CN102569927A - Charging method for lithium ion battery, and charger - Google Patents
Charging method for lithium ion battery, and charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN102569927A CN102569927A CN2011104120189A CN201110412018A CN102569927A CN 102569927 A CN102569927 A CN 102569927A CN 2011104120189 A CN2011104120189 A CN 2011104120189A CN 201110412018 A CN201110412018 A CN 201110412018A CN 102569927 A CN102569927 A CN 102569927A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a charging method for a lithium ion battery, and a charger, and relates to a battery charging technology. The problem that lithium dendritic crystal is precipitated can be solved, so that the safety of the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. The charging method comprises the following steps of: charging, namely charging the lithium ion battery within a preset charging time period at a certain charging rate; discharging, namely discharging the lithium ion battery within a preset discharging time period at a certain charging rate; and circulating the charging step and the discharging step. The embodiment of the invention is applied to charging of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery boosting technology, relate in particular to a kind of charging method and charger of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
The application of lithium ion battery at present more and more widely, lithium ion battery is except being applied to mobile phone, notebook, on the portable equipments such as camera outside, can also be applied to electric bicycle, electric automobile is on the electrical equipments such as electric airplane.The method of charging lithium-ion battery that a kind of constant current constant voltage is arranged in the prior art; Promptly earlier lithium ion battery is carried out constant current charge with constant current; When the charging voltage of lithium ion battery reaches the predeterminated voltage value; Voltage with said predeterminated voltage value size carries out constant voltage charge to lithium ion battery, when the electric current of lithium ion battery is reduced to certain value, stops charging.
State in realization in the process of constant-current constant-voltage charging method; The inventor finds to have following problem in the prior art at least: when under cryogenic conditions, using this charging method to charge, impedance is bigger at low temperatures owing to lithium ion battery, and battery polarization is big; The negative pole current potential is easy to reach the Li dendrite deposition potential; The while lithium ion moves slower under cryogenic conditions, causes GND surface lithium concentration high, the danger that has Li dendrite to separate out.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of charging method and charger of lithium ion battery, can solve the problem that Li dendrite is separated out, thereby improve the fail safe and the useful life of battery.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of charging method of lithium ion battery comprises:
Charge step is charged to lithium ion battery with certain rate of charge in the time in preset charged;
Discharge step was discharged to lithium ion battery with certain discharge-rate in preset discharge time;
Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation.
A kind of charger comprises charhing unit, discharge cell and control unit;
Said charhing unit is used to carry out charge step, with certain rate of charge lithium ion battery is charged in the time in preset charged;
Said discharge cell is used to carry out discharge step, in preset discharge time, with certain discharge-rate lithium ion battery is discharged;
Said control unit is used to control said charger and recycles said charhing unit and said discharge cell.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charging method and charger of lithium ion battery, through carrying out charge step earlier, with certain rate of charge lithium ion battery is charged in the time in preset charged; Carry out discharge step again, in preset discharge time, lithium ion battery is discharged with certain discharge-rate; Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation then; It is bigger to solve under cryogenic conditions battery polarization like this, and the lithium ion migration is slower, the problem of piling up at negative pole; Thereby can solve the problem that Li dendrite is separated out, and then improve the fail safe and the useful life of battery.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The charging method schematic flow sheet of a kind of lithium ion battery that Fig. 1 provides for embodiment 1;
The charging method schematic flow sheet of a kind of lithium ion battery that Fig. 2 provides for embodiment 2;
The charging process sketch map of a kind of concrete lithium ion battery that Fig. 3 provides for embodiment 2;
The structural representation of a kind of charger that Fig. 4 provides for embodiment 3;
The structural representation of the another kind of charger that Fig. 5 provides for embodiment 3.
Embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
Embodiment 1:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, and is as shown in Figure 1, said method comprising the steps of:
101, charge step is charged to lithium ion battery with certain rate of charge in the time in preset charged.
When giving lithium ion cell charging, carry out charge step earlier,, charge to lithium ion battery in the time in preset charged with preset certain rate of charge.
102, discharge step was discharged to lithium ion battery with certain discharge-rate in preset discharge time.
After accomplishing charge step, carry out discharge step, in preset discharge time, discharge to lithium ion battery with preset certain discharge-rate.
Said charge-discharge magnification is meant the size of battery current value in charge and discharge process,, it equals the multiple of battery rated capacity C on data value.
Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation, promptly accomplish 102 continued and carry out 101, so move in circles, and go round and begin again, and finish until charging process.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, through carrying out charge step earlier, with certain rate of charge lithium ion battery is charged in the time in preset charged; Carry out discharge step again, in preset discharge time, lithium ion battery is discharged with certain discharge-rate; Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation then; It is bigger to solve under cryogenic conditions battery polarization like this, and the lithium ion migration is slower, the problem of piling up in negative terminal surface; Thereby can solve the problem that Li dendrite is separated out, and then improve the fail safe and the useful life of battery.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, and is as shown in Figure 2, said method comprising the steps of:
201, charge step is charged to lithium ion battery with certain rate of charge in the time in preset charged.
When giving lithium ion cell charging, carry out charge step earlier,, charge to lithium ion battery in the time in preset charged with preset certain rate of charge.
Wherein, the said preset charged time is 2s～10s, and said rate of charge is 0.2C～0.8C.
202, discharge step was discharged to lithium ion battery with certain discharge-rate in preset discharge time.
After accomplishing charge step, carry out discharge step, in preset discharge time, discharge to lithium ion battery with preset certain discharge-rate.Wherein, the ratio range of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 2: 1～10: 1.Preferably, the ratio of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 5: 1.
Said discharge-rate is 0.2C～0.8C, and said rate of charge is more than or equal to said discharge-rate.
Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation, promptly accomplish 102 continued and carry out 101.
Charge-discharge magnification is meant the size of battery charging and discharging currents in charge and discharge process; It equals the multiple of battery rated capacity C on data value, suppose under 20 ± 5 degree conditions, and in 5 hours, having put electric weight in the battery, to record battery capacity be 500mAH; Promptly being called 1C, promptly is that 100mA～400mA discharges and recharges lithium ion battery with the charging and discharging currents to discharge and recharge that electric multiplying power 0.2C～0.8C discharges and recharges lithium ion battery then.
203, detect the voltage of lithium ion battery.
In carrying out 201～202 lithium ion cell charging process; The voltage of lithium ion battery is along with the carrying out of charging can be increasingly high; Cycle that charger can be scheduled to or irregularly detect the charging voltage of lithium ion battery; When the charging voltage of lithium ion battery reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, then stop charging.Just wherein a kind of situation as shown in Figure 2 detects the charging voltages of lithium ion batteries in discharge step 202 backs, can certainly after charge step 201, carry out voltage detecting.Among Fig. 2, if the charging voltage of lithium ion battery does not reach specified charging cut-ff voltage, then continue step 201, if the charging voltage of lithium ion battery reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, then execution in step 204.
204, if the voltage of lithium ion battery reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, then stop charging.
Wherein said specified charging cut-ff voltage has been preset in the charger, according to the difference of manufacturer and battery material and difference.
The temperature that above-mentioned method of charging lithium-ion battery is suitable for is below 0 degree centigrade.
To use the charging method that the embodiment of the invention provides and the charging method of constant current constant voltage that the ferric phosphate lithium cell of battery capacity as 500mAH charged below, and the result that will charge compare.
Invention example 1: under-10 ℃, charge, be illustrated in figure 3 as the charging process sketch map as if the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention; Charging interval is 5s, and rate of charge is 0.5C, and be 1s discharge time; Discharge-rate is 0.5C, and specified charging cut-ff voltage is 3.6V, carries out the periodicity charging process; When charging voltage reaches 3.6V, stop charging in the charging process, no constant voltage charging process is taken battery apart after charging finishes and is observed the negative terminal surface state in glove box.
Comparative Examples 1: under-10 ℃, if charge with the charging method of constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.5C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Invention example 2: under-20 ℃, charge, be illustrated in figure 3 as the charging process sketch map as if the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention; Charging interval is 5s, and rate of charge is 0.5C, and be 1s discharge time; Discharge-rate is 0.5C, and specified charging cut-ff voltage is 3.6V, carries out the periodicity charging process; When charging voltage reaches 3.6V, stop charging in the charging process, no constant voltage charging process is taken battery apart after charging finishes and is observed the negative terminal surface state in glove box.
