CN107806078B

CN107806078B - Soil taking method for soil compactness detection

Info

Publication number: CN107806078B
Application number: CN201710900500.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘洋; 尹碧菊
Original assignee: Hunan Normal University
Current assignee: Guangzhou Guangwu Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-09-28
Filing date: 2017-09-28
Publication date: 2020-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-28
Also published as: CN107806078A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a soil sampling method for detecting soil compactness, which comprises the following steps: cutting a cutting groove in the area to be subjected to soil sampling, wherein the cutting groove separates soil in the cutting groove from peripheral soil in the transverse direction; inserting the soil sampler into the soil in the cutting groove along the vertical direction, and gradually moving along the depth direction of the soil; after the soil is filled into the soil sampler with a preset volume, lifting the soil sampler off the ground; and taking out the soil column in the soil sampler. The soil sampling process of the invention adds the pretreatment procedure of cutting the groove before sampling soil by the soil sampler, namely, a gap is formed between soil in the groove and surrounding soil, when the soil sampler is inserted into the soil in the groove, the wall of the soil sampler can extrude the soil, and part of the soil is extruded into the gap, thereby greatly reducing the resistance of the soil sampler in the soil and facilitating the insertion and extraction of the soil sampler. The traditional soil borrowing process is decomposed into a series of simple procedures, and the method is simple and easy to implement and high in working efficiency.

Description

Soil taking method for soil compactness detection

Technical Field

The invention relates to a mechanized operation process, in particular to a soil taking method for detecting soil compactness.

Background

The method is used for detecting the compactness of a large amount of soil in water conservancy construction, particularly dam construction engineering. The soil compactness detection work is to perform soil compactness analysis on compacted soil (such as compacted by a vibratory roller) by sampling layer by layer in the depth direction, and the soil compactness analysis is the key for inspecting the dam quality.

The cutting ring soil borrowing is an important soil borrowing method for measuring soil physical properties such as soil volume weight, water content, water permeability, compactness and the like. The existing ring cutter soil taking method includes that a ring cutter is hammered into soil of a to-be-detected area, then the ring cutter is used for digging out the soil, and finally a cutting knife is used for trimming redundant soil above and below the ring cutter.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an efficient and simple soil taking method for detecting soil compactness.

The invention provides a soil compaction degree detection soil taking method, which comprises the following steps:

s101, cutting a cutting groove in an area to be subjected to soil sampling, wherein the cutting groove separates soil in the cutting groove from peripheral soil in the transverse direction;

s102, inserting the soil sampler into soil in the cutting groove along the vertical direction, and gradually moving along the depth direction of the soil;

s103, after the soil is filled into the soil sampler with a preset volume, lifting the soil sampler off the ground;

and S104, taking out the soil column in the soil sampler.

Further, the slot is a hollow cylindrical slot.

Further, the inner diameter of the cutting groove is larger than the outer diameter of the soil sampler.

Further, the depth of the cutting groove is larger than the height of the soil sampler.

Further, the wall thickness of the cutting groove is larger than that of the soil sampler.

Further, in step S103, the height of the soil in the soil sampler is observed through the observation window on the soil sampler, and when the height reaches a preset height, the soil fills the soil sampler with a predetermined volume.

Further, in step S103, after soil is filled in the soil sampler by a predetermined volume and before the soil sampler is taken out, an external force is applied to the soil sampler radially inward to cause the soil sampler to shrink and deform radially inward, so that the soil sampler presses the soil inside the soil sampler.

Furthermore, the soil sampler comprises a force application part, a ring cutter, a rotating device and a fixing device, wherein the force application part is connected with the ring cutter, the ring cutter is connected with the ring cutter through the rotating device, the fixing device is used for fixing the ring cutter in the ring cutter, and the force application to the ring cutter can enable the ring cutter to generate shrinkage deformation along the ring surface direction; the soil in the cutting ring is the soil column which is used as the soil to be detected.

