CN107817567B - Omnidirectional observation window structure - Google Patents
Omnidirectional observation window structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107817567B CN107817567B CN201711092611.3A CN201711092611A CN107817567B CN 107817567 B CN107817567 B CN 107817567B CN 201711092611 A CN201711092611 A CN 201711092611A CN 107817567 B CN107817567 B CN 107817567B
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- shell
- sensor
- frame
- shaft
- fixing ribs
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001444 catalytic combustion detection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/007—Pressure-resistant sight glasses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
- G02B27/022—Viewing apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an omnidirectional observation window structure, which comprises: a plurality of glass window covers are circumferentially arranged on the fixed shell; the left sensor and the right sensor are horizontally arranged, are arranged on a rotatable frame-shaped azimuth shaft and are connected with the frame-shaped azimuth shaft through a pitching driving mechanism. The top of the shell is closed, a plurality of fixing ribs are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell, a plurality of observation windows are formed on the side face of the shell by the fixing ribs, and the glass window cover is fixedly installed between the fixing ribs in a sealing mode. By adopting a scheme of a plurality of sensors which are rotatable and pitching, the panoramic image can be reliably obtained. The invention has no dynamic sealing structure, all static sealing and high reliability. The rotary weight is light, inertia is small, and compared with the structure of the rotary shell, the rotary shell can reduce motor power, reduce power consumption and improve positioning speed and precision. The whole height is shorter, and meets the occasion of special requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an observation window structure of photoelectric equipment, in particular to an omnidirectional observation window structure.
Background
The observation window is transparent, and needs to protect glass, usually quartz or glass made of silicon, germanium and the like, so that the purposes of dust prevention, rainwater prevention and salt fog prevention can be achieved. For the observation window products used under water, certain pressure needs to be born, sealing is needed, and the glass thickness also needs to meet the pressure-resistant requirement. The shape of the protective glass can be a flat plate, a spherical surface and a cylindrical surface, the most practical is a plane glass window cover, the processing is simple, the cost is low, the incident light is refracted twice and then goes out of the glass, the image is free from distortion, and the optical principle is feasible. The spherical surface can be observed in a large view field angle, accords with the optical principle of a lens, has high processing cost and is used in special occasions; the cylindrical glass is convenient to shape and process, can be free of shielding around, does not accord with an optical imaging mechanism, requires complex optical compensation and image software processing in special application, still has image distortion, and is generally not recommended to use.
In the conventional observation instrument, 360-degree azimuth observation (pitching is generally limited angle, such as-10 degrees to 60 degrees), only the shell (rod body) is required to rotate, and a piece of protective glass is required, as shown in fig. 6, at the moment, the image sensor rotates together with the shell. However, the rotating shaft of the structure is required to be provided with an external dynamic seal, so that the structure is airtight and watertight, the structure is complex, the weight size is large, and particularly, the dynamic seal has the risk of water seepage due to the underwater pressure-resistant seal.
If spherical glass is adopted, the top is arranged, the shell is fixed, the internal sensor rotates, and 360-degree non-shielding observation can be achieved, which is divided into 2 cases, namely a hemisphere, and only scenes with pitching of more than 0 degrees can be seen, as shown in fig. 7. Secondly, the hyper-hemisphere can be seen to have a negative angle of minus 10 degrees, as shown in figure 8, but the hemisphere is difficult to process, particularly the hyper-hemisphere has a plurality of problems of extending, clamping and the like of a grinding head, is extremely difficult, has high processing cost, has difficult optical index meeting, has very difficult degree of achieving smooth finish and uniform thickness, and is rarely used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an omnidirectional observation window structure, which can solve the technical problems of unreliable rotation sealing outside a shell or difficult processing of a hemispherical glass window cover in the prior art and can realize omnidirectional non-shielding observation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an omnidirectional viewing window structure, comprising:
a plurality of glass window covers are circumferentially arranged on the fixed shell;
the left sensor and the right sensor are horizontally arranged, are arranged on a rotatable frame-shaped azimuth shaft and are connected with the frame-shaped azimuth shaft through a pitching driving mechanism.
In the preferred scheme, the casing top seal, along the circumference equipartition of casing a plurality of fixed muscle, fixed muscle forms a plurality of observation windows in the casing side, sealed fixed mounting of glass window cover is between fixed muscle.
In the preferred scheme, the observation window is trapezoidal, the glass window cover is correspondingly trapezoidal, dovetail grooves are formed in the fixing ribs, the glass window cover is inlaid between the fixing ribs and is tightly pressed through a pressing frame inserted into the dovetail grooves, and the lower end of the pressing frame is fixedly connected with the shell through positioning screws.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the observation window is larger than the width of the fixing rib.
In a preferred scheme, the number of the observation windows is 4-8.
In a preferred scheme, the left sensor and the right sensor are visible light image sensors or infrared image sensors.
In a preferred embodiment, the pitch drive mechanism has the following structure: the left sensor and the right sensor are arranged in parallel, two sides of the left sensor and the right sensor are connected with the frame-type azimuth shaft through pin shafts, and the pin shafts are connected with pitching motors fixedly arranged on the frame-type azimuth shaft through first transmission mechanisms.
