CN107797964A - Multiphase pseudo-random sequence based on single photon detection quickly generates and coding/decoding method - Google Patents
Multiphase pseudo-random sequence based on single photon detection quickly generates and coding/decoding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Quickly generated the invention discloses a kind of multiphase pseudo-random sequence based on single photon detection and coding/decoding method, this method mainly include the following steps that：The random number of high quality is produced by Mersenne Twister algorithms first, further according to caused random number and the value of threshold decision this in advance set, so as to obtain modulation positions；If the position is modulation positions, combine the value for determining this with caused random number further according to intensity demarcation interval set in advance, so as to obtain intensity coding information.When a modulation positions occur, then some positions after crossing are needed to repeat step, to ensure that laser has the energy storage time of abundance.The pseudo-random sequence of generation is done to the pseudo-random sequence received it is related, so as to calculate target range.The above method solves High Speed Modulation and the unmatched problem of laser repetition rate in single photon detection, it is possible to achieve is also equipped with the advantages that autocorrelation is good, noise inhibiting ability is strong simultaneously to the coding of any pattern.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser radars, particularly relates to the field of extremely weak light detection, and particularly relates to a multiphase pseudorandom sequence rapid generation and decoding method based on single photon detection.
Background
The single photon detection can detect the long-distance non-cooperative target under the condition of extremely low energy (the average energy of each pulse echo is less than one photon) and obtain a high-precision ranging result. The performance of the laser radar system under limited resources is greatly improved, and the method is a leading-edge technology in the field of laser radars.
In order to quickly acquire target information, a system designer often adopts a high repetition frequency laser, however, the high repetition frequency cannot judge the corresponding relation between an echo signal and a transmitting signal during long-distance ranging, namely, the requirement of single-value ranging is not met; and the distance can be measured in a very short range only under the condition of meeting the requirement of single-value distance measurement, thereby causing the problem of distance ambiguity.
The pseudo-random coding sequence is a common method for increasing the detection bandwidth of the system, can effectively solve the distance ambiguity problem caused by high repetition frequency required by a photon counting technology, greatly enlarges the distance measurement distance of the single photon detection system by modulating the emission signal through the pseudo-random coding, and has certain anti-noise capability, thereby further improving the distance measurement precision. A process of modulating a single photon detection system by using an m sequence to obtain target Three-dimensional information is elaborated in a paper Three-dimensional imaging system based on high speed laser modulation and photon counting published in 2016 by Zhang Yufei, haga and the like, a scheme of combining a continuous laser and a modulator is adopted, when the modulator is adopted to modulate the continuous laser, energy storage time does not exist, but single pulse energy is low, time precision is not high, the price of the modulator is not too high, and the system cost is increased; when a pulsed laser is used, the above problems can be overcome, but are limited by the maximum pulse repetition rate of the pulsed laser.
To reduce the modulation device requirements and also to achieve higher single pulse energies, designers often employ pulsed lasers rather than continuous lasers. However, the traditional pseudo-random sequence is difficult to solve the contradiction between the high-speed modulation of single photon detection and the repetition frequency of the laser; in order to obtain higher time precision in an actual system, the generation rate of a pseudo-random sequence is often up to GHz level, the repetition frequency of a laser is difficult to match, and a traditional pseudo-random sequence is an m sequence, wherein the proportion of a '0' code element and a '1' code element is equivalent, namely the repetition frequency of the laser is half of the modulation rate of the pseudo-random sequence. Therefore, the conventional pseudo-random sequence cannot be used under the high-speed modulation condition.
Most of the traditional pseudo-random sequences are biphase coding sequences only containing two code elements of '0' and '1'; although the advantage of easy generation exists, since the biphase code does not contain intensity information, the correlation of the code sequence itself is not strong enough, and the final measurement result is easily polluted by noise and greatly influenced; the traditional pseudo-random sequence generation method has the defects of difficult generation of codes with any code length, difficult acquisition of codes with specific code patterns and the like. (for example m-sequences can only be generated to a length of 2 n -1, and the sequence produced is a fixed sequence, cannot be adjusted)
After the pseudo-random sequence is generated, modulating a laser through the pseudo-random sequence and obtaining a laser emission signal; the echo photons carrying modulation information and target information are received by a receiving system, and a receiving sequence can be obtained after the receiving system receives enough sparse photon signals. And correlating the pseudo-random sequence with the obtained receiving sequence to calculate the photon flight time so as to obtain the target distance. However, the correlation operation is computationally expensive, and especially when the sequence length is long, the correlation operation will occupy a large amount of computational resources.