Further, the step of taking out the soil column in the soil sampler comprises the following steps:

removing the fixing device and applying external force to the cutting ring to enable the cutting ring to rotate out of the inner part of the cutting ring around the rotating device;

removing the rotating device and taking down the cutting ring;

and taking out the soil column in the cutting ring.

According to the soil sampling method, the pre-treatment process of cutting the groove is added before the soil sampling device is used for sampling soil, the soil in the groove is separated from the peripheral soil in the transverse direction by the groove, namely, a gap is formed between the soil in the groove and the peripheral soil, the width of the gap is the wall thickness of the groove, when the soil sampling device is inserted into the soil in the groove, the wall of the soil sampling device extrudes the soil into the gap, the resistance of the soil sampling device in the soil is greatly reduced, and the soil sampling device is convenient to insert and extract. The traditional soil borrowing process is decomposed into a series of simple procedures, and the method is simple and easy to implement and high in working efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of extracting soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a slot cutting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the nut and the cutter of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an earth borrowing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a left side view (in partial cross-section) of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the ring cutter unscrewing of an exemplary earth borrowing device of the present invention; and

fig. 7 is a flow chart of the soil borrowing method of the soil borrowing device of the present invention.

Description of the symbols

1. Force application part 2, ring cutter 2a, rectangular notch 2b and top hole

2c, opening position 3, rotating device 4, fixing device 5 and cutting ring

6. A contraction part 10, a cutter 101, an inner concave clamping groove 102 and a retaining part

201. Side wall 202, handle 204, opening 30 and rotating shaft

40. Force application part 501, first bevel gear 502, second bevel gear 60 and cutter shaft

601. Chute 701, nut 702, spacing portion 703, protruding portion

80. Guide 82, bearing 83, and sleeve

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The embodiment of the invention provides a soil compaction degree detection soil borrowing method, and please refer to fig. 1, wherein the soil borrowing method comprises the following steps:

and S104, taking out the soil column in the soil sampler.

The term "the cutting grooves separate soil in the cutting grooves from surrounding soil in the transverse direction" means that the cutting grooves enclose a space, the soil in the space is the soil in the cutting grooves, and the soil outside the space is the surrounding soil. The lateral direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the depth of the soil. The vertical direction refers to a direction along the depth of the soil.

In actual construction, the grooving device can be used for cutting the grooving, and different grooving devices can obtain different grooving shapes. In order to facilitate the grooving work of the grooving apparatus, the grooving is a hollow cylindrical grooving. For example, the grooving apparatus has one or two or more blades which are driven by power to perform a circular rotational motion and are continuously fed in a vertical direction, so that a hollow cylindrical groove can be easily cut. For example, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a grooving apparatus by which grooving can be performed. The grooving apparatus includes: mounting bracket, pivot 30, application of force portion 40, cutter axle 60, cutter 10, awl tooth drive division and axial actuating mechanism. The mounting frame is used for providing mounting support and a ground supporting function of parts, the mounting frame comprises at least two side walls 201 which are arranged at intervals, a containing space is formed between the side walls 201, an opening 204 is formed in the bottom (the lower part of fig. 2), the containing space is used for containing the mounted parts (such as the rotating shaft 30, the force application part 40, the cutter shaft 60, the cutter 10, the bevel gear transmission part, the axial driving mechanism and the like), and the end part of the opening 204 of the mounting frame is used for supporting the surface of soil to be cut; the utility model discloses a cutter, including pivot 30, cutter shaft 60, pivot 10, force application portion 40, pivot drive mechanism 60, cutter shaft 60, axial drive mechanism, axial move of cutter shaft 60, the upper end of cutter 10 is empty to be nested axial drive mechanism, axial drive mechanism drives cutter 10 axial move, through the awl tooth drive portion rotates between the cutter shaft 60, the both ends of pivot 30 rotationally support in on two lateral walls 201, force application portion 40 with pivot 30 fixed connection, cutter 10 connects with sliding the cutter shaft 60 keeps away from the one end of awl tooth drive portion, just cutter 10 follows cutter shaft 60 rotates, axial drive mechanism drives cutter 10 axial move. When the grooving device is used, one end of the opening 204 of the mounting frame is supported on the surface of soil to be grooved, the cutter 10 is driven to move downwards by the torque generated by the force application part 40 through a pedal or by hand cranking, the cutter shaft is driven to rotate by the torque to drive the cutter 10 to rotate, and after grooving is completed, force is applied in the opposite direction, so that the cutter 10 can move upwards in a spiral manner and then exit the soil. The cutter 10 can be pushed to cut an annular groove with a certain depth in the soil without using an additional power source, so that the frictional resistance of the soil to the cutting ring is reduced for taking the soil by the cutting ring, and the cutting ring has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in use and high reliability.