In the preferred scheme, in the first transmission mechanism, the steel belt wheel is fixedly connected with the pin shaft, the driving wheel is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the pitching motor, and the steel belt wheel is connected with the driving wheel through the steel belt.
In the preferred scheme, be equipped with the pivot at the upper end and the lower extreme of frame azimuth axle, the pivot of upper end is rotatable with the top of casing and is connected, the pivot of lower extreme is rotatable with azimuth axle extension board and is connected, azimuth axle extension board and casing fixed connection.
In the preferred scheme, the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the azimuth motor.
According to the omni-directional observation window structure, the panoramic image can be reliably obtained by adopting the scheme that the shell is static and a plurality of sensors capable of rotating and adjusting in pitching are adopted.
The structure of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. and the device has no dynamic sealing structure, all static seals and high reliability.
2. The whole weight is light, and the carrying and the installation are facilitated.
3. The rotary weight is light, inertia is small, and compared with the structure of the rotary shell, the rotary shell can reduce motor power, reduce power consumption and improve positioning speed and precision.
4. The whole height is shorter, and meets the occasion of special requirements.
5. Is convenient for processing.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic front view in half cross section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of fig. 1 in a direction a.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the working state of the sensor in the present invention when the sensor rotates to various angles.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of driving structures of the left sensor and the right sensor in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prior art rotary housing solution.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a prior art hemispherical window covering.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a prior art hyperspherical window covering.
In the figure: the glass window comprises a shell 1, fixing ribs 101, a pressing frame 102, a positioning screw 103, a glass window cover 2, a frame type azimuth shaft 3, a side plate 4, an azimuth shaft support plate 5, a motor support 6, a left sensor 7, a right sensor 8, a steel belt wheel 9, a driving wheel 10, a pitching motor 11, an azimuth motor 12, a steel belt 13, a rod body 1A, a shell 2A, a glass window cover 3A, a sensor 4A, a rotary dynamic seal 5A, a shell 1B, a hemispherical window cover 2B, a sensor 3B, an internal rotation shaft system 4B, a shell 1C, a hyperspherical window cover 2C, a sensor 3C and an internal rotation shaft system 4C.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an omnidirectional observation window structure includes:
a plurality of glass covers 2 are circumferentially arranged on the shell 1;
the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are horizontally arranged between the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8, the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are arranged on the rotatable frame-type azimuth shaft 3, and the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are connected with the frame-type azimuth shaft 3 through a pitching driving mechanism. With this structure, compare with the scheme of rotating the casing, can reduce the rotation moment of torsion of whole sensor assembly, also reduce seal structure's complexity. Compared with the structure of the hemispherical window cover and the structure of the hyperspherical window cover, the scheme of the invention can reduce the complexity of window cover processing.
In the preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 1-3, the top of the shell 1 is closed, a plurality of fixing ribs 101 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell 1, the fixing ribs 101 form a plurality of observation windows on the side surface of the shell, and the glass window cover 2 is fixedly installed between the fixing ribs 101 in a sealing manner. With the structure, the complexity of shell processing is greatly reduced.
In the preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 1-4, the observation window is trapezoidal, the glass window cover 2 is correspondingly trapezoidal, dovetail grooves are formed in the fixing ribs 101, the glass window cover 2 is inlaid between the fixing ribs 101 and is tightly pressed through the pressing frame 102 inserted into the dovetail grooves, and the lower end of the pressing frame 102 is fixedly connected with the shell 1 through the positioning screws 103. With this structure, the sealing is ensured to be reliable, and the appearance is beautiful.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the width of the observation window is larger than the width of the fixing rib 101. With this configuration, the interference of the fixing rib 101 with the sensor can be reduced. The cone-shaped structures emitted by the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 in fig. 4 are simulated light rays, and the broken lines indicate that they are blocked.
In a preferred scheme, the number of the observation windows is 4-8. In this example, 5 to 6 observation windows are preferable, and 5 observation windows are more preferable. As shown in fig. 4a to 4d of fig. 4, the processing difficulty of the present invention is greatly reduced due to the adoption of the case structure of the prism table, but a new technical problem is generated in that the fixing rib 101 for fixing interferes with the image sensor, and the technical problem is overcome by adopting two horizontally arranged image sensors, as shown in fig. 4, because one image sensor is not blocked by the fixing rib 101 due to the angle, so that a panoramic image can be obtained. In particular, in a structure using two image sensors, auxiliary ranging can be performed by utilizing stereoscopic vision on the premise that both the two image sensors are not interfered.
In a preferred embodiment, the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are visible light image sensors or infrared image sensors.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the pitch driving mechanism has the following structure: the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are arranged in parallel and fixedly connected together, two sides of the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 are connected with the frame-shaped azimuth shaft 3 through pin shafts, and the pin shafts are connected with a pitching motor 11 fixedly arranged on the frame-shaped azimuth shaft 3 through a first transmission mechanism.
