CN107814560A - 一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂及其制作方法及其使用方法 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂及其制作方法及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂及其制作方法及其使用方法,以普通成型浆水为基础溶液,以可溶性盐类作为烧结助剂,以具有高强度、高韧性的纳米颗粒作为增强补韧助剂,同时加入一定的浆水性能调节剂,复配形成一种具有良好悬浮性和成型性能的复合增强剂。在陶瓷球坯滚动成型过程中以浆水形式加入本复合增强剂,不但极大降低了球坯在滚动成型阶段的分层、包心和开裂现象,提升了球坯致密度,在产品烧成阶段,复合增强剂中的增强剂和助烧剂还可以起到弥合部分微裂纹、降低气孔率和强化球坯层间结合力的作用,在提高产品抗压强度的同时降低了强度离散性和使用破碎率,面对日益严峻的研磨环境,表现出明显的竞争力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型过程使用的复合增强剂制备及应用。
背景技术
陶瓷研磨球具高强度、耐磨损、污染小等优点,已广泛应用于非金属矿、涂料、油墨、油漆、染料、钛白粉、农药、磁性材料等行业物料的超细研磨与分散行业。随着超细研磨技术的深入发展,超细研磨已经不再是过去“只在乎结果不在乎过程”的时代,成本、效率、能耗逐渐成为生产企业竞争焦点,引发新一轮革新热潮。研磨设备越来越大型化、磨机能量输出日趋密集、研磨介质尺寸却越来越细,而传统研磨球存在的强度低、强度离散性大、容易破碎的问题日益突显,急需改进。
目前,滚制成型法在制备尺寸为0.2mm~20mm的耐磨陶瓷研磨球中已获得了比较广泛的应用。该技术具有设备和生产工艺简单、生产效率高、产品质量好的优势,是一种适合于规模化大生产的工艺技术。在滚动成型过程中,球坯在浆水的润湿作用下,通过不断滚动、相互挤压和相互碰撞,逐渐粘粉长大。球坯成长过程如下:“加入成型浆水-充分滚动-加入粉料-充分滚动”。这种球坯间歇性粘粉层层长大模式对于粉体层间结合力,粉体堆积致密度,球坯强度有着极大要求,特别对于塑性差的产品,成型更加困难,往往存在着球坯致密度差、分层、包心和裂纹等缺陷,这也是造成陶瓷研磨球强度低、强度离散性大、容易破碎的主要原因之一,极大限制了产品性能发挥。
受到滚制成型其原理、设备条件及产品配方组成等硬性限制,部分产品滚动成型困难,业内、往往在滚动成型浆水中添加了PVA、CMC、海藻酸钠等胶黏剂及分散剂以提高其成型性能,但最终的成型效果仍然不理想。我司在陶瓷滚动成型生产上有着近20年的生产实践经验,特别是对于普通陶瓷球成型、瘠性原料陶瓷球成型有着独到见解,针对滚动成型方法本身存在的缺陷和配方组成特点,我司从产品缺陷修复角度出发,通过增强剂和补韧剂的引入,成功开发出一种用于陶瓷研磨球滚动成型的复合增强剂,不但极大降低了球坯在滚动成型阶段的分层、包心和开裂现象,提升了球坯致密度,在产品烧成阶段,由成型浆水引入的增强补韧剂还可以起到修复部分微裂纹、降低气孔率和强化球坯层间结合力的作用,对于产品内部结构有一定的优化作用,在提高产品抗压强度的同时降低了强度离散性和使用破碎率。面对日益严峻的研磨环境,表现出明显的竞争力。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述陶瓷研磨球滚动成型存在的问题,提供了一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型复合增强剂,提高了产品的烧结性能和强度韧性,降低了产品的强度离散性和使用破碎率。
为实现本发明目的,提供了以下技术方案:一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计包括74~92.8wt%基础浆水、2~10wt%烧结助剂、5~15wt%增强补韧助剂以及0.2~1wt%成型浆水性能调节助剂;
烧结助剂:氯化钙、硝酸钙、氯化镁、硝酸镁、氯化钡、硝酸钡、四氯化钛中的一种或组合;
增强补韧助剂:纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆中的一种或组合;