To facilitate carrying and handling of the slot cutting apparatus, the slot cutting apparatus further includes a handle 202, the handle 202 being disposed at a top end (upper end in FIG. 2) of the mounting bracket and fixedly connected thereto. The cutter 10 has at least one cutting edge facing the soil and is driven by the cutter shaft 60 to move in a circular motion to cut an annular groove in the soil.

The bevel gear transmission part comprises a first bevel gear 501 and a second bevel gear 502, wherein the first bevel gear 501 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 30, for example, through a flat key or a spline connection, so as to keep the first bevel gear 501 and the rotating shaft 30 rotating synchronously; the second conical tooth 502 is fixedly connected with the cutter shaft 60, for example, by a flat key or a spline connection, so as to keep the second conical tooth 502 and the cutter shaft 60 rotating synchronously; the first bevel teeth 501 and the second bevel teeth 502 mesh. The engagement of the first and

second bevel teeth

501, 502 drives the cutter shaft 60.

In order to increase the motion stability of the cutter shaft 60, the grooving apparatus further includes a guide portion 80, the guide portion 80 is fixedly connected to the side wall 201, a through hole is formed in the guide portion 80, and the cutter shaft 60 is inserted into the through hole. When the cutter shaft 60 rotates, the guide portion 80 guides the movement of the cutter shaft 60, and prevents the cutter shaft 60 from deviating from its axial direction and the first and

second bevel teeth

501 and 502 from being disengaged. Further, in order to reduce friction between the surface of the cutter shaft 60 and the inner wall of the through-hole, a bearing 82 is provided between the cutter shaft 60 and the inner wall of the through-hole. It will be appreciated that the guide 80 is arranged so as not to interfere with the drive of the cutter 10 by the axial drive mechanism, and therefore the guide 80 is located between the bevel gear drive and the axial drive mechanism.

Further, in order to support the second taper tooth 502 and prevent the second taper tooth 502 from moving downward under the action of gravity and disengaging from the first taper tooth 501, the grooving apparatus includes a sleeve 83, the sleeve 83 is sleeved on the cutter shaft 60, one end of the sleeve 83 abuts against the end surface of the bearing 82, and the other end of the sleeve 83 abuts against the end surface of the second taper tooth 502, that is, the sleeve 83 is sandwiched between the bearing 82 and the second taper tooth 502. The bearing 82 is fixed by the guide portion 80, the bearing 82 axially supports the sleeve 83, so that the sleeve 83 does not move downward under the action of gravity, and the second taper 502 does not move downward under the action of gravity under the support of the sleeve 83, so that the sleeve 83 axially positions the second taper 502 and the cutter shaft 60 (in the up-down direction of fig. 2), that is, the second taper 502 and the cutter shaft 60 are not displaced in the axial direction.

Axial actuating mechanism includes nut 701 and spacing portion 702, spacing portion 702 with the lateral wall 201 fixed connection of mounting bracket, spacing portion 702 has the edge spacing hole of the axial extension of cutter axle 60, nut 701 is located spacing downthehole, promptly nut 701 inlays to be located spacing downthehole, at least partial circumferential surface of nut 701 with the internal surface butt of spacing portion 702 is in order to stop nut 701's rotation, nut 701 with cutter axle 60 passes through the vice connection of screw thread. When the cutter shaft 60 rotates, the nut 701 slides in the axial direction of the cutter shaft 60 (up and down displacement in fig. 2) in the limit hole by the screw pair because the limit part 702 limits the rotation of the nut 701. The outer profile of the nut 701 may be polygonal (e.g., a standard regular hexagonal nut), and the shape of the limiting hole matches the outer profile of the nut 701, so that the nut 701 is prevented from rotating.

