity of the battery is greater than zero, the automobile can be started only if the residual electric quantity of the battery is greater than a critical value, and the critical value is defined as an electric quantity critical value; 3 segment values SOC are sequentially arranged between zero and the critical value of electric quantity1、SOC2、SOC3The segment value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: class 1, 0 < >SOC＜SOC1(ii) a Class 2, SOC1＜SOC＜SOC2(ii) a Class 3, SOC2＜SOC＜SOC3(ii) a Class 4, SOC3And < SOC < electric quantity critical value.
Further, the charging mode of the level 1 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I31；
The charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I32；
The charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I33；
The charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I34；
Said t is1＞t2＞t3＞t4。
Further, for the EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery, when the remaining battery capacity is zero, according to the corresponding relation between the remaining battery capacity SOC and the battery voltage U, when the remaining battery capacity SOC is reduced to zero, the battery voltage U is reduced to a corresponding voltage critical value, and 3 segment values U are sequentially set between zero and the voltage critical value1、U2、U3The fractional value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: grade 1, 0 < U1(ii) a Class 2, U1＜U＜U2(ii) a Class 3, U2＜U＜U3(ii) a Class 4, U3< U < voltage threshold.
Further, when the power shortage degree of the battery is grade 1, the battery is not charged;
the charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t1 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t3 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t4 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the t2 > t1 > t3 > t 4.
Further, for the EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery, when the battery residual capacity is greater than zero, the automobile can be started only if the battery residual capacity is greater than a critical value, and the critical value is defined as a capacity critical value; 3 segment values SOC are sequentially arranged between zero and the critical value of electric quantity1、SOC2、SOC3The segment value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: class 1, 0 < SOC1(ii) a Class 2, SOC1＜SOC＜SOC2(ii) a Class 3, SOC2＜SOC＜SOC3(ii) a Class 4, SOC3And < SOC < electric quantity critical value.
Furthermore, the charging mode of the level 1 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I31；
The charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I32；
The charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I33；
The charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I34；
Said t is1＞t2＞t3＞t4。
The invention is applicable to different types of storage batteries; to the batteries of different insufficient levels such as different battery residual capacities, voltages, use different hierarchical formula charging methods to mend and charge, so not only can reduce the charge time that the battery fully resumes the electric quantity, more can eliminate the inside vulcanization problem of degree of depth insufficient voltage battery, improve the life of battery.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
For different types of lead-acid storage batteries, when the residual electric quantity of the battery is zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes; when the residual electric quantity of the battery is larger than zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes. Namely, the invention is applicable to different types of storage batteries; to the different insufficient voltage degree's such as different battery residual capacity, voltage battery, use different hierarchical formula charging methods to mend and charge, different charging methods mean that charging voltage, charging current, charging time parameter are different, so not only can reduce the charging time that the battery fully recovered the electric quantity, more can eliminate the inside vulcanization problem of degree of depth insufficient voltage battery, improve the life of battery.
The technical scheme of the invention aims at two different types of lead-acid storage batteries: the battery comprises an AGM (adsorbed Glass Mat) lead-acid storage battery and an EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery (an enhanced rich-solution lead-acid battery/a common rich-solution lead-acid storage battery).
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: for an AGM lead-acid storage battery, hereinafter referred to as a battery for short, according to the corresponding relation between the battery residual capacity SOC and the battery voltage U, when the battery residual capacity SOC is reduced to zero, the battery voltage U is reduced to a corresponding voltage critical value. On the basis, when the residual capacity of the battery is zero, the storage battery is in the most serious condition of power loss in a chargeable state, and the complementary charging is carried out by adopting a corresponding grading type method according to different voltage grade states. Specifically, 3 segment values U are sequentially set between zero and the voltage critical value1、U2、U3The fractional value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: grade 1, 0 < U1(ii) a Class 2, U1＜U＜U2(ii) a Class 3, U2＜U＜U3(ii) a Class 4, U3< U < voltage threshold.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps:
when the power shortage degree of the battery is level 1, the situation that the internal vulcanization phenomenon of the battery is serious and irreversible is shown, the scrapping of the battery can be determined, and the battery is not charged;
the charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t1 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the level 3 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t3 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then the constant voltage U2 and the current limit I2 are charged for a time t 2.
The charging mode of level 4 is: firstly, charging for time t4 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the t2 > t1 > t3 > t 4.