浆水性能调节助剂:分子量2000~10000聚丙烯酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、分子量200~20000聚乙二醇、偏硅酸钠、氨水中的一种或组合;
成型浆水内加入基础浆水含有PVA、CMC、海藻酸胺中的一种或组合。
为实现本发明第二目的,提供一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂制作方法,其特征在于
(1)首先按比例将氯化钙、硝酸钙、氯化镁、硝酸镁、氯化钡、硝酸钡、四氯化钛中的一种或组合溶于水中,搅拌至澄清;
(2)然后将混合溶剂加热到80摄氏度,按照浆水浓度千分之一至千分之四,加入PVA、CMC、海藻酸胺中的一种或组合,在80~100摄氏度的温度下保温并搅拌一小时,至溶液澄清后冷却至室温;
(3)通过氨水调节PH值为8-10,再搅拌加入纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆中的一种或组合;
(4)所得浆液再由聚丙烯酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、聚乙二醇、偏硅酸钠中的一种或组合调配成悬浮液,即得所述的陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂。
为实现本发明第三目的,提供一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂的使用方法,其特征步骤在于:
(1)先在滚动成球机中加入合适数量和尺寸的种球;
(2)然后按照原料的组成特点选择合适的料水比例进行投料加水,常用料水比例为4:1~10:1;
(3)通过雾化喷水装置将所述复合增强剂均匀喷洒在球坯上,加水量由流量计精确控制;
(4)通过定量计量装置和皮带或绞龙传输装置将粉料均匀定量投入滚球机中,使球坯均匀受粉;
(5)加料与加水前后合理设定时间间隔以便球坯在受水受粉后得到充分滚动,常用时间间隔为1~60秒,确保球坯均匀,并赋予球坯一定的强度;
(6)整个投料加水过程为“定量喷浆-充分滚动-定量投粉-充分滚动”循环往复,球坯逐渐滚动长大,到达指定规格后,取出烧结即得成品。
本发明有益效果:主要的创新在于利用可溶性盐类助烧剂在浆水中的溶解性,以溶液的形式引入一定量的助烧剂,降低了助烧剂的颗粒大小,并提高了多种助烧剂在坯体中的均匀分散,产品烧结性能更好;通过在浆水中加入纳米颗粒增韧补强,提高了产品烧结后的强度和韧性;使用浆水调节剂,改善了浆水的成型性和纳米颗粒的分散性。所配制的复合增强剂可大幅降低球坯在滚动成型阶段的分层、包心和开裂现象,提升了球坯致密度,在产品烧成阶段,由成型浆水引入的助烧剂和增强补韧剂还可以提高产品抗压强度,降低产品强度离散性和使用破碎率。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂,各组分在浆水中的重量比为:
氯化钙:5%;
氯化镁:3%;
PVA:0.1%(型号为1788);
纳米氧化铝(粒径d98<300nm):7.5%;
聚乙二醇(分子量为400):0.4%;
六偏磷酸钠:0.1%;
氨水0.2%。
制备方法为:
首先按比例将氯化钙、氯化镁溶于水中,搅拌至澄清;然后将混合溶剂加热到80摄氏度,按照浆水浓度加入PVA,保温5小时并搅拌至澄清无残渣后冷却至室温;通过氨水调节pH值为8-9,再加入纳米氧化铝粉体;所得浆液再加入聚乙二醇、六偏磷酸钠,经充分高速搅拌,配置成悬浮液,即得所述复合增强剂浆水。
使用方法为:
该复合增强剂浆水用于直径2mm莫来石体系陶瓷球(质量百分组成35%高岭土,30%氧化铝,10%石英,5%苏州土,10%长石,5%白云石,3%透辉石,2%滑石)的滚动成型,关键步骤如下,
(1)先在2米直径滚动成球机中加入150kg和0.8-1.0毫米的种球;
(2)然后按照原料的组成特点选择料水比例为5:1进行投料加水;
(3)通过雾化喷水装置将配制好的复合增强剂均匀喷洒在球坯上,单次加水量为0.3kg,加水量由流量计精确控制;
(4)通过定量计量装置和皮带或绞龙传输装置将粉料均匀定量投入滚球机中,使球坯均匀受粉,单次投料量1.5kg;