The surface of the end of the cutter shaft 60 connected with the cutter 10 is provided with a chute 601 extending along the axial direction of the cutter shaft 60, the cutter 10 is connected with the cutter shaft 60 through a flat key, and the flat key drives the cutter 10 to rotate around the axis of the cutter 10. The end portion, facing the cutter 10, of the nut 701 is provided with a protruding portion 703 extending outward in the radial direction of the nut 701 and protruding out of the surface of the nut 701, the corresponding end portion of the cutter 10 is provided with an inward concave clamping groove 101 and an anti-disengaging portion 102, the protruding portion 703 is located in the inward concave clamping groove 101, namely, the protruding portion 703 is connected with the inward concave clamping groove 101 in an embedded manner, the anti-disengaging portion 102 is arranged on the outer edge of the inward concave clamping groove 101 and extends inward in the radial direction of the nut 701 to prevent the protruding portion 703 from disengaging from the inward concave clamping groove 101, and the inward concave clamping groove 101 does not interfere with the protruding portion 703 in the rotation process of the axis of. As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the protruding portion 703 is a boss structure, and further, may be a circular boss structure, the concave slot 101 is in a circular shape, and the circular boss is embedded in the circular concave slot 101, so that when the cutter 10 is driven by the cutter shaft 60 to rotate, the concave slot and the anti-separation portion 102 can rotate freely relative to the boss structure, and the boss structure cannot be driven to rotate.

The grooving device can be used for easily cutting the grooving in the area to be excavated. The grooving apparatus described above is only one embodiment, and the grooving can be achieved by other structures.

In order to facilitate the subsequent soil sampling work of the soil sampler, the inner diameter of the cutting groove is larger than the outer diameter of the soil sampler. The projection of the cutting groove in the vertical direction is circular, the cutting groove has a certain wall thickness, and the inner diameter of the cutting groove refers to the diameter of the circle formed by the inner wall of the circular cutting groove. Therefore, the soil sampler can be guaranteed to be capable of taking complete soil in the cutting groove. Further, in order to ensure that soil can fill a predetermined volume in the geotome, the depth of the cutting is greater than the height of the geotome. The depth of the cutting groove refers to the dimension of the cutting groove in the depth direction of the soil, and the height of the soil sampler refers to the height of the effective part of the soil collected by the soil sampler. Furthermore, the wall thickness of grooving is greater than the wall thickness of geotome, for example, the thickness of geotome is 2mm, then the thickness of grooving then need be greater than 2mm, when the geotome inserts in the soil in the grooving, can extrude the soil outside the outer wall of geotome, because the existence of grooving, the space has been reserved for the motion of soil for the displacement that the soil outside the outer wall produced can all be absorbed by the grooving, like this, because the reaction force that the extrusion force of geotome produced in the soil has obtained effectual release, this reaction force just can not act on the geotome, the frictional force that the soil can geotome has been reduced greatly, and then greatly reduced the resistance of inserting and taking out of geotome.

In order to know whether the soil is filled into the preset volume of the soil sampler or not, the soil sampler is provided with an observation window, the height of the soil in the soil sampler can be observed through the observation window, and the soil is filled into the preset volume of the soil sampler when the soil reaches the preset height because the size of the soil sampler is known.

In the existing soil sampling process, when the soil sampler is lifted off the ground, the soil in the soil sampler is easy to loosen, and the detection of the compactness of the soil is further influenced. In order to avoid the defects in the existing soil sampling process, in the embodiment of the invention, after soil is filled in the soil sampler with a predetermined volume and before the soil sampler is taken out, an external force is applied to the soil sampler in the radial direction inwards to cause the soil sampler to generate radial inward shrinkage deformation, so that the soil sampler extrudes the soil in the soil sampler (the process is a core protection process), and the soil columns in the soil sampler are prevented from scattering (the soil compactness detection result is not influenced due to the limited shrinkage deformation degree).