Comparative Examples 2: under-20 ℃, if charge with the charging method of constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.5C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Comparative Examples 12: under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, if charge with the charging method of existing constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.5C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Through observing GND surface state and the charging capacity that detects battery, can obtain charging result as shown in table 1:
| Invention example 1 | Comparative Examples 1 | Invention example 2 | Comparative Examples 2 | Comparative Examples 12 |
| Charging capacity | 400mAh | 380mAh | 150mAh | 100mAh | 505mAh |
| With the battery capacity ratio | 80％ | 76％ | 30％ | 20％ | 101％ |
| The negative terminal surface state | Normally | Li dendrite | Normally | Li dendrite | Normally |
Table 1
Rate of charge in above-mentioned all specific embodiments all is 0.5C, is that example compares test with rate of charge 0.8C below:
Invention example 3: under-10 ℃, charge as if the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention, the charging interval is 5s; Rate of charge is 0.8C, and be 1s discharge time, and discharge-rate is 0.8C; Specified charging cut-ff voltage is 3.6V, carries out the periodicity charging process, when charging voltage reaches 3.6V, stops charging in the charging process; No constant voltage charging process is taken battery apart after charging finishes and is observed the negative terminal surface state in glove box.
Comparative Examples 3: under-10 ℃, if charge with the charging method of constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.8C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Invention example 4: under-20 ℃, charge, be illustrated in figure 3 as the charging process sketch map as if the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention; Charging interval is 5s, and rate of charge is 0.8C, and be 1s discharge time; Discharge-rate is 0.8C, and specified charging cut-ff voltage is 3.6V, carries out the periodicity charging process; When charging voltage reaches 3.6V, stop charging in the charging process, no constant voltage charging process is taken battery apart after charging finishes and is observed the negative terminal surface state in glove box.
Comparative Examples 4: under-20 ℃, if charge with the charging method of constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.8C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Comparative Examples 34: under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, if charge with the charging method of existing constant current constant voltage, rate of charge is 0.8C when beginning to charge; When charging voltage reaches charging cut-ff voltage 3.6V; Begin to carry out constant voltage charge, charging voltage is 3.6V, when rate of charge reaches 1/30C; Stop charging, in glove box, take battery apart after charging finishes and observe the negative terminal surface state.
Through observing GND surface state and the charging capacity that detects battery, can obtain charging result as shown in table 2:
| Invention example 3 | Comparative Examples 3 | Invention example 4 | Comparative Examples 4 | Comparative Examples 34 | |
| Charging capacity | ?385mAh | ?300mAh | ?120mAh | ?50mAh | 502mAh |
| With the battery capacity ratio | ?77％ | ?60％ | ?24％ | ?10％ | 101％ |
| The negative terminal surface state | Normally | Li dendrite | Normally | Li dendrite | Normally |
Table 2
Can learn that through observing the negative terminal surface of the lithium ion battery that the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention is charged does not have Li dendrite to separate out, and the negative terminal surface of the lithium ion battery that charges with the charging method of constant current constant voltage there is micro-Li dendrite to separate out.Though still be lower than at room temperature the charging capacity of the lithium ion battery that charges with the charging method of constant current constant voltage through the charging capacity that detects the lithium ion battery to learn that the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention is at low temperatures charged; But the charging capacity of the lithium ion battery that the charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention is equally at low temperatures charged can draw greater than the charging capacity event of the lithium ion battery that charges with the charging method of constant current constant voltage; The charging method that provides with the embodiment of the invention is charged and can be improved the charging capacity of lithium ion battery; Avoid separating out of Li dendrite, improve fail safe and lithium ion battery useful life.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charging method of lithium ion battery, through carrying out charge step earlier, with certain rate of charge lithium ion battery is charged in the time in preset charged; Carry out discharge step again, in preset discharge time, lithium ion battery is discharged with certain discharge-rate; Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation then; It is bigger to solve under cryogenic conditions the lithium ion battery polarization like this, and the lithium ion migration is slower, the problem of piling up at negative pole; Thereby can solve the problem that Li dendrite is separated out, and then improve the fail safe and the useful life of battery.
In addition, this this method can also detect the charging voltage of lithium ion battery, when lithium ion battery voltage reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, stops charging, thereby plays the effect of power saving.
Embodiment 3:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charger, and is as shown in Figure 4, and said charger comprises charhing unit 41, discharge cell 42 and control unit 43.
Charger is when giving lithium ion cell charging, and the charhing unit 41 with charger carries out charge step earlier,, charges to lithium ion battery with the preset charged multiplying power in the time in preset charged.Said rate of charge is lithium ion battery needed current value when in official hour, charging to its rated cell capacity.
