CN107815430B - 一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株bw02和其用途 - Google Patents
一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株bw02和其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株BW02和其用途。该菌株保藏编号为CGMCC No.10354,其16SrRNA序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。本发明筛选的菌株BW02具有高效芘降解功能,该菌株在中性和偏碱性条件下具有良好的降解性能,对于氧气需求量相对较低,于15℃低温环境、盐浓度3%时芘降解率高,适合海底环境,对于海洋沉积污染物中的多环芳烃具有良好降解作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株BW02和其用途。
背景技术
多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons简称PAHs):是指2个及2个以上苯环相互结合,以线状、角状或簇状排列而成的稠环化合物,基本单位为苯环,结构稳定不易降解,并且能够通过生物积累作用以及生物放大作用对人类的生产及生活造成严重健康危害。含有2-3个苯环,被称为低分子量PAHs(Low-molecular-weight,简称LMW-PAHs),如萘、蒽和菲。带有4-6个苯环的高分子量PAHs(High-molecular-weight,简称HMW-PAHs),如芘、苯并R和苯并[a]芘等。芘由四个苯环组成,是高环多环芳烃的代表物,其本身对细胞不产生毒性,摄入人体通过代谢形成醒类化合物,该类物质具有强致癌性。一般来说,高分子量的PAHs化学结构稳定,难以被一般微生物所利用。
近些年来,随着工业的迅猛发展,石油、煤、天然气等自然资源开发利用急剧加快,环境中的多环芳烃污染有着明显的上升趋势。迄今已发现200多种多环芳烃类化合物。其中海洋沉积物、陆地土壤中与空气中均含有大量的多环芳烃,因其具有高度的稳定性、难降解、毒性强,且具有累积效应等危害受到环境科学者的广泛关注,许多国家和地区把多环芳烃类物质列为严重的环境污染物之一,美国环保局更是在二十世纪八十年代初已将16株未带有分支的PAHs确定为环境中优先控制污染物。自然界(土壤污染物,海洋沉积污染物)中存在许多对多环芳烃有降解作用的微生物,这些微生物具有分布广泛、代谢类型多样、降解能力高效、代谢产物多样、环境适应稳定性较强以及遗传可变性高等优点,因而成为研究生物降解的热点。但不同的微生物降解能力不同,降解机制也各不相同,因此寻找最适宜降解芘的菌株引起了越来越多研究者的关注。
发明内容
本发明为弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株BW02和其用途。
一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株BW02,拉丁文学名为Rhodococcusqingshengii。其16SrRNA序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。所述的菌株BW02采集于大连新港石油污染海域,富集分离所得。所述的具有芘降解功能的低温细菌BW02已提交保藏,具体保藏信息如下:
保藏单位名称:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC);
保藏单位地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所;
保藏日期:2015年01月13日;
保藏编号:CGMCC No.10354;
本发明第二个目的请求保护上述菌株BW02在高效降解多环芳烃芘上的应用。
本发明第三个目的请求保护上述菌株BW02降解芘的方法,步骤为:
1)向锥形瓶加入ASM培养基,于pH 7.5,121℃灭菌30min;
2)向灭好菌的ASM培养基中分别加入微量元素溶液0.5ml和芘,使芘最终浓度为1mg/ml;
3)选取菌龄为48h的菌株制备菌悬液,控制菌株的菌体浓度109cfu/ml,以8%的接种量接入芘含量为1mg/ml的ASM培养基中,模拟海底环境厌氧条件,调节培养基pH7.5,于15℃静置培养15d。
进一步的,所述ASM培养基配方:
NaCl:30g,NH4NO3:1g,KH2PO4:0.2245g,Na2HPO4·12H2O:5g,天然海水1000ml,微量元素溶液:10ml。
进一步的,所述微量元素溶液配方:CaCl22mg,FeCl·6H2O 50mg,CuSO40.5mg,MnCl·4H2O 0.5mg,ZnSO4·7H2O 10mg,蒸馏水1000ml。
本发明筛选的菌株BW02具有高效芘降解功能,该菌株在中性和偏碱性条件下具有良好的降解性能,对于氧气需求量相对较低,于15℃低温环境、盐浓度3%时芘降解率高,适合海底环境,对于海洋沉积污染物中的多环芳烃具有良好降解作用。
附图说明
图1菌株BW02菌落形态;
图2菌株BW02电镜扫描形态;
图3菌株BW02的系统发育树的构建;
图4菌株BW02的生长曲线;
图5菌龄对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图6接种量对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图7不同pH,温度与转速对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图8NaCl浓度对菌株BW02芘降解特性的影响;