The current and voltage limiting is the maximum value that the limited charging current and voltage can take, namely, during charging, on the basis of constant charging voltage, the value of the charging current is less than or equal to the current limiting value, and on the basis of constant charging current, the value of the charging voltage is less than or equal to the voltage limiting value.
The above-mentioned segmentation value U1、U2、U3The voltage threshold, the charging current I1, the voltage limit U1, the voltage U2, the current limit I2, and the charging times t1, t2, t3, t4 are determined according to the results of a plurality of tests, in particular: u shape1、U2、U3The values of the charging time t1, t2, t3 and t4 are respectively 12h +/-1h, 24h +/-1h, 10h +/-1h and 8h +/-1h, the values of the charging time t1, t2, t3 and t4 are respectively 3V +/-1V, 6V +/-1V and 9V +/-1V, the value of the voltage critical value is 11.5V +/-1V, the values of the charging current I1, the voltage limiting U1, the voltage U2 and the value of the current limiting I2 are respectively 3.5A +/-2%, 16V +/-2%, 14.4V +/-2% and 17.5A +/-2%.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: for an AGM lead-acid storage battery, the residual electric quantity of the battery must be larger than a critical value, and an automobile can be started, wherein the critical value is defined as an electric quantity critical value; on the basis, when the residual capacity of the battery is greater than zero, 3 segment values SOC are sequentially arranged between zero and the critical value of the capacity1、SOC2、SOC3The segment value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: class 1, 0 < SOC1(ii) a Class 2, SOC1＜SOC＜SOC2(ii) a Class 3, SOC2＜SOC＜SOC3(ii) a Class 4, SOC3And < SOC < electric quantity critical value.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: the charging mode of the level 1 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I31；
The charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I32；
The charging mode of the level 3 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I33；
The charging mode of level 4 is: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I34；
Said t is1＞t2＞t3＞t4。
The above current limiting is the maximum value that the limited charging current can take, that is, during charging, on the basis of constant charging voltage, the value of the charging current is less than or equal to the current limiting value.
The above-mentioned segment value SOC1、SOC2、SOC3Charge threshold, charging voltage U3, current limit I3, and charging time t1、t2、t3、t4Depending on the results of a number of tests, in particular: SOC1、SOC2、SOC3Respectively, 30% +/-10%, 50% +/-10%, 65% +/-10%; the critical value of the electric quantity is 90% +/-10%; the values of the charging voltage U3 and the current limit I3 are 14.4V +/-2% and 7A +/-2% respectively; charging time t1、t2、t3、t4The values of the two are respectively 13h-16h, 11h-12h, 9h-10h and 6h-8 h.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: for an EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery, hereinafter referred to as a battery for short, when the SOC of the battery residual capacity is reduced to zero according to the corresponding relation between the SOC of the battery residual capacity and the voltage U of the battery, the voltage U of the battery is reduced to a corresponding voltage critical value. On the basis, when the residual capacity of the battery is zero, the storage battery is in the most serious condition of power loss in a chargeable state, and the complementary charging is carried out by adopting a corresponding grading type method according to different voltage grade states. Specifically, 3 segment values U are sequentially set between zero and the voltage critical value1、U2、U3Is divided into a segment value according to the voltage of the batteryThe boundary point divides the insufficient level of the battery into four levels, and the four levels are respectively: grade 1, 0 < U1(ii) a Class 2, U1＜U＜U2(ii) a Class 3, U2＜U＜U3(ii) a Class 4, U3< U < voltage threshold.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: when the power shortage degree of the battery is level 1, the situation that the internal vulcanization phenomenon of the battery is serious and irreversible is shown, the scrapping of the battery can be determined, and the battery is not charged;
the charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t1 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the level 3 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t3 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of level 4 is: firstly, charging for time t4 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the t2 > t1 > t3 > t 4.
The current and voltage limiting is the maximum value that the limited charging current and voltage can take, namely, during charging, on the basis of constant charging voltage, the value of the charging current is less than or equal to the current limiting value, and on the basis of constant charging current, the value of the charging voltage is less than or equal to the voltage limiting value.