Wherein, the said preset charged time is 2s～10s, and said rate of charge is 0.2C～0.8C.
After charhing unit 41 is accomplished charge step, the discharge cell 42 of charger will carry out discharge step, in preset discharge time, discharge to lithium ion battery with preset discharge-rate.Said discharge-rate is lithium ion battery needed current value when in official hour, emitting its rated cell capacity.
Wherein, the ratio range of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 2:1～10: 1.Preferably, the ratio of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 5: 1.
Further, as shown in Figure 5, said charger also comprises voltage detection unit 44, charging stop element 45.
Charging stop element 45 is used for when lithium ion battery voltage reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, stopping charging.
In the lithium ion cell charging process; The voltage of lithium ion battery is along with the carrying out of charging can be increasingly high; The voltage detection unit 44 of charger is used to detect the voltage of lithium ion battery; Said voltage detection unit 44 can be periodically or is constantly detected the charging voltage of lithium ion battery always, when the charging voltage that detects lithium ion battery when voltage detection unit 44 reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, then stops charging.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of charger; Charhing unit through using charger charges to lithium ion battery with certain rate of charge in the time in preset charged; Use the discharge cell of charger in preset discharge time, with certain discharge-rate lithium ion battery to be discharged, and use control unit to recycle said charhing unit and discharge cell, the lithium ion battery polarization is bigger under cryogenic conditions; The lithium ion migration is slower; In the problem of negative pole accumulation, thereby can solve the problem that Li dendrite is separated out, and then improve the fail safe and the useful life of battery.
In addition, this charger can also detect the charging voltage of lithium ion battery, when lithium ion battery voltage reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, stops charging, thereby plays the effect of power saving.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of step that realizes said method embodiment can be accomplished through the relevant hardware of program command; Aforesaid program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium; This program the step that comprises said method embodiment when carrying out; And aforesaid storage medium comprises: various media that can be program code stored such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or CD.
The above; Be merely embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; Can expect easily changing or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of said claim.
Claims (10)
1. the charging method of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that, comprising:
Charge step is charged to lithium ion battery with certain rate of charge in the time in preset charged;
Discharge step was discharged to lithium ion battery with certain discharge-rate in preset discharge time;
Said charge step and said discharge step are carried out in circulation.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said preset charged time is 2s～10s, and the ratio range of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 2: 1～10: 1;
Said rate of charge is 0.2C～0.8C, and said discharge-rate is 0.2C～0.8C, and said rate of charge is more than or equal to said discharge-rate.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the ratio of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 5: 1.
4. according to each described method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Detect the voltage of lithium ion battery
If the voltage of lithium ion battery reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, then stop charging.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the temperature that said method is suitable for is below 0 degree centigrade.
6. a charger is characterized in that, comprises charhing unit, discharge cell and control unit;
Said charhing unit is used to carry out charge step, with certain rate of charge lithium ion battery is charged in the time in preset charged;
Said discharge cell is used to carry out discharge step, in preset discharge time, with certain discharge-rate lithium ion battery is discharged;
Said control unit is used to control said charger and recycles said charhing unit and said discharge cell.
7. charger according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the said preset charged time is 2s～10s, and the ratio range of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 2: 1～10: 1;
Said rate of charge is 0.2C～0.8C, and said discharge-rate is 0.2C～0.8C, and said rate of charge is more than or equal to said discharge-rate.
8. charger according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the ratio of said preset charged time and said preset discharge time is 5: 1.
9. according to each described charger of claim 6～8, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage of lithium ion battery;
The charging stop element is used for when lithium ion battery voltage reaches specified charging cut-ff voltage, stopping charging.
10. charger according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the temperature that said charger is suitable for is below 0 degree centigrade.
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| CN104935020A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Wireless charging system for electric vehicle and wireless charging method thereof |
| CN106168652A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-30 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | The detection method of performance of lithium ion battery |
| CN107104249A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-29 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | Method of charging lithium-ion battery |
| CN108475935A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-08-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of battery charging management method and terminal |
| CN108544973A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-09-18 | 上海牛仁汽车有限公司 | The control method of new energy car battery and its battery operated mode |
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| WO2023035158A1 (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-16 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for charging power battery and battery management system |
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| CN113875112A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-31 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Charging method, electronic device, and storage medium |
| WO2023035158A1 (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-16 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for charging power battery and battery management system |
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Application publication date: 20120711 |