In summary, in the field of single photon detection, a pseudo random sequence which can solve the above problems and is easy to generate is urgently needed, and a fast algorithm is urgently needed in a distance calculation module to reduce the calculation amount of the operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of rate mismatching between code generation rate and laser repetition frequency, fixed code form and the like caused by high-speed code modulation in single photon detection, the invention provides a method for rapidly generating and decoding a multiphase pseudorandom sequence based on single photon detection. In the distance calculation module, the fast Fourier algorithm is adopted to calculate correlation, and the calculation speed is greatly improved through the double acceleration effect of the transform domain and the fast algorithm, so that the system performance is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a multiphase pseudorandom sequence rapid generation and decoding method based on single photon detection, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: presetting related parameters;
the method comprises the steps of generating a sequence algorithm parameter and a Mersenne Twister algorithm parameter;
the sequence generation algorithm parameters comprise a coding length, a modulation position proportion threshold value, an intensity range, a corresponding intensity value and a buffer bit number;
step two: obtaining a polyphase pseudorandom code;
2.1 Set up the seed sequence, produce the random number according to Mersenne twist algorithm;
2.2 Judging whether the position of the random number corresponding to the pseudorandom sequence is a modulation position or not according to a preset modulation position proportion threshold value, if so, determining the intensity value of the modulation position according to a preset intensity range, and setting the intensity value of a buffer position behind the modulation position to be zero; if the position is a non-modulation position, setting the intensity value to be zero; the intensity values corresponding to the modulation position and the buffer position behind the modulation position form part of codes;
2.3 Step 2.1) and step 2.2) are repeated until the multiphase pseudorandom codes with complete set code length are reached;
step three: acquiring an emission code and a receiving code through a single photon detection device, wherein the emission code is the multiphase pseudorandom code acquired in the step two; and then the transmitting code and the receiving code are correlated, so that the target distance is calculated.
Preferably, the step 2.1) is specifically:
2.11 Generating algorithm parameters and Mersenne Twister algorithm parameters according to the set sequence and initializing random number sequences by seed sequences;
2.12 ) updating the random number sequence by recombining the new sequence and multiplying the new sequence by the rotation matrix;
2.13 And) extracting the finally output random number by shifting the updated random number sequence and performing bit-wise exclusive or.
Preferably, the following formula is circulated n-1 times to generate the rest n-1 code words except the seed sequence to form an initialization random sequence x;
whereinIn order to operate as a "bitwise exclusive or",>>, for right shift operation, f is initialization parameter, w is code word length, x is random number in random sequence, j is jth code word, j is taken from 1 to n-1, n is stepAnd (7) classifying.
Preferably, step 2.12) is in particular:
a) In the initialization random sequence x, take x k Higher w-r bit ofAnd x k+1 Lower r bit ofCombined into a new sequence x new ；
Wherein r is a code cutting point, and u and l are tempering displacements;
b)、x new multiplied by a rotation matrix a, where a is a rational standard form of the matrix,
the step 2.13) is specifically as follows:
c)、x new a and x k+m XOR by bit, get x k+n Repeating the steps a) to b) n-1 times, and updating the x sequence;
wherein m is an intermediate value;
d) And setting y as the next value of the current sequence, and acquiring the finally extracted random number according to the following operations:
z is the random number finally output, < < represents the left shift according to the position, and b, c, s, t, u, d, l are tempering shifts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the pseudo-random sequence generated by the invention can obtain various advantages of any code pattern, carrying strength information (multiphase sequence), good autocorrelation, easy generation and the like;
2. in the distance calculation module, the fast Fourier algorithm is adopted to calculate correlation, and the calculation speed is greatly improved through the double acceleration effect of the transform domain and the fast algorithm, so that the system performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-phase pseudo-random sequence fast generation algorithm based on single photon detection;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the distance calculating module of the single photon detection system;
FIG. 3 is a sequence autocorrelation display generated by the fast multi-phase pseudorandom sequence generation method based on single photon detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a representation of the autocorrelation of a conventional m-sequence;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the time spent generating an m-sequence with generating a multi-phase pseudorandom sequence based on single photon detection;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the time consumption of the conventional correlation method and the FFT correlation method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the bold symbols in the description represent vectors.