The causing of the radially inward shrinkage deformation of the geotome may be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, in another embodiment of the present invention, the soil sampler includes a force application portion 1, a cutting ring 2, a cutting ring 5, a rotating device 3 and a fixing device 4, the force application portion 1 is connected to the cutting ring 2, the cutting ring 5 is connected to the cutting ring 2 through the rotating device 3, the fixing device 4 is configured to fix the cutting ring 5 inside the cutting ring 2, specifically, the cutting ring 2 has a long and narrow opening along its height direction, and applying force to the cutting ring 2 can make the cutting ring 2 generate contraction deformation along its ring surface direction; the soil in the cutting ring 2 is the soil column which is used as the soil to be detected.

Specifically, in the soil sampler of the present invention, the force application part 1 (for example, a handle) is connected to the upper end face of the cutting ring 2, for example, by welding, screwing, etc.; the rotating device 3 is a rotating shaft, the fixing device 4 is a bolt, two holes are formed in the ring cutter 2, two holes corresponding to the ring cutter 2 are formed in the ring cutter 5, the rotating shaft can penetrate into one hole of the ring cutter 2 and one hole of the ring cutter 5 at the same time, so that the ring cutter 5 can rotate relative to the ring cutter 2 around the rotating shaft, and the bolt can penetrate into the other hole of the ring cutter 2 and the other hole of the ring cutter 5 at the same time, so that the ring cutter 5 and the ring cutter 2 are fixed relatively; the cutting ring 2 is of an open thin-wall structure, a rectangular notch 2a, a top hole 2b and an opening position 2c are arranged on the outer wall of the cutting ring, the size of the rectangular notch 2a is equivalent to that of the outer contour of the cutting ring 5, the cutting ring 5 can be screwed out of the rectangular notch 2a around the rotating device 3 by pushing the cutting ring 5 from the top hole 2b, and the cutting ring 5 can be screwed in from the rectangular notch 2a around the rotating device 3 by pushing the cutting ring 5 from the opposite side of the top hole 2b to the top hole 2 b; the constriction 6 is the staple bolt for example, and the staple bolt sets up along the upper portion regional of the anchor ring of girdling 2, screws up the bolt of staple bolt, and the girdling 2 can produce the shrink deformation under the extrusion of staple bolt.

In this embodiment, the height of the effective portion of the soil collected by the soil sampler refers to the height from the bottom of the cutting ring 2 to the position of the cutting ring 2 corresponding to the top end of the cutting ring 5.

Referring to fig. 7, the soil sampling method using the soil sampling device of the present invention (including steps S102, S103, and S104) may specifically be:

s01, applying pressure to the force application part 1 to enable the cutting knife 2 to vertically cut into soil in the cutting groove;

s02, stopping applying external force to the force application part 1 when the ring-cutting knife 2 is cut to the required soil depth, and applying external force to the ring surface direction of the ring-cutting knife 2 to enable the ring-cutting knife 2 to generate shrinkage deformation so that the ring-cutting knife 2 extrudes the soil in the ring-cutting knife 2;

s03, applying a pulling force to the force application part 1 to lift the ring cutter 2 off the ground;

s04, removing the fixing device 4, and applying an external force to the cutting ring 5 to enable the cutting ring 5 to be screwed out of the interior of the cutting ring 2 around the rotating device 3;

and S05, removing the rotating device 3 and taking down the cutting ring 5.

