CN107815471A - A kind of method of the biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium - Google Patents

A kind of method of the biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium Download PDF

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CN107815471A
CN107815471A CN201711267086.4A CN201711267086A CN107815471A CN 107815471 A CN107815471 A CN 107815471A CN 201711267086 A CN201711267086 A CN 201711267086A CN 107815471 A CN107815471 A CN 107815471A
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fermentation
biomass
cadmium
anaerobic fermentation
nickel
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CN107815471B (en
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张化永
田永兰
韩晓茜
郝和
王中玉
黄海
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North China Electric Power University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method for the biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium for belonging to biomass anaerobic fermentation technical field.The present invention is adding appropriate nickel ion, the mass ratio for adjusting cadmium and nickel is (0.5~1.5) to overcome the problem that the gas producing efficiency of agricultural crop straw containing cadmium is low, gas generation process is unstable into the fermentation system including the biomass containing cadmium before anaerobic fermentation starts:(1.5~2.5), the pH value of zymotic fluid is improved, avoid excessively being acidified, reach the purpose for improving fermentation process stability and gas production；Environmental renovation and bioenergy output are combined together, technology simple and fast, cost is low, and operation maintenance is convenient, and use range is wide, can be applied in the biomass as resources by heavy metal pollution river, Ku Tang, wetland and soil.