Referring to fig. 1, the pseudo-random sequence of the present invention is generated rapidly by:
the method comprises the following steps: setting the length L of a pseudorandom sequence according to the parameters of a single photon detection system S The proportion P of the modulation positions, the intensity level i and the division region (T) thereof 1 ,T 2 ),(T 2 ,T 3 ),…(T i-1 ,T i ) And a buffer bit number buf for the energy storage time of the laser;
step two: setting Mersenne Twister algorithm parameters: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a code word length w, a recursion degree n, a middle value m, a code word cutting point r, an initialization parameter f, a rotary linear shift feedback register tempering bit mask and tempering displacement b, c, s, t, u, d, l;
step three: setting a w-bit long sequence x 0 For the seed sequence, the rest n-1 code words are generated by cycling the following formula n-1 times and are used as an initialized random number sequence x;
whereinIn order to operate as a "bitwise exclusive or",>>, right shift operation according to position;
step four: taking x in the initialized random number sequence x k Higher w-r bit ofAnd x k+1 Lower r bit ofCombined into a new sequence x new ；
Step five: x is the number of new Multiplied by a rotation matrix A, A being a rational standard form of the matrix, i.e.
In which I w-1 Is a (n-1) × (n-1) identity matrix, and the new sequence x is based on the linear recursion of the matrix on the finite binary field new Multiplication with matrix A can be simplified
Step six: x is the number of new A and x k+m XOR by bit, get x k+n ；
Step seven: repeating the fourth step to the sixth step n-1 times, and updating the x sequence;
step eight: and if y is the next value of the current sequence, acquiring the finally extracted random number according to the following operations:
z is the random number finally output, and < < represents the left shift according to the bit;
step nine: if z is greater than P, assigning the intensity value of the corresponding position of the random number in the pseudorandom sequence to be 0, namely a non-modulation bit, otherwise, assigning the bit to be a modulation bit;
step ten: if the random number is a modulation bit, it needs to be determined which intensity interval the random number belongs to, and the intensity of the corresponding position of the random number in the pseudorandom sequence is assigned according to the intensity value corresponding to the intensity interval, that is, the intensity i takes the following values:
step eleven: when a modulation position V mod When it appears, it will be in the interval (V) mod ,V mod +buff]All the intensity values of the bits of (a) are assigned to 0; and from the V th mod The + buff +1 bit starts to repeat the process from the third step to the tenth step until the length of the generated sequence reaches the set sequence length L S ；
Step twelve: and outputting the finally obtained pseudo-random sequence e (n).
Step thirteen: converting the pseudo-random sequence e (n) into an optical signal through a laser, repeatedly transmitting the optical signal for a plurality of times, receiving echo photons by a receiving system, and accumulating and quantizing the echo photons to obtain a receiving coding sequence r (n); remapping the received sequence back to the strength interval, and obtaining a sequence similar to the transmitted sequence after remapping;
fourteen steps: fast Fourier Transform (FFT) -based N-point discrete Fourier transform for calculating transmitted pseudorandom sequence e (N)
Step fifteen: fast Fourier Transform (FFT) -based N-point discrete Fourier transform for receiving pseudorandom sequence r (N)
Sixthly, the step of: method for determining the conjugate R of the discrete Fourier transform R (k) of a received sequence * (k)，
Seventeen steps: discrete Fourier transform H of a correlation function ER (k)＝E(k)R * (k)
Eighteen steps: discrete Fourier transform H of correlation function ER (k) Performing an inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) on the N-point,
nineteen steps: sequence h is solved er Is set as the maximum value, the position of the maximum value is set as G, and the system time resolution is set as t bin The delay τ = G × t between the transmit sequence and the receive sequence bin 。
Twenty steps: the speed of light is represented by C, and the final ranging distance D is obtained according to the following formula:
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the horizontal axis of the echo sequence and the transmit sequence as relative delays and the vertical axis of the echo sequence and the transmit sequence as correlation values at different delay positions; as is obvious from comparing FIG. 3 with FIG. 4, the sequence autocorrelation generated by the method is better, and the correlation peak is easier to distinguish. The test adopts a pseudorandom sequence modulation rate of 2GHz, a PDL800-D and LDH-D-C-850 pulse laser of PicoQuant company is adopted as a laser, the highest repetition frequency is 80MHz, and the equivalent repetition frequency is set to be 10MHz. Namely, the proportion P =5 × 10 (-3) of the modulation positions, and the buffer bit buf =25 for the energy storage time of the laser. And useLength L of m sequence under test and pseudo random sequence generated by the present invention S 16383 each, with an intensity in the range of [0,30%]。
FIG. 5 shows the length of the sequence on the horizontal axis, ranging from 127 bits to 16383 bits, the time spent by the algorithm on the vertical axis, and the time spent by the multi-phase pseudorandom sequence based on single photon detection on the thick line below; the multiphase pseudorandom sequence rapid generation algorithm based on single photon detection provided by the invention has higher speed, although slightly floating under the influence of randomness, the time is always kept in the order of tens of microseconds, and the time consumption of the algorithm is not obviously increased along with the increase of the sequence length. It should be noted that the present coordinate system is a logarithmic coordinate system.