图9时间对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图10无机氮源对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图11Na2HPO4浓度对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;
图12菌株BW02对芘的降解过程中产生代谢产物。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和具体实施例详述本发明,但不限制本发明的保护范围。如无特殊说明,本发明所采用的实验方法均为常规方法,所用实验器材、材料、试剂等均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
菌株BW02培养
LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨(Tryptone)10g;琼脂(Agar)15g;酵母浸粉(YeastExtract)5g,NaCl 10g,去离子水1L,调节pH至7.0,液体培养基则不添加琼脂。
ASM无机盐培养(g/L):NaCl 30g;MgSO4,0.35g;NH4NO31g;KCI 0.7g,Na2HPO4.12H2O5g;KH2PO40.2245g;pH7.5,最后加100ul微量元素溶液。
微量元素溶液(mg/L):CaCl22mg;FeCl3.6H2O5mg;GuSO40.5mg;MnCl2.4H200.5mg;ZnSO4.7H2O 10mg;蒸馏水1000ml。
将纯化后的菌株接种到LB固体培养基上培养48h后观察其菌落形态。同时将适当浓度待测菌株菌悬液滴于5mm×4mm的硅片上,用2.5%的戊二醛固化2-4h,然后用pH=7.3的磷酸缓冲液洗涤,乙醇梯度脱水,最后采用乙酸异戊酯进行置换,真空干燥,用扫描电子显微镜(日立S-4800场发射)进行菌体观察。
(1)菌落形态特征
菌株BW02的菌落形态为:在LB培养基上培养7天后,菌落圆形凸起,黄粉色,表面光滑湿润,边缘整齐。
(2)菌株形态及其生理生化特性
如图1所示,高效芘降解菌株BW02革兰氏阳性,在LB固体培养基上呈橘黄色,表面湿润光滑凸起,边缘整齐,不透明。如图2所示,菌体为杆状,非成对出现,无鞭毛,长约0.8-2μm,宽约0.3-0.6μm。菌株BW02可以蔗糖、乳糖、糊精为唯一碳源,不能利用海藻糖、菊粉及甘露醇。(G+C)mol%为59.1%。在NaCl浓度0-20%范围内均能生长,最适NaCl浓度3%,生长的温度范围4-30℃,最适温度范围15-20℃,pH范围4.5-10.5,最适pH7.0-8.0,
利用16SrRNA序列构建菌株BW02系统发育树(图3),菌株BW02和Rhodococcusqingshengii和Rhodococcus degradans亲缘关系最近,同源性高达98.03%,结合菌株的形态特征及生理生化特征分析,菌株BW02经鉴定R.qingshengii。
实施例2
高效芘降解菌株BW02的生长曲线的测定
实验采用可见分光光度法值法测定芘的高效降解菌株生长曲线,检测波长600nm,以无菌的液体培养基作为空白对照,分别检测在6,12,18,24,36,42,54,66,72,78,84h所对应的OD600。每份样品测定三次,取平均值(若菌悬液浓度太浓,应做适当稀释,使OD600值小于1)。
菌株BW02在适合的条件下,菌体生长会出现4个阶段,延滞期、对数期、稳定期、衰亡期。实验结果表明:0-20h为延滞期,菌体生长缓慢;20-60h为对数期,菌体迅速生长;60-90h为稳定期,菌体生长逐渐趋于平稳。如图4。
实施例3
菌龄对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
根据生长曲线分别选取了菌龄为24h,48h,72h,96h的菌株作为研究对象,制备菌株BW02的菌悬液,调节菌体浓度cfu/ml=109。以4%的接种量分别接入芘含量为1mg/ml的50mlASM液体培养基中,调节pH7.5,15℃静置培养15d,每个样品做3个平行,以不接菌为空白对照,采用气相色谱法测定不同菌龄对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响。
实验选取菌株BW02(红球菌属)不同时期的菌龄,分别为24h,48h,72h,96h的菌株进行分析,如图5所示菌龄为48h时降解性能最佳,可达60%以上。
实施例4
接种量对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
制备菌株BW02的菌悬液,调节菌体浓度cfu/ml=109。分别以1%,2%,4%,6%,8%,12%的接种量分别接入芘含量为1mg/ml的50mlASM液体培养基中,调节pH7.5,15℃静置培养15d,每个样品做3个平行,以不接菌为空白对照,采用气相色谱法测定不同接种量对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响。
接种量于1%-4%时,降解率明显迅速增长;当接种量为4%-8%时,芘的降解率缓慢增加,当接种量达到8%时,芘的降解率达到最高,此后随着接种量的逐步增加,降解率不会继续增长,逐渐趋于平稳。
实施例5
