CN107802665A - 一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法 - Google Patents
一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,在常温下,将金银花药材粉末和提取溶剂混合物在高速分散作用下进行混合,使得药材均匀分散于提取溶剂中,再将混合均匀的样品,连续式注入高压破碎提取装置内,在低温条件下,施加流体动态高压,形成瞬间较大的压力差,产生强烈的空话、剪切、湍流及冲击等作用,使物料细胞瞬间膨胀并破碎,有效成分与溶剂接触面加大,溶剂快速渗透、成分迅速释放,金银花药材中酚酸类成分在短时间内扩散到原料周围提取液中。对比于传统提取方法,该方法具有提取时间短,提取率高及减少能源消耗等优点。此发明在避免热敏有效成分降解的同时,达到了对热敏有效成分的高效提取。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热敏性有效成分低温高压提取分离技术领域,特别涉及一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法。
背景技术
中药中有效组成成分十分的复杂,且含量不高,因而选择适宜的提取方法尤显重要。提取作为中药制药及质量控制关键环节,会影响药物制剂的质量及其安全使用,制约着中药制药的现代化发展。传统中药提取方法包括有煎煮法、浸渍法、渗漉法、回流法、水蒸气蒸馏法等,但往往存在提取时间长、提取工艺复杂、溶剂需要量大、成本高、提取率低等缺点。近些年发展起来的现代提取技术可实现快速、高效的提取中药中有效成分,并受到广泛关注。
中药中热敏性有效物质是指中药中所含的热不稳定有效成分,多种中药的有效成分均有热敏性。由于热敏性的存在,在中药提取过程中容易受到温度的影响而发生降解,从而影响中药制剂的品质和疗效。现有技术中连续低温高压破碎提取技术是在低温或常温的条件下,利用高压作用使液体样品高速通过狭窄的缝隙时受到强大的剪切力、撞击、湍流作用及在压力瞬间释放产生的空化效果等作用效果总和,使得细胞瞬间膨胀并破碎,促进细胞内有效成分溶出。根据这个原理提出了连续低温高压破碎提取中药有效热敏成分。
近些年来,随着人们日常保健意识的增强,天然有效成分受到越来越多的关注。金银花为忍冬科忍冬属忍冬植物的干燥花蕾,是我国常用的大宗中药材之一。金银花中主要活成成分酚酸类化合物、黄酮类化合物、环烯醚萜类化合物及皂苷类化合物等成分,其中酚酸类成分含量最高,且通常作为指标成分评价金银花及其相关制剂的品质。酚酸类成分属于热敏性化合物,易在高温提取时发生降解,导致提取物生物活性的降低,因此针对这类成分提供一种适宜的低温高效的提取方法,变得更加重要。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术提取酚酸类成分容易在高温提取时发生降解,导致提取物中活性成分含量降低等问题,本申请提供一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法。
本发明的目的将通过以下技术方案实现:一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,将金银花药材粉碎后加入一定比例提取溶剂,通过高速分散作用,使金银花药材粉末在提取溶剂中进一步粉碎且达到均匀分散效果,将均匀分散的样品连续式注入高压破碎提取装置内,低温条件下,金银花中酚酸类成分在瞬间产生的较大压力差作用下,迅速分散到提取溶剂中,离心分离滤液和药渣,所得滤液即为金银花中酚酸类成分提取液。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,所述金银花药材粉碎到粒度为80~300目的金银花药材粉末。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,所述提取溶剂为水或者体积分数30~90%乙醇溶液。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,每克所述金银花药材粉末,加入体积为10~50mL的提取溶剂。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,所述金银花药材在室温条件下高速分散,高速分散机的转速为10000rpm~28000 rpm,分散时间为30~300s。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,所述高压破碎提取装置的提取温度为4℃~16℃。
优选的,所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,所述高压破碎提取装置的提取压力为500~2500bar。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:本发明通过高压破碎提取装置提取金银花中的酚酸类成分,在常温或低温的条件下,对金银花药材粉末和提取溶液在10000~28000rpm剪切分散作用30~300s,使得药材粉末在提取溶剂中迅速分散,对分散样品施加500~2500bar流体动态压力,提取溶剂在动态高压的作用下迅速渗入固体金银花药材内部,在该过程所产生的强烈剪切力、撞击、湍流、及空化等作用效果下,金银花药材细胞壁迅速破碎,使得溶解在溶剂中的酚酸类成分迅速扩散,从而实现金银花药材中酚酸类成分低温快速提取。该方法操作简单,提取效率高,提取周期短,对热敏类活性成分起到了一定保护作用,不仅适用于工艺生产,还可作为一种中药样品前处理方法应用于中药成分质量分析。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面通过以下实施例对本发明作进一步具体的阐述,但不可理解为对本发明的限定,对于本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容所作的一些非本质的改进与调整,也视为落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
首先,以干燥的金银花为原料,粉碎,过100目筛,称取20g金银花药材。接着,向金银花药材中加入体积分数为65%乙醇,乙醇的加入加入体积(mL) 为金银花药材质量(g)的45倍。然后,在室温条件下,调节分散剂机的为转速15000rpm,剪切分散90s,形成均匀分散的待提取液。再将均匀分散的待提取液加入高压破碎提取机内,高压破碎提取机的温度控制为6℃,高压破碎提取机的压力为1500bar。最后,将高压破碎提取之后溶液,在3000rpm转速下离心 15min,取上清液,进行高压液相检测及DPPH自由基的清除率测定。
经过以上提取方法,金银花中酚酸类成分提取率分别为:新绿原酸0.55 mg/g,绿原酸25.93mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸19.69mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸 3.26mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基清除能力IC50值为0.281mg/mL。在相同液固比例及乙醇浓度下,采用传统的回流法,在85℃下回流提取90min,金银花中酚酸类成分提取率分别为:新绿原酸0.52mg/g,绿原酸24.67mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸18.16mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸3.80mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基的清除能力IC50值为0.293mg/mL。