Description

A kind of method of the biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass anaerobic fermentation technical field, and in particular to a kind of side of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium Method.
Background technology
Environmental contaminants, in fact it is to place the resource of incorrect amount in incorrect time and place.It is dirty in numerous environment Contaminate in recovery technique, restoration of the ecosystem is considered as a kind of practicable environmental improvement skill because its is inexpensive and environment-friendly Art, be particularly suitable for use in developing country.Ecological reestablishment repairs the importance day in field in water body and heavy metal pollution of soil Gradually protrude, but the problem of the processing and disposal of biological material caused by repair process are one important, limit ecology and repair The popularization of recovering technology.Anaerobic fermentation is carried out using the plant of these heavy metal pollutions, on the one hand can be another with output bioenergy Aspect can avoid secondary pollution problem caused by phytoma decomposition again.
For anaerobic fermentation process, methane phase process is most one of enzyme path rich in metal, and the activity of methanogen can To be promoted by various heavy, but all methanogens are required for cobalt, nickel and iron, for minor metallic element, such as cadmium The research of influence to anaerobic fermentation process microorganism and enzyme and understanding are then considerably less.Cadmium has been reported as the whole world into soil Most wide metal is spread, because industrial production, agricultural irrigation and other mankind's activities, the soil of large area are heavy metal-polluted Dye, existence and the normal growth of plant and microorganism are not only endangered, animal is endangered by food chain enrichment, while this phenomenon is Through the health and the mankind itself that have jeopardized the ecosystem.
Influence report about the anaerobic fermentation process containing cadmium is seldom.Zhang et al. report rape containing cadmium, corn, oat, Wheat and sugar grass have certain bioenergy ability (H.Zhang, Y.Tian, L.Wang, L.Zhang, L.Dai, Ecophysiological characteristics and biogas production of cadmium- contaminated crops,Bioresour.Technol.146(2013)628–636.)；Et al. result of study Show, the corn of cadmium pollution does not have inhibitory action (M. to anaerobic fermentation processJ.P.Máchal,T.M.E.et al.,Biogas production of phytoremediation plants contaminated with cadmium,НАУЧНИТРУДОВЕНАРУСЕНСК ИЯУНИВЕРСИТЕТ.53(2014)174–174.)；Cadmium can activate marine Archaea acetic acid methane eight and fold ball Methane phase process (E.Lira-Silva, the M.G.Santiago-Mart í of Pseudomonas (Methanosarcina acetivorans) nez,V.Hernández-Juárez,R.García-Contreras,R.Moreno-Sánchez,R.Jasso-Chávez,et al.,Activation of methanogenesis by cadmium in the marine archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans.,PLoS One.7(2012)5225–5235.).Overall embody of existing report contains The problem of cadmium biomass anaerobic fermentation process stability has much room for improvement, and gas production has much room for improvement.
So far, the regulation and control to the process stability of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium and improve gas production technology not yet Appear in the newspapers.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of method of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium, concrete technical scheme is：
A kind of method of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium comprises the following steps：Into the fermentation system including the biomass containing cadmium Nickel is added, then carries out anaerobic fermentation.
The nickel is added in the form of nickel salt.
The mass ratio of cadmium and nickel is (0.5~1.5) in the fermentation system:(1.5~2.5), and the mass concentration of cadmium is not More than 1.0mg/L；Preferably, the mass ratio of cadmium and nickel is 1 in fermentation system:2.
The fermentation system also includes feces of livestock and poultry, wherein the dry biomass of biomass containing cadmium and feces of livestock and poultry ratio is (1 ~2):(1~2), and mixed material carbon-nitrogen ratio scope is 20~30:1；Preferably, the dry of biomass containing cadmium and feces of livestock and poultry Matter mass ratio is 1:1.
The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 54 DEG C~56 DEG C, and fermentation time is 15~28 days.
Methods described also includes：Ferment before filler, fermentation tank is subjected to high-temp steam sterilizing.
Methods described also includes：In fermentation charging completion, emptying fermentation tank after air, charging aperture is closed immediately, is detested Aerobe fermentation.
Application of the described method in the recycling of cadmium pollution biomass.
The application is to prepare biogas.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) the problem of resource utilization rate of the invention for heavy metal pollution biomass is low, in order to overcome farming containing cadmium The problem that thing stalk gas producing efficiency is low, gas generation process is unstable, to the fermentation including the biomass containing cadmium before anaerobic fermentation starts Appropriate nickel ion is added in system, the mass ratio for adjusting cadmium and nickel is (0.5~1.5):(1.5~2.5), improve the pH of zymotic fluid Value, avoids excessively being acidified, and reaches the purpose for improving fermentation process stability and gas production.
(2) environmental renovation and bioenergy output are combined together by the present invention, and technology simple and fast, cost is low, operation Easy to maintenance, use range is wide, embodies the theory of contamination control biology, can be applied to by heavy metal pollution river, Ku Tang, In the biomass as resources of wetland and soil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process cumulative gas production of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium of addition nickel.
Fig. 2 is the process pH value of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium of addition nickel.
Fig. 3 is anaerobic fermentation experimental provision of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples facilitate a better understanding of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Anaerobic fermentation experimental provision as shown in Figure 3, using automatic stirring stainless steel fermentation system, tank body total measurement (volume) is 30L, swept volume 20L, anaerobic fermentation specific steps include：