In fig. 6, the horizontal axis represents the sequence length, ranging from 127 bits to 16383 bits, the vertical axis represents the time consumed by the algorithm, and the thick line below represents the time variation curve of the FFT solution correlation method with the increase of the sequence length. Therefore, the FFT algorithm is adopted to obviously accelerate the speed of the correlation solution, and particularly, when the sequence length is longer, the time cost is not obviously increased along with the increase of the sequence, and the time cost is always kept around millisecond level. It should be noted that the vertical axis in this figure is a logarithmic scale.
The test tools used for the tests of FIGS. 5 and 6 were both MATLAB 2016a, with the computer for the association thinkCentre M8600t-D064.
Claims (4)
1. A multiphase pseudorandom sequence rapid generation and decoding method based on single photon detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: presetting related parameters;
the method comprises the steps of generating a sequence algorithm parameter and a Mersenne Twister algorithm parameter;
the sequence generation algorithm parameters comprise a coding length, a modulation position proportion threshold value, an intensity range, a corresponding intensity value and a buffer bit number;
step two: obtaining a polyphase pseudorandom code;
2.1 Set up the seed sequence, produce the random number according to Mersenne twist algorithm;
2.2 Judging whether the position of the random number corresponding to the pseudorandom sequence is a modulation position or not according to a preset modulation position proportion threshold value, if so, determining the intensity value of the modulation position according to a preset intensity range, and setting the intensity value of a buffer position behind the modulation position as zero; if the position is a non-modulation position, setting the intensity value to be zero; the intensity values corresponding to the modulation position and the buffer position behind the modulation position form part of codes;
2.3 Step 2.1) and step 2.2) are repeated until the multiphase pseudorandom code with complete set code length is reached;
step three: acquiring an emission code and a receiving code through a single photon detection device, wherein the emission code is the multiphase pseudorandom code acquired in the step two; and then the transmitting code and the receiving code are correlated, so that the target distance is calculated.
2. The method for fast generating and decoding the multiphase pseudorandom sequence based on the single photon detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2.1) is specifically:
2.11 Generating algorithm parameters and Mersenne Twister algorithm parameters according to the set sequence and initializing random number sequences by seed sequences;
2.12 ) updating the random number sequence by recombining the new sequence and multiplying the new sequence by the rotation matrix;
2.13 And) extracting the finally output random number by shifting the updated random number sequence and performing bit-wise exclusive or.
3. The method for fast generating and decoding the multiphase pseudorandom sequence based on single photon detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
generating the rest n-1 code words except the seed sequence by cycling the formula for n-1 times to form an initialization random sequence x;
whereinIn order to perform a "bitwise exclusive-or" operation,>> is a right shift operation according to bit, f is an initialization parameter, w is a code word length, x is a random number in a random sequence, j is a jth code word, j is taken from 1 to n-1, and n is a recursion degree.
4. The method for fast generating and decoding the multiphase pseudorandom sequence based on single photon detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the step 2.12) is specifically as follows:
a) In the initialization random sequence x, x is taken k Higher w-r bit ofAnd x k+1 Lower r bit ofCombined into a new sequence x new ；
Wherein r is a code cutting point, and u and l are tempering displacements;
b)、x new multiplied by a rotation matrix a, where a is a rational standard form of the matrix,
the step 2.13) is specifically as follows:
c)、x new a and x k+m Bitwise XOR, get x k+n Repeating the steps a) to b) n-1 times, and updating the x sequence;
wherein m is an intermediate value;
d) And setting y as the next value of the current sequence, and acquiring the finally extracted random number according to the following operations:
z is the random number of the final output, the < < represents the left shift according to the position, and b, c, s, t, u, d and l are tempering shifts.
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