(5)加料与加水前后合理设定时间间隔以便球坯在受水受粉后得到充分滚动,常用时间间隔为1~60秒,本例优选时间间隔为30秒,以确保球坯均匀,并赋予球坯较好的强度;
(6)整个投料加水过程为“定量喷浆-充分滚动-定量投粉-充分滚动”循环往复,球坯逐渐滚动长大,到达指定规格后,取出即得半成品球坯;
(7)将坯体烧成后得到陶瓷研磨球产品,烧结工艺为:以6℃ /min升温到800℃,保温1h,然后2℃ /min升温到烧结温度1270℃,保温4小时,然后自然冷却到室温。
实施例2:
一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂,各组分在浆水中的重量比为:
硝酸钙:2%;
硝酸镁:2%;
硝酸钡:3%;
CMC:0.3%(分子量为300000);
纳米氧化锆(粒径d98<200nm):10%;
聚乙二醇(分子量为400):0.2%;
聚丙烯酸铵(分子量为6000):0.1%:
制备方法为:
首先按比例将硝酸钙、硝酸镁、硝酸钡溶于水中,搅拌至澄清。然后将混合溶剂加热到80摄氏度,按照浆水浓度加入CMC,保温2小时并搅拌至澄清无残渣后冷却至室温;再加入纳米氧化锆粉体、聚乙二醇和聚丙烯酸铵,高速搅拌配置成悬浮液,即得所述复合增强剂浆水。
使用方法为:
该复合增强剂浆水用于直径2mm硅酸锆体系陶瓷球(质量百分组成为:55%硅酸锆,25%氧化铝,5%石英,9%高岭土,4%白云石,0.5%碳酸钡,1.5%二氧化钛)的滚动成型,关键步骤如下,
(1)先在2米直径滚动成球机中加入120kg和0.6-0.8毫米的种球;
(2)然后按照原料的组成特点选择料水比例为6.5:1进行投料加水;
(3)通过雾化喷水装置将配制好的复合增强剂均匀喷洒在球坯上,单次加水量为0.2kg,加水量由流量计精确控制;
(4)通过定量计量装置和皮带或绞龙传输装置将粉料均匀定量投入滚球机中,使球坯均匀受粉,单次投料量1.3kg;
(5)加料与加水前后合理设定时间间隔以便球坯在受水受粉后得到充分滚动,常用时间间隔为1~60秒,本例优选时间间隔为40秒,以确保球坯均匀,并赋予球坯较好的强度;
(6)整个投料加水过程为“定量喷浆-充分滚动-定量投粉-充分滚动”循环往复,球坯逐渐滚动长大,到达指定规格后,取出即得半成品球坯;
(7)将坯体烧成后得到陶瓷研磨球产品,烧结工艺为:2℃/min 升温到500℃,再10℃ /min升温到900℃,然后2℃ /min 升温到烧结温度1310℃,保温4小时,然后自然冷却到室温。
实施例3:
一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂,各组分在浆水中的重量比为:
氯化钙:2.5%;
氯化镁:5%;
四氯化钛:2%;
PVA:0.2%(型号为2488);
纳米氧化锆(粒径d98<200nm):15%;
聚乙二醇(分子量为20000):0.1%;
偏硅酸钠:0.1%:
氨水0.4%。
制备方法为:
首先按比例将氯化钙、氯化镁、四氯化钛溶于水中,搅拌至澄清,然后将混合溶剂加热到80摄氏度,按照浆水浓度加入PVA,保温5h并搅拌至澄清无残渣后冷却至室温;通过氨水调节PH值为9-10,再加入纳米氧化锆粉体、聚乙二醇和偏硅酸钠,高速搅拌配置成悬浮液,即得所述复合增强剂浆水。
使用方法为:
该复合增强剂浆水用于直径2mm锆铝复合陶瓷球(质量百分组成为:81%氧化铝,15%钇稳定氧化锆(氧化钇质量分数为5%),1%碳酸钙,2%碳酸镁, 0.5%二氧化钛,0.3%二氧化锰,0.2%三氧化二镧)的滚动成型,
(1)先在2米直径滚动成球机中加入100kg和1.0-1.5毫米的种球;
(2)然后按照原料的组成特点选择料水比例为7:1进行投料加水;
(3)通过雾化喷水装置将配制好的复合增强剂均匀喷洒在球坯上,单次加水量为1.5kg,加水量由流量计精确控制;
(4)通过定量计量装置和皮带或绞龙传输装置将粉料均匀定量投入滚球机中,使球坯均匀受粉,单次投料量1.05kg;
(5)加料与加水前后合理设定时间间隔以便球坯在受水受粉后得到充分滚动,常用时间间隔为1~60秒,本例优选时间间隔为20秒,以确保球坯均匀,并赋予球坯较好的强度;
(6)整个投料加水过程为“定量喷浆-充分滚动-定量投粉-充分滚动”循环往复,球坯逐渐滚动长大,到达指定规格后,取出即得半成品球坯;