S06, taking out the soil column in the cutting ring 5

The soil taking method by utilizing the soil taking device is specifically operated as follows: when the operation is started, an operator applies force to the force application part, for example, the operator holds a handle to vertically place the bottom opening of the ring cutter 2 downwards, rotates the handle to apply pressure to cut the ring cutter 2 into soil, and stops extruding the handle after observing the required depth from the opening position 2c of the ring cutter 2, for example, a soil column is filled with the ring cutter 5; tightening a contraction part such as a bolt on a hoop to enable the ring cutter 2 to generate contraction deformation, enabling the ring cutter 2 to generate extrusion action on the internal soil, enabling the soil in the ring cutter 5 to be blocked by the outer wall of the ring cutter 5 to keep the original state, enabling the soil on the lower portion of the ring cutter 2 to be compressed by the contraction deformation of the outer wall of the ring cutter 2, and enabling the soil compressed on the lower portion of the ring cutter 2 to prevent soil columns in the ring cutter 5 from scattering; pulling force is applied to lift the handle, so that the ring cutter 2 with the ring cutter 5 is lifted off the ground; removing the fixing device, for example, pulling out the bolt, pushing the cutting ring 5 through the top hole 2b of the outer wall of the cutting ring 2, so that the cutting ring 5 rotates around the rotating device, for example, a rotating shaft; the cutting ring 5 is rotated out from the rectangular notch 2a of the cutting ring 2, and in the process that the cutting ring 5 is rotated out of the rectangular notch 2a of the cutting ring 2, the rectangular notch 2a of the cutting ring 2 trims the soil on the upper edge and the lower edge of the cutting ring 5, so that the complete sampling soil column is kept in the cutting ring 5; and (5) pulling out the rotating shaft, taking down the cutting ring 5, and carrying out soil compactness inspection on the soil column inside the cutting ring 5.

The soil taking device disclosed by the invention is used for taking soil, so that the soil in the cutting ring can be prevented from scattering, and the soil columns on the upper and lower edges of the cutting ring are trimmed through the outer wall of the rectangular notch of the cutting ring, so that the soil taking device has the advantages of high soil taking efficiency, good soil column integrity and quick soil column trimming.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the specific details of the embodiment. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A soil taking method for detecting soil compactness is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s102, after the groove to be cut is finished, inserting the soil sampler into soil in the cutting groove along the vertical direction, and gradually moving along the depth direction of the soil;

s103, after the soil is filled into the soil sampler with a preset volume, applying an external force inwards in the radial direction of the soil sampler to enable the soil sampler to shrink and deform inwards in the radial direction, so that the soil sampler extrudes the soil in the soil sampler and lifts the soil sampler off the ground;

s104, taking out the soil column in the soil sampler;

the soil sampler comprises a force application part, a ring cutter, a rotating device and a fixing device, wherein the ring cutter is of an open thin-walled structure and is provided with a long and narrow opening along the height direction of the ring cutter, a rectangular notch is formed in the outer wall of the ring cutter, the force application part is connected with the ring cutter, the ring cutter is connected with the ring cutter through the rotating device, the fixing device is used for fixing the ring cutter and is arranged in the ring cutter, and the force application part of the ring cutter can enable the ring cutter to generate shrinkage deformation along the ring surface direction of the ring cutter; the soil in the cutting ring is the soil column which is used as the soil to be detected.

2. The method of borrowing according to claim 1, wherein the slot is a hollow cylindrical slot.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the internal diameter of the cutting is greater than the external diameter of the geotome.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the cut is greater than the height of the geotome.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of the cutting slot is greater than the wall thickness of the geotome.

6. The soil sampling method according to claim 1, wherein in step S103, the height of the soil in the soil sampler is observed through the observation window on the soil sampler, and when the height reaches a preset height, the soil fills the soil sampler to a predetermined volume.

7. The soil sampling method of claim 1, wherein the step of taking out the soil column in the soil sampler comprises:

removing the fixing device, applying external force to the cutting ring, enabling the cutting ring to be screwed out from the interior of the cutting ring around the rotating device, and trimming the soil columns on the upper edge and the lower edge of the cutting ring through the outer wall of the rectangular cut of the cutting ring;

removing the rotating device and taking down the cutting ring;

and taking out the soil column in the cutting ring.