The above-mentioned segmentation value U1、U2、U3The voltage threshold, the charging current I1, the voltage limit U1, the voltage U2, the current limit I2, and the charging times t1, t2, t3, t4 are determined according to the results of a plurality of tests, in particular: u shape1、U2、U3The values of the charging time t1, t2, t3 and t4 are respectively 12h +/-1h, 24h +/-1h, 10h +/-1h and 8h +/-1h, the values of the charging time t1, t2 and the charging time t3 are respectively 0.05C20A +/-2%, 16.5V +/-2%, 16V +/-2% and 0.25C20A +/-2% (wherein C20 is the 20-hour rate capacity of the battery), and the values of the voltage threshold value is respectively 3V +/-1V, 6V +/-1V and 9V +/-1V, the value of the voltage threshold value is 11.5V +/-1V, the value of the charging current I1, the voltage threshold value is U1, the voltage threshold value is U2 and the value of the current limit I2.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: for EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery, the residual electric quantity of the battery must be larger than a critical value for starting the automobileThe critical value is defined as an electric quantity critical value; on the basis, when the residual capacity of the battery is greater than zero, 3 segment values SOC are sequentially arranged between zero and the critical value of the capacity1、SOC2、SOC3The segment value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: class 1, 0 < SOC1(ii) a Class 2, SOC1＜SOC＜SOC2(ii) a Class 3, SOC2＜SOC＜SOC3(ii) a Class 4, SOC3And < SOC < electric quantity critical value.
In the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: the charging mode of the level 1 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I31；
The charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I32；
The charging mode of the level 3 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I33；
The charging mode of level 4 is: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I34；
Said t is1＞t2＞t3＞t4。
The above current limiting is the maximum value that the limited charging current can take, that is, during charging, on the basis of constant charging voltage, the value of the charging current is less than or equal to the current limiting value.
The above-mentioned segment value SOC1、SOC2、SOC3Charge threshold, charging voltage U3, current limit I3, and charging time t1、t2、t3、t4Depending on the results of a number of tests, in particular: SOC1、SOC2、SOC3Respectively, 30% +/-10%, 50% +/-10%, 65% +/-10%; the critical value of the electric quantity is 90% +/-10%; the values of the charging voltage U3 and the current limit I3 are 16V +/-2% and 0.25C20A +/-2% ((wherein C20 is the 20-hour rate capacity of the battery)); charging time t1、t2、t3、t4The values of the two are respectively 16h-24h, 12h-16h, 9h-12h and 6h-9 h.
In view of the above technical solution of the present invention, embodiment 1 is provided:
1. AGM storage battery charging method
1.1 the residual capacity of the storage battery is zero
The residual capacity of the battery is zero, and 3 segment values U are sequentially set between zero and a voltage critical value1、U2、U3，U1、U2、U3The values of (2) are respectively 3V, 6V and 9V, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into four grades by taking the segment value as a demarcation point according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: the grade is 1, U is more than 0 and less than 3V; the grade is 2, U is more than 3V and less than 6V; the grade is 3, U is more than 6V and less than 9V; class 4, 9V < U < Voltage threshold.
The charging modes of different levels are as follows:
grade 1: if the waste treatment is done, the internal vulcanization phenomenon is serious and irreversible.
Grade 2: firstly, charging for 12 hours by using a current of 3.5A and a voltage limited 16V; then charging for 24h with 14.4V constant voltage and current limiting 17.5A.
Grade 3: firstly, charging for 10 hours by using current of 3.5A and voltage limiting of 16V; then charging for 24h with 14.4V constant voltage and current limiting 17.5A.
Grade 4: firstly, charging for 8 hours by using current of 3.5A and voltage limitation of 16V; then charging for 24h with 14.4V constant voltage and current limiting 17.5A.
1.2. The residual electric quantity of the storage battery is higher than zero
The residual capacity SOC of the storage battery is from 0% to 90%, and the complementary charging is carried out by adopting a corresponding grading method according to different residual capacity states of the storage battery.
Grade 1: 0% < SOC < 30%: constant voltage 14.4V, current limiting 7A charging 14h
Grade 2: 30% < SOC < 50%: constant voltage 14.4V, current limiting 7A charging 11h
Grade 3: 50% < SOC < 65%: constant voltage 14.4V, current limiting 7A charging 9h
Grade 4: 65% < SOC < 90%: constant voltage 14.4V, current limiting 7A charging 7h
2. EFB/FB storage battery charging method
2.1 the residual capacity of the storage battery is zero
The residual capacity of the battery is zero at zero and electricity3 segmentation values U are sequentially set between the pressure critical values1、U2、U3，U1、U2、U3The values of (2) are respectively 3V, 6V and 9V, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into four grades by taking the segment value as a demarcation point according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: the grade is 1, U is more than 0 and less than 3V; the grade is 2, U is more than 3V and less than 6V; the grade is 3, U is more than 6V and less than 9V; class 4, 9V < U < Voltage threshold.