pH,温度,转速,盐浓度对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
制备菌株BW02的菌悬液,调节菌体浓度cfu/ml=109。以4%的接种量分别接入芘含量为1mg/ml的50mlASM液体培养基中,调节pH分别为6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,15℃静置培养15d,每个样品做3个平行,以不接菌为空白对照,采用气相色谱法测定不同pH值对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;另外采用相同的方法,在pH分别为7.5时,温度分别为10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃,35℃时,测定不同温度对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响;在15℃,pH7.5,调节转速分别为50rpm/min,100rpm/min,150rpm/min,200rpm/min,振荡培养15d,测定不同转速对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响。
比较不同pH值,温度,转速对菌株BW02芘降解主要性能的影响,如图7,在pH为7.5时降解效果最佳(图7A);在15℃时菌株BW02对芘的降解效果最佳(图7B);随着转速提高,菌株BW02对芘的降解率反而减少,说明菌株BW02对氧气的需求量相对较低(图7C)。如图8所示菌株BW02在NaCl浓度3%时,其芘降解活性最高,达到61%。
实施例6
时间对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
制备优异菌株BW02的菌悬液,调节菌体浓度cfu/ml=109。8%的接种量分别接入芘含量为1mg|ml的50mlASM液体培养基中,调节pH7.5,15℃静置培养,分别于4d、6d、8d、10d、16d及20d取样,每个样品做3个平行,以不接菌为空白对照,采用气相色谱法测定不同时间段菌株BW02对芘降解性能的影响。如图9所示0-4d时,降解率迅速增加,第8d后降解率增加较缓,16d降解率达到最大,其后降解率趋于平稳。
实施例7
不同无机氮源对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
实验选取三种不同的无机氮源NH4Cl,NaNO3,NH4NO3,按照上面完成的优化条件培养,测定不同的无机氮源对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响。采用气相色谱分析法,分析添加0.5g/L无机氮源NH4Cl,NaNO3,NH4NO3对菌株芘降解特性的影响结果表明,添加NH4NO3的培养基最有利于菌株对芘的降解,降解率达到49%(图10)。
实施例8
不同浓度的磷源对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响
根据前面已优化好的培养条件配制培养基,8%的接种量分别接入芘含量为1mg/ml的50mlASM液体培养基中,其中调节Na2HPO4浓度分别为1g/L、3g/L、5g/L、7g/L、9g/L。调节pH7.5,15℃静置培养16d以后,采用气相色谱法分析不同浓度的Na2HPO4对菌株BW02芘降解性能的影响。
PO3-是菌体生长的必须的离子之一,通常情况下PO3-常情对菌体生长都有着重要作用,由图11可以看出,当Na2HPO4浓度为3g/L时,菌株BW02对芘的降解率最高,降解率达到55.23%。
实施例9
菌株BW02芘降解中间代谢产物的测定
采用GC-MS方法,用0.22um耐有机溶剂滤膜过滤石油醚萃取液。将滤液适当稀释,进行GC-MS分析,以测定芘的系列中间代谢产物。GC-MS条件:进样口采取分流模式,分流比为20:1,非极性气相色谱柱(Rxi-5Sil,HP-5)。进样口温度为300℃,FID温度为250℃,程序升温初始柱温为100℃,保持2min,然后以8℃/min程序升温到220℃,保持10min,再以6℃/min程序升温到280℃,保持10min。
通过GC-MS分析,检测到菌株BW02对芘的降解过程中产生一系列代谢产物,母体化合物(芘)洗脱时间为20.472min,第一种代谢产物出现在20.090min,基峰在218(100%),与谱库相对比,确定该种物质为1-Hydroxy prene。第二种代谢物在20.113min出现,基峰(m/z)在208(100%),与质谱里面的数据相比较确定该物质为1-Methoxy phenanthrene.气相色谱-质谱库中第三个代谢产物出现在17.365min,基峰在149(100%),与MS谱库相比,确定该物质为Benzoic acid.第四个代谢产物所示出现在27.644min,基峰为(100%),与MS库中的标准Pentanoic acid吻合。
实施例10
菌株BW02芘及多环芳烃降解性能测定
1)150ml的锥形瓶加入ASM培养基50ml/瓶121℃灭菌30min;
ASM培养基配方:
NaCl:30g,NH4NO3:1g,KH2PO4:0.2245g,Na2HPO4·12H2O:5g,天然海水1000ml,微量元素溶液:10ml,pH 7.5。灭菌温度121℃30min。
微量元素溶液配方:
CaCl<sub>2</sub> | FeCl.6H<sub>2</sub>O | CuSO<sub>4</sub> | MnCl.4H<sub>2</sub>O | ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O | 蒸馏水 |