In the preferred scheme, in the first transmission mechanism, the steel belt wheel 9 is fixedly connected with a pin shaft, the driving wheel 10 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the pitching motor 11, and the steel belt wheel 9 is connected with the driving wheel 10 through a steel belt 13. With this configuration, the pitching operation of the left sensor 7 and the right sensor 8 is realized.
In the preferred scheme, be equipped with the pivot at the upper end and the lower extreme of frame azimuth axis 3, the pivot of upper end is rotatable with the top of casing and is connected, the pivot of lower extreme is rotatable with azimuth axis extension board 5 and is connected, azimuth axis extension board 5 and casing 1 fixed connection. The frame azimuth axis 3 is a frame structure composed of side plates 4, a top plate and a bottom plate on both sides.
In the preferred embodiment, the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the azimuth motor 12, the azimuth motor 12 is fixedly connected with the azimuth shaft support plate 5 through the motor bracket 6, and optionally, the azimuth motor 12 can also be installed at the top of the shell. With the structure, 360-degree rotation observation motion without dead angle of the whole frame-shaped azimuth shaft 3 is realized.
The working mode is as follows: taking a CCD sensor as an example, the following is illustrated when in a horizontal state, i.e., when the pitch angle is 0 °: the right CCD is used for observing the complete image at the azimuth of 0 DEG, the left CCD is blocked, and 2 CCDs can see the complete image until the azimuth reaches 18 DEG, namely, the right CCD is used for observing at 0 DEG to 18 DEG; the right CCD is gradually shielded after 18 degrees, the left CCD is used for switching to observe, and when 54 degrees are reached, 2 CCDs can all see complete images, namely, 18 degrees to 54 degrees are observed by the left CCD, and the like, until 360 degrees are circulated. The following table is provided:
note that: +complete-occlusion
The two CCD sensors are spaced apart by a negligible distance from the viewing distance and can be considered to be the same target. Through azimuth angle feedback, the video is switched rapidly, and the video switching time is ensured to be within 0.2s of the human eye temporary time, so that the aim of panoramic observation is fulfilled. When the pitch is turned down or up, the principle is the same.
According to the size of the angle of view, the size of the window opening and the width of the vertical ribs of the shell are selected. The omnidirectional observation function is realized, and the shell strength is ensured. By adopting the structure, the weight of the whole machine is 15-25 kg.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the technical features described in the present invention can be freely combined without collision. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and the protection scope includes equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An omnidirectional observation window structure, characterized in that it comprises:
a plurality of glass window covers (2) are arranged on the shell (1) along the circumferential direction;
the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are horizontally arranged between the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8), the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are arranged on a rotatable frame-type azimuth shaft (3), and the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are connected with the frame-type azimuth shaft (3) through a pitching driving mechanism;
the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are visible light image sensors or infrared image sensors;
the top of the shell (1) is closed, a plurality of fixing ribs (101) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell (1), the fixing ribs (101) form a plurality of observation windows on the side surface of the shell, and the glass window cover (2) is fixedly arranged between the fixing ribs (101) in a sealing manner;
among the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8), one image sensor is not blocked by the fixing rib (101), so that a panoramic image can be obtained;
the observation window is trapezoidal, the glass window cover (2) is correspondingly trapezoidal, dovetail grooves are formed in the fixing ribs (101), the glass window cover (2) is inlaid between the fixing ribs (101) and is tightly pressed through a pressing frame (102) inserted into the dovetail grooves, and the lower end of the pressing frame (102) is fixedly connected with the shell (1) through positioning screws (103).
2. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 1, wherein: the width of the observation window is larger than that of the fixing rib (101).
3. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 1, wherein: the number of the observation windows is 4-8.
4. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 1, wherein: the structure of the pitching driving mechanism is as follows: the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are arranged in parallel, two sides of the left sensor (7) and the right sensor (8) are connected with the frame-type azimuth shaft (3) through pin shafts, and the pin shafts are connected with pitching motors (11) fixedly arranged on the frame-type azimuth shaft (3) through first transmission mechanisms.
5. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 4, wherein: in the first transmission mechanism, a steel belt wheel (9) is fixedly connected with a pin shaft, a driving wheel (10) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a pitching motor (11), and the steel belt wheel (9) is connected with the driving wheel (10) through a steel belt (13).
6. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 1, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the frame-type azimuth shaft (3) are provided with rotating shafts, the rotating shafts at the upper end are rotatably connected with the top of the shell, the rotating shafts at the lower end are rotatably connected with azimuth shaft support plates (5), and the azimuth shaft support plates (5) are fixedly connected with the shell (1).
7. The omni-directional viewing window structure of claim 6, wherein: the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the azimuth motor (12).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711092611.3A CN107817567B (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2017-11-08 | Omnidirectional observation window structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711092611.3A CN107817567B (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2017-11-08 | Omnidirectional observation window structure |
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| CN107817567A CN107817567A (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| CN107817567B true CN107817567B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
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| CN201711092611.3A Active CN107817567B (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2017-11-08 | Omnidirectional observation window structure |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN112525235A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | Window structure for photoelectric detection device |
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| CN107817567A (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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