结论:与回流法相比,本申请在提取时间较短的情况下,获得了高提取率的新绿原酸、绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸以及4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸。并且通过提取液DPPH自由基的清除实验,根据计算的IC50值,说明了本申请得到的提取液抗氧化活性比回流法高。
实施例2
首先,以干燥的金银花为原料,粉碎,过80目筛,称取20g金银花药材。接着,向金银花药材中加入体积分数为30%乙醇,乙醇的加入加入体积(mL) 为金银花药材质量(g)的20倍。然后,在室温条件下,调节分散剂机的转速为10000rpm,剪切分散90s,形成均匀分散的待提取液。再将均匀分散的待提取液加入高压破碎提取机内,压破碎提取机的温度控制为6℃,压破碎提取机的压力为1000bar。最后,将高压破碎提取之后溶液,在3000rpm离心15min,取上清液,进行高压液相检测及DPPH自由基的清除率测定。
经过以上提取方法,金银花中酚酸类成分提取率分别为:新绿原酸0.47 mg/g,绿原酸19.23mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸6.28mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸 0.91mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基清除能力IC50值为0.416mg/mL。在相同液固比例及乙醇浓度下,采用传统的浸渍法,室温浸渍提取24h。结果为:新绿原酸 0.23mg/g,绿原酸12.62mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸3.54mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸0.57mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基清除能力IC50值为0.482mg/mL。
结论:与浸渍法相比,本申请不仅大大缩短了提取时间,而且获得了高提取率的新绿原酸、绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸以及4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸,特别是新绿原酸的提取率增加了1倍左右,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸的提取率增加了77%, 4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸的提取率增加了60%。并且,通过提取液DPPH自由基的清除实验,根据计算的IC50值,说明了本申请得到的提取液抗氧化活性比浸渍法高。
实施例3
首先,以干燥的金银花为原料,粉碎,过150目筛,称取20g金银花药材。接着,向金银花药材中加入体积分数为90%乙醇,乙醇的加入加入体积(mL) 为金银花药材质量(g)的40倍。然后,在室温条件,调节分散剂机的转速为 10000rpm,剪切分散150s。将均匀分散后样品加入高压破碎提取机内,高压破碎提取机的温度控制6℃,高压破碎提取机的压力为2000bar。最后,将高压破碎提取之后溶液,在3000rpm离心15min,取上清液,进行高压液相检测及DPPH 自由基的清除率测定。
经过以上提取方法,金银花中酚酸类成分提取率分别为新绿原酸0.50mg/g,绿原酸24.38mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸19.12mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸3.16 mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基清除能力IC50值为0.306mg/mL。在相同液固比例及乙醇浓度下,采用传统的超声法,室温超声提取45min。结果为:新绿原酸 0.45mg/g,绿原酸23.91mg/g,3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸18.53mg/g,4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸2.78mg/g,其提取液DPPH自由基清除能力IC50值为0.324mg/mL。
结论:与超声法相比,本申请不仅大大缩短了提取时间,而且获得了高提取率的新绿原酸、绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸以及4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸,特别是4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸的提取率增加了14%。并且,通过提取液DPPH自由基的清除实验,根据计算的IC50值,说明了本申请得到的提取液抗氧化活性比超声法高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不足以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:将金银花药材粉碎后加入一定比例提取溶剂,通过高速分散作用,使金银花药材粉末在提取溶剂中进一步粉碎且达到均匀分散效果,将均匀分散的样品连续式注入高压破碎提取装置内,低温条件下,金银花中酚酸类成分在瞬间产生的较大压力差作用下,迅速分散到提取溶剂中,离心分离滤液和药渣,所得滤液即为金银花中酚酸类成分提取液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:所述金银花药材粉碎到粒度为80~300目的金银花药材粉末。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:所述提取溶剂为水或者体积分数30~90%乙醇溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:每克所述金银花药材粉末,加入体积为10~50mL的提取溶剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:所述金银花药材在室温条件下高速分散,高速分散机的转速为10000rpm~28000rpm,分散时间为30~300s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:所述高压破碎提取装置的提取温度为4℃~16℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式低温高压破碎提取金银花中酚酸类成分的方法,其特征在于:所述高压破碎提取装置的提取压力为500~2500bar。
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