The charging modes of different levels are as follows:
grade 1: if the waste treatment is required, the inside of the rubber is seriously vulcanized and is irreversible.
Grade 2: firstly, charging for 12h (C20: 20 hour rate capacity) by using a current of 0.05C20A and a voltage limit of 16.5V; and charging for 24h at a constant voltage of 16V and with a current limit of 0.25C 20A.
Grade 3: firstly, charging for 10 hours at the current of 0.05C20A and the voltage limit of 16.5V; and charging for 24h at a constant voltage of 16V and with a current limit of 0.25C 20A.
Grade 4: firstly, charging for 8 hours by using current of 0.05C20A and voltage limitation of 16.5V; and charging for 24h at a constant voltage of 16V and with a current limit of 0.25C 20A.
2.2 residual capacity of accumulator higher than zero
The residual electric quantity SOC of the storage battery is from 0% to 90%, and corresponding grading type methods are adopted to supplement electricity according to different electricity shortage states
Grade 1: 0% < SOC < 30%: constant voltage 16V, current limiting 0.25C20A charging 19h
Grade 2: 30% < SOC < 50%: charging for 15h with constant voltage of 16V and current limit of 0.25C20A
Grade 3: 50% < SOC < 65%: charging for 11h with constant voltage of 16V and current limit of 0.25C20A
Grade 4: 65% < SOC < 90%: charging for 7h with constant voltage of 16V and current limit of 0.25C20A
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (3)
1. A charging method of a power-shortage lead-acid storage battery for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps: for different types of lead-acid storage batteries, when the residual electric quantity of the battery is zero, the power shortage degree of the battery is divided into different grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the different grades are charged in different charging modes; when the residual electric quantity of the battery is larger than zero, dividing the power shortage degree of the battery into different grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and charging the different grades in different charging modes, wherein the different charging modes refer to different charging voltage, charging current and charging time parameters; the types of the lead-acid storage battery comprise an AGM lead-acid storage battery and an EFB/FB lead-acid storage battery;
when the residual electric quantity of the battery is zero, according to the corresponding relation between the residual electric quantity SOC of the battery and the battery voltage U, when the residual electric quantity SOC of the battery is reduced to zero, the battery voltage U is reduced to a corresponding voltage critical value, and 3 segmentation values U are sequentially arranged between zero and the voltage critical value1、U2、U3The fractional value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the voltage of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: grade 1, 0 < U1(ii) a Class 2, U1＜U＜U2(ii) a Class 3, U2＜U＜U3(ii) a Class 4, U3U is less than a voltage critical value;
when the grade is 1, determining that the battery is scrapped and not charging;
the charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t1 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t3 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: firstly, charging for time t4 by constant current I1 and voltage limiting U1; then charging for time t2 by constant voltage U2 and current limit I2;
the t2 > t1 > t3 > t 4.
2. The method for charging a vehicle-use insufficient-current lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the residual battery capacity is greater than zero, the automobile can be started only if the residual battery capacity is greater than a critical value, and the critical value is defined as a capacity critical value; 3 segment values SOC are sequentially arranged between zero and the critical value of electric quantity1、SOC2、SOC3The segment value is used as a demarcation point to divide the power shortage degree of the battery into four grades according to the residual electric quantity of the battery, and the four grades are respectively: class 1, 0 < SOC1(ii) a Class 2, SOC1＜SOC＜SOC2(ii) a Class 3, SOC2＜SOC＜SOC3(ii) a Class 4, SOC3And < SOC < electric quantity critical value.
3. The method for charging a vehicle-use insufficient-current lead-acid battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the remaining capacity of the battery is greater than zero,
the charging mode of the grade 1 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I31；
The charging mode of the level 2 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I32；
The charging mode of the grade 3 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I33；
The charging mode of the level 4 is as follows: charging time t at constant voltage U3 and current limit I34；
Said t is1＞t2＞t3＞t4。
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