(7)将坯体烧成后得到陶瓷研磨球产品,烧结工艺为: 10℃ /min升温到1000℃,然后2℃ /min 升温到烧结温度1460℃,保温4小时,然后自然冷却到室温。
实施例4-9:
为了更好对本发明进行阐述说明,本着简明扼要原则,将实施例4-9中所涉及的烧结助剂、增强补韧助剂及浆水性能调节助剂配方以表格形式列举,其他参照上述实施例1、2、3实施(根据所应用的陶瓷球配方不同,对应的实施例也有所不同):其中实施例4、5与实施例1实施方法相同,实施例6、7与实施例2实施方法相同,实施例8、9与实施例3实施方法相同。
详见下表1:
表 1:
为了更好说明本发明的有益效果,在上述实施例1-3的同时,进行了不含复合增强剂的普通浆水成型试验,其他条件保持一致,作为本发明陶瓷坯体复合增强剂的对比试验。对于所制备陶瓷研磨球通过实验室对比测试其断裂韧性、压碎强度和磨耗。其中磨耗测试条件及方法为:在5m/s线速的2L搅拌磨中,加入1200g球,400g水,进行自磨耗测试,实验时间2h。
结果如表2:
表 2:
对比试验结果可知,通过在浆水中加入复合增强剂,烧成后的产品在强度上提高了7-16%,在断裂韧性上提高了6-15%,产品磨耗降低了9-21%,抗破碎能力和耐磨性明显提升,面对日益严峻的研磨环境,表现出明显的优势和竞争力。
本发明的上述实施例只是对本发明的枚举说明,并不能限制本发明,在与本发明权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变和组合,都应认为是本权利要求书范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计包括74~92.8wt%基础浆水、2~10wt%烧结助剂、5~15wt%增强补韧助剂以及0.2~1wt%成型浆水性能调节助剂;
烧结助剂:氯化钙、硝酸钙、氯化镁、硝酸镁、氯化钡、硝酸钡、四氯化钛中的一种或组合;
增强补韧助剂:纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆中的一种或组合;
浆水性能调节助剂:分子量2000~10000聚丙烯酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、分子量200~20000聚乙二醇、偏硅酸钠、氨水中的一种或组合;
成型浆水内加入基础浆水含有PVA、CMC、海藻酸胺中的一种或组合。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂制作方法,其特征在于
(1)首先按比例将氯化钙、硝酸钙、氯化镁、硝酸镁、氯化钡、硝酸钡、四氯化钛中的一种或组合溶于水中,搅拌至澄清;
(2)然后将混合溶剂加热到80摄氏度,按照浆水浓度千分之一至千分之四,加入PVA、CMC、海藻酸胺中的一种或组合,在80~100摄氏度的温度下保温并搅拌一小时,至溶液澄清后冷却至室温;
(3)通过氨水调节PH值为8-10,再搅拌加入纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆中的一种或组合;
(4)所得浆液再由聚丙烯酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、聚乙二醇、偏硅酸钠中的一种或组合调配成悬浮液,即得所述的陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的陶瓷研磨球滚动成型用复合增强剂的使用方法,其特征在于
(1)先在滚动成球机中加入合适数量和尺寸的种球;
(2)然后按照原料的组成特点选择合适的料水比例进行投料加水,常用料水比例为4:1~10:1;
(3)通过雾化喷水装置将所述复合增强剂均匀喷洒在球坯上,加水量由流量计精确控制;
(4)通过定量计量装置和皮带或绞龙传输装置将粉料均匀定量投入滚球机中,使球坯均匀受粉;
(5)加料与加水前后合理设定时间间隔以便球坯在受水受粉后得到充分滚动,常用时间间隔为1~60秒,确保球坯均匀,并赋予球坯一定的强度;
(6)整个投料加水过程为“定量喷浆-充分滚动-定量投粉-充分滚动”循环往复,球坯逐渐滚动长大,到达指定规格后,取出烧结即得成品。
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