(1) fermentation tank carries out high-temp steam sterilizing：The moisture in fermentation tank heat-insulation layer is emptied, connects steam generator, is used Steam generator provides steam, heating insulation layer, and adjustment steam enters and exclusion speed, the temperature in raising fermentation tank to 121 DEG C, 30min is maintained, afterwards steam off generator and terminal valve, complete sterilizing.
(2) feed liquid is added into fermentation tank by charging aperture, (total solid concentration is hair for 8% for the total solid concentration of feed liquid Ferment raw material dry weight/(fermentation raw material dry weight+water weight)), stir evenly and place 2h, make zymotic fluid stable system.
Wherein, feed liquid is added by fermentation raw material and deionized water according to the ratio of total solid concentration 8%, then adds cadmium (CdCl2·21/2H2O) obtain, the mass concentration for adjusting cadmium is 1mg/L.
Fermentation raw material is mixed from maize straw with cow dung.Corn root above section is chosen, is switched to 5-10cm length on the spot, Transport laboratory back, 24h is dried under the conditions of 70 DEG C in baking oven, the maize straw of drying is ground with pulverizer, cross 0.5mm standards Soil sieve.Cow dung is derived from the fresh cow dung of milk cow.Maize straw and the dry biomass of cow dung ratio are 1:1.
(3) mass concentration that nickel is added into fermentation tank is 2.0mg/L nickel salt, and fermentation system is added into the form of villaumite (NiCl2·6H2O)。
(4) inflated with nitrogen (N in backward fermentation tank is completed in charging2) 5min, to expel the air in fermentation tank, after close immediately Charging aperture, anaerobic fermentation start；Fermentation temperature is set as 55.0 ± 1.0 DEG C, and fermentation time is 28 days.
(5) anaerobic fermentation performance characterization：Daily 09 in fermentation process:The pH and gas production data on the 00 record same day, to Characterize anaerobic fermentation process stability and gas production.
The anaerobic fermentation not add nickel is used as control simultaneously.
Fermentation process cumulative gas production such as Fig. 1, fermentation pH change procedure such as Fig. 2.
After everfermentation, the cumulative gas production of addition 2.0mg/L nickel after fermentation systems is 396.00mL/g TS, higher than same The fermentation system gas production (180.20mL/g TS) 119.76% of nickel is not added Deng under the conditions of.Add 2.0mg/L nickel after fermentation bodies The mean ph value 7.21 of system, higher than not nickeliferous fermentation system mean ph value 0.52, the pH value of addition nickel after fermentation system more connects Weakly acidic pH, belong to methanogen optimum pH scope (6.7-7.4)；And addition nickel after fermentation system pH amplitude of variation is small, hair Ferment system is more stable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium prepares biogas, comprises the following steps：
(1) fermentation tank carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, and step is the same as embodiment 1.
(2) added into fermentation tank by fermentation raw material, deionized water and nickel (with NiCl2·6H2O is added) be formulated Feed liquid, the total solid concentration of feed liquid is 8% (total solid concentration is fermentation raw material dry weight/(fermentation raw material dry weight+water weight)), is stirred evenly 2h is placed, makes zymotic fluid stable system；The fermentation raw material includes biomass containing cadmium and cow dung, and both dry biomass ratios are 1:1；
(3) inflated with nitrogen (N in backward fermentation tank is completed in charging2) 5min, to expel the air in fermentation tank, after close immediately Charging aperture, anaerobic fermentation, gas caused by collection are carried out at 55.0 DEG C.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of method of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the following steps：
Nickel is added into the fermentation system including the biomass containing cadmium, then carries out anaerobic fermentation.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the nickel is added in the form of nickel salt.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the fermentation system mass ratio of cadmium and nickel for (0.5~ 1.5):(1.5~2.5), and the mass concentration of cadmium is no more than 1.0mg/L.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the fermentation system also includes feces of livestock and poultry, wherein containing cadmium The dry biomass of biomass and feces of livestock and poultry ratio is (1~2):(1~2), and mixed material carbon-nitrogen mass ratio is 20~30:1.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 54 DEG C~56, DEG C fermentation Time is 15~28 days.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：Ferment before filler, fermentation tank is entered Row high-temp steam sterilizing.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：Fermentation charging is completed, emptying fermentation In tank after air, charging aperture is closed immediately, carries out anaerobic fermentation.
8. application of the method described in claim any one of 1-7 in the recycling of cadmium pollution biomass.
9. application according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the application is to prepare biogas.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108588131A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 华北电力大学 A method of the aerogenesis of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium
CN110004185A (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-12 华北电力大学 A kind of method that composition metal pollution Alfalfa recycles
CN113145635A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-23 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Microbial remediation equipment and remediation method suitable for contaminated soil

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CN106591378A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-04-26 北京大学深圳研究生院 Method for carrying out anaerobic digestion by using heavy metal ions-rich biomass waste materials

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108588131A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 华北电力大学 A method of the aerogenesis of biomass anaerobic fermentation containing cadmium
CN110004185A (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-12 华北电力大学 A kind of method that composition metal pollution Alfalfa recycles
CN110004185B (en) * 2019-03-13 2021-02-02 华北电力大学 Method for recycling alfalfa polluted by composite metal
CN113145635A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-23 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Microbial remediation equipment and remediation method suitable for contaminated soil

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