2mg | 50mg | 0.5mg | 0.5mg | 10mg | 1000ml |
2)将灭好菌的培养基中分别加入芘及其它多环芳烃(菲、萘、蒽),使最终浓度为1mg/ml及微量元素溶液0.5ml;
3)选取菌龄为48h的菌株制备菌悬液,控制菌株的菌体浓度109cfu/ml,以8%的接种量接入芘含量为1mg/ml的ASM液体培养基中,调节pH7.5;
4)以不加菌的空白ASM培养基(添加了1mg/ml芘)为对照;
5)于15℃静置培养15d,实验重复三次;
6)芘及其他多环芳烃降解率的测定方法:
培养液结束后,采用石油醚分三次进行萃取培养液,定容到30ml,并将萃取液低温密封保存,以备气相色谱分析。
采用气相色谱法测定芘的含量,所用仪器为岛津-2010气相色谱仪,配备FID检测器,Rts-1毛细管柱,测定条件如下:进样口温度为300℃,检测器温度为300℃,起始柱温50℃。以15℃/min程序升温到250℃,保持10min;载气氮气,分流进样,分流比10:1,进样量1ul。气相色谱法定量方法:以未接菌的ASM无机盐培养基作为对照,降解率D%=(CCK-Cf)/CCK×100%,其中CCK为对照处理组芘浓度,Cf为经菌处理后芘或其他多环芳烃浓度。
如表1所示多环芳烃降解情况可知,菌株BW02对于芘表现出高效的降解性能。
表1多环芳烃降解情况
序列表
SEQ ID No.1(菌株BW02(Rhodococcus qingshengii)的16S rRNA序列):
ACGAGCGGCGAACGGGTGACTAACACGTGGGTGATCTGCCCTCCACTTCGGGATAAGCCTGGCAAACTGGGTCTAATACCGCATATGACCTCCTATCGCATGGTGCGTGGTGGAAAGATTTATCGCTGCAGGATGGGCCCGCGGCCTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGCGTAATGGCCTACCAAGGCGACGACGGGTAGCCGACCTGAGAGGGTGACCGGCCACACTGGGACTGACACACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGCACAATGGGCGAAAGCCTGATGCAGCGACGCCGCGTGAGCGATGACGGCCTTCGGGTTCTAAACCTCTTTCAGCAGGGACGAAGCGCAAGTGACGGTACCTGCAGAAGAAGCACCGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGCTAATACGTAGGGTGCAAGCGTTGTCCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGAGTTCGTAGGCGGTTTGTCGCGTCGTTTGTGAAAACCAGCAGCTCAACTGCTCGCTTGCAGGCGATACGGGCAGACTTGAGTACTGCACGGGAGACTGGAATTCCTGGTCTAGCGGTGAAATGCGCAGATATCAGGAGGAACACCGGTGGCGAAGGCGGGTCTCTGGGCAGTAACTGACGCTGAGGAACGAAAGCGTGGGTAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGCTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGGTGGGCCCTAGGTGTGGGTTCCTTCCACGGAATCCGTGCCGTACCTAACGCATTAAGCGCCCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTAAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGCGGCGCGCACAAGCGGCGGAGCATGTGGATTAATTCGATGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGGTTTGACATATACCGGATAGCTGCAGAGATGTGGCCCGCCTTGTGGTCGGTATACAGGTGGTGCATGGCTGACGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCGGCAACGAGCGCAACGCCTATCTTATGTTGCCAGCACGTTATGGTGGGGACTCGTAAGAGACTGCCGGGGTCAACTCAGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAACTCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCCAGGGCTTCACACATGCTACAATGGCCAGTACAGAGGGCTGCGAGACCGTGAGGTGGAGCGAATCCCTTAAAGCTGGTCTCAGTTCGGATCGGGGTCTGCAACTCGACCCCGTGAAGTCGGAGTCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAGCAACGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACGTCATGAAAGTCGGTAACACCC
序列表
<110> 大连民族大学
<120> 一株具有低温耐盐高效芘降解功能菌株BW02和其用途
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1317
<212> DNA
<213> 庆笙红球菌(Rhodococcus qingshengii)
<400> 1
acgagcggcg aacgggtgac taacacgtgg gtgatctgcc ctccacttcg ggataagcct 60
ggcaaactgg gtctaatacc gcatatgacc tcctatcgca tggtgcgtgg tggaaagatt 120
tatcgctgca ggatgggccc gcggcctatc agcttgttgg tggcgtaatg gcctaccaag 180
gcgacgacgg gtagccgacc tgagagggtg accggccaca ctgggactga cacacggccc 240
agactcctac gggaggcagc agtggggaat attgcacaat gggcgaaagc ctgatgcagc 300
gacgccgcgt gagcgatgac ggccttcggg ttctaaacct ctttcagcag ggacgaagcg 360
caagtgacgg tacctgcaga agaagcaccg gctaactacg tgccagcagc cgcgctaata 420
cgtagggtgc aagcgttgtc cggaattact gggcgtaaag agttcgtagg cggtttgtcg 480
cgtcgtttgt gaaaaccagc agctcaactg ctcgcttgca ggcgatacgg gcagacttga 540
gtactgcacg ggagactgga attcctggtc tagcggtgaa atgcgcagat atcaggagga 600
acaccggtgg cgaaggcggg tctctgggca gtaactgacg ctgaggaacg aaagcgtggg 660
tagcgaacag gattagatac cctgctagtc cacgccgtaa acggtgggcc ctaggtgtgg 720
gttccttcca cggaatccgt gccgtaccta acgcattaag cgccccgcct ggggagtacg 780
gccgcaaggc taaaactcaa aggaattgac ggcggcgcgc acaagcggcg gagcatgtgg 840
attaattcga tgcaacgcga agaaccttac ctgggtttga catataccgg atagctgcag 900
agatgtggcc cgccttgtgg tcggtataca ggtggtgcat ggctgacgtc agctcgtgtc 960
gtgagatgtt gggttaagtc cggcaacgag cgcaacgcct atcttatgtt gccagcacgt 1020
tatggtgggg actcgtaaga gactgccggg gtcaactcag aggaaggtgg ggacgacgtc 1080
aactcatcat gccccttatg tccagggctt cacacatgct acaatggcca gtacagaggg 1140
ctgcgagacc gtgaggtgga gcgaatccct taaagctggt ctcagttcgg atcggggtct 1200
gcaactcgac cccgtgaagt cggagtcgct agtaatcgca gatcagcaac gctgcggtga 1260
atacgttccc gggccttgta cacaccgccc gtcacgtcat gaaagtcggt aacaccc 1359
Claims (4)
1.红球菌(Rhodococcus qingshengii)BW02在降解多环芳烃芘上的应用,其特征在于,所述红球菌BW02的保藏编号为CGMCC No.10354,其16SrRNA序列如SEQ ID No:1所示,能够高效降解多环芳烃芘。
2.一种红球菌BW02降解芘的方法,其特征在于,所述红球菌为权利要求1中的红球菌BW02,降解步骤为:
1)向锥形瓶加入50ml ASM培养基,于pH 7.5,121℃ 灭菌30min;
2) 向灭好菌的ASM培养基中分别加入微量元素溶液0.5ml和芘,使芘最终浓度为1mg/ml;
3) 选取菌龄为48h的菌株制备菌悬液,控制菌株的菌体浓度109cfu/ml,以8%的接种量接入芘含量为1mg/ml的ASM培养基中,调节培养基pH7.5 ,于15℃静置培养15d。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述ASM培养基配方:NaCl:30g ,NH4NO3:1g,KH2PO4:0.2245g ,Na2HPO4·12H2O:5g ,天然海水1000ml ,微量元素溶液:10ml。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述微量元素溶液配方:CaCl2 2mg,FeCl3·6H2O 50mg,CuSO4 0.5mg,MnCl2·4H2O 0.5mg,ZnSO4·7H2O 10mg,蒸馏水